Spatial distribution of the dropless ESI charged particles at IMS entrance

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
E. M. Mutin ◽  
M. Z. Muradymov ◽  
N. V. Krasnov ◽  
M. N. Krasnov ◽  
I. V. Kurnin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Charged Particles

Spatial distribution of the charged particles and potentials during beam extraction in a negative-ion source

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 02B116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tsumori ◽  
H. Nakano ◽  
M. Kisaki ◽  
K. Ikeda ◽  
K. Nagaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Beam Extraction

scholarly journals Air shower simulation for background estimation in muon tomography of volcanoes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Béné ◽  
P. Boivin ◽  
E. Busato ◽  
C. Cârloganu ◽  
C. Combaret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Background Estimation ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Muon Tomography ◽  
Background Effect ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. One of the main sources of background for the radiography of volcanoes using atmospheric muons comes from the accidental coincidences produced in the muon telescopes by charged particles belonging to the air shower generated by the primary cosmic ray. In order to quantify this background effect, Monte Carlo simulations of the showers and of the detector are developed by the TOMUVOL collaboration. As a first step, the atmospheric showers were simulated and investigated using two Monte Carlo packages, CORSIKA and GEANT4. We compared the results provided by the two programs for the muonic component of vertical proton-induced showers at three energies: 1, 10 and 100 TeV. We found that the spatial distribution and energy spectrum of the muons were in good agreement for the two codes.

Dependence of the particle density spectrum in giant air showers on the spatial distribution of charged particles

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Kalmykov ◽  
G. V. Kulikov ◽  
V. P. Sulakov ◽  
Yu. A. Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Density Spectrum

Kinetics of nonhomogeneous chemical processes in tracks of high-energy charged particles

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 858-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Coulomb Field ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Transient Species ◽  
Charged Species ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Initial Spatial Distribution

High-energy charged particles, when slowing down in a molecular medium, lose their energy by electronic excitations and ionizations of molecules along their paths. If the secondary electrons that are formed as a result of the ionizations have sufficient energy, they give rise to further excitations and ionizations. In this way tracks of excited states, positive ions, and electrons are formed. The spatial distribution of the species initially formed in the track will change in time owing to diffusion; the charged species will also drift in each other's Coulomb field. In nonpolar systems the range of the Coulomb forces is very large (30 nm) and neutralization of the oppositely charged species in the track is a dominant process, which in turn leads to formation of excited molecules that generally decompose into reactive fragments. In polar liquids, like water, neutralization is less prevalent and a relatively large fraction of the charged species escapes from the Coulombic attraction. The transient species formed may react with one another and with molecules of the medium, either solvent molecules or solute molecules. The probability of the occurrence of these reactions depends on the initial spatial distribution of the reactive species in the track. The present state of the theory of the kinetics of the nonhomogeneous processes in tracks of high-energy charged particles, which relates the initial spatial distribution of the transient species in the track to the various experimental observables, will be discussed.

scholarly journals Электрическая площадь поля в вакууме с движущимися зарядами

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Н.Н. Розанов
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Analytical Expression ◽  
Exact Analytical Expression ◽  
Approximate Form ◽  
Field Area

An exact analytical expression is presented for the electric field area generated by the motion of charged particles with constant acceleration. An approximate form of the spatial distribution of the electric area in the vicinity of the point of instantaneous stopping of charges is given. The possibility of generating quasi-unipolar pulses of electromagnetic radiation with a significant electric area is shown.

Saturn’s E ring

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Baum ◽  
T.J. Kreidl ◽  
L.H. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Equatorial Plane ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Attenuation Factor ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Ccd Observations ◽  
Ring Material ◽  
Physical Thickness

ABSTRACTThe spatial distribution of material in Saturn’s E ring has been derived from ground-based CCD observations obtained at the time of the 1980 edge-on presentation. The ring commences abruptly near 3 RS, peaks at the orbit of Enceladus (3.94 RS), and has tenuous outskirts to more than 8 Rs. On reasonable assumptions, we calculate the attenuation factor to be 5xl0-11km-1in the equatorial plane near Enceladus, and the physical thickness of the ring there to be 7500 km (FWHM). The attenuation factor in the equatorial plane is lower by a factor of 8 at Tethys, 76 at Dione, and roughly 1000 at Rhea, while the physical thickness increases by factors of 1.7, 2.9, and 5.5, respectively. This distribution of ring material appears to call for interactions with charged particles and fields. If the E-ring particles are predominantly icy and small, the total mass of the ring is probably less than 106tons.

scholarly journals Direct measurement of the 3-dimensional DNA lesion distribution induced by energetic charged particles in a mouse model tissue

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (40) ◽  
pp. 12396-12401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Mirsch ◽  
Francesco Tommasino ◽  
Antonia Frohns ◽  
Sandro Conrad ◽  
Marco Durante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Particle Path ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
Physical Measurements

Charged particles are increasingly used in cancer radiotherapy and contribute significantly to the natural radiation risk. The difference in the biological effects of high-energy charged particles compared with X-rays or γ-rays is determined largely by the spatial distribution of their energy deposition events. Part of the energy is deposited in a densely ionizing manner in the inner part of the track, with the remainder spread out more sparsely over the outer track region. Our knowledge about the dose distribution is derived solely from modeling approaches and physical measurements in inorganic material. Here we exploited the exceptional sensitivity of γH2AX foci technology and quantified the spatial distribution of DNA lesions induced by charged particles in a mouse model tissue. We observed that charged particles damage tissue nonhomogenously, with single cells receiving high doses and many other cells exposed to isolated damage resulting from high-energy secondary electrons. Using calibration experiments, we transformed the 3D lesion distribution into a dose distribution and compared it with predictions from modeling approaches. We obtained a radial dose distribution with sub-micrometer resolution that decreased with increasing distance to the particle path following a 1/r2 dependency. The analysis further revealed the existence of a background dose at larger distances from the particle path arising from overlapping dose deposition events from independent particles. Our study provides, to our knowledge, the first quantification of the spatial dose distribution of charged particles in biologically relevant material, and will serve as a benchmark for biophysical models that predict the biological effects of these particles.

Equilibrium spatial distribution of charged particles

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1371-1373
Author(s):  
V. P. Romanov ◽  
Yu. A. Chaplygin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Charged Particles
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