scholarly journals Childhood traumatic events and the dopaminergic theory of psychosis: A mini-review of studies investigating gene – environment interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Eid Abo Hamza ◽  
Ahmed Helal ◽  
Ahmed A. Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Psychological Reaction ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dopamine Genes

Abstract There is great body of evidence showing a relationship between childhood adversity and psychosis onset. Genetic factors moderate the association between childhood adversity and psychosis risk potentially by influencing biological and/or psychological reaction following exposure to adversity. In this review, we discuss studies identifying the specific genetic variants known to affect dopamine levels involved in this interaction. Our review shows that the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), AKT1 gene play a key role in mediating the relationship between childhood adversity and development of psychosis. We have also found conflicting findings on the impact of dopamine genes on the relationship between childhood adversity and development of psychosis, suggesting that other genetic and environmental factors should be taken into account. We here discuss the implications of our findings and future directions.

scholarly journals Making Strategic Decisions: Conducting and Using Research on the Impact of Sequenced Library Instruction

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacy Lundstrom ◽  
Pamela Martin ◽  
Dory Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Psychology Students ◽  
Composition Courses ◽  
Library Instruction ◽  
Transcript Analysis ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Course Grades ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the relationship between course grades and sequenced library instruction interventions throughout psychology students’ curriculum. Researchers conducted this study to inform decisions about sustaining and improving program integrations for first- and second-year composition courses and to improve discipline-level integrations. Researchers began with transcript analysis but soon incorporated student surveys and a faculty focus group to supplement the data and influence future directions. Findings confirmed that students benefit from meaningful collaborations with the library at strategic, sequenced points in their curriculum, including at the discipline level. This research also provided concrete information that brought about change at the classroom and programmatic level.

scholarly journals Shorter Adult Stature Increases the Impact of Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment: A Comparison of Two Nordic Twin Cohorts

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venla S. Laitala ◽  
Jacob Hjelmborg ◽  
Markku Koskenvuo ◽  
Ismo Räihä ◽  
Juha O. Rinne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adult Stature

We analyzed the association between mean height and old age cognition in two Nordic twin cohorts with different childhood living conditions. The cognitive performance of 4720 twin individuals from Denmark (mean age 81.6 years, SD = 4.59) and Finland (mean age 74.4 years, SD = 5.26) was measured using validated cognitive screens. Taller height was associated with better cognitive performance in Finland (β-estimates 0.18 SD/10cm, p value < .001, for men and 0.13 SD, p = .008, for women), but this association was not significant in Denmark (β-estimates 0.0093 SD, p value = .16, for men and 0.0075 SD, p value = .016, for women) when adjusted for age and education/social class. Among Finnish participants higher variability of cognitive performance within shorter height quintiles was observed. Analysis using gene-environment interaction models showed that environmental factors exerted a greater impact on cognitive performance in shorter participants, whereas in taller participants' it was explained mainly by genetic factors. Our results suggest that shorter participants with childhood adversity are more vulnerable to environmental risk factors for cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Using Bayesian Modeling to Optimize Antipsychotic Dosage in Clinical Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ismail ◽  
Thomas Straubinger ◽  
Hiroyuki Uchida ◽  
Ariel Graff-Guerrero ◽  
Shinichiro Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Receptor Occupancy ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
The Impact

Aim A robust and user-friendly software tool was developed for the prediction of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy (RO) in patients with schizophrenia treated with either olanzapine or risperidone. This tool can facilitate clinician exploration of the impact of treatment strategies on RO using sparse plasma concentration measurements. Methods Previously developed population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models for olanzapine and risperidone were combined with a PD model for D2 receptor occupancy (RO) and implemented in the R programming language. MAP Bayesian estimation was used to provide predictions of plasma concentration and receptor occupancy and based on sparse PK measurements. Results The average (standard deviation) response times of the tools were 2.8 (3.1) and 5.3 (4.3) seconds for olanzapine and risperidone, respectively. The mean error (95% confidence interval) and root mean squared error (RMSE, 95% CI) of predicted versus observed concentrations were 3.73 ng/mL (-2.42 – 9.87) and 10.816 (6.71 – 14.93) for olanzapine, and 0.46 ng/mL (-4.56 – 5.47) and 6.68 (3.57 – 9.78) for risperidone and its active metabolite (9-OH risperidone). Mean error and RMSE of RO were -1.47% (-4.65 – 1.69) and 5.80 (3.89 – 7.72) for olanzapine and -0.91% (-7.68 – 5.85) and 8.87 (4.56 – 13.17) for risperidone. Conclusion Treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotics offers unique challenges and requires careful monitoring to establish the optimal dosing regimen. Our monitoring software predicts RO in a reliable and accurate form.

scholarly journals Effects of interactions between variation in dopaminergic genes, traumatic life events, and anomalous self-experiences on psychosis proneness: Results from a cross-sectional study in a nonclinical sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Kamila Kotowicz ◽  
Łukasz Gawęda ◽  
Katarzyna Prochwicz ◽  
Joanna Kłosowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background There is a growing number of studies showing interactions between genetic polymorphisms associated with dopaminergic neurotransmission and traumatic life events (TLEs) on a risk of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Anomalous self-experiences (ASEs) have been associated both with TLEs as well as with PLEs. However, it remains unknown what is the role of ASEs in the complexity of gene–environment interactions on the emergence of PLEs. Patients and methods We included 445 young adults—university students from three big cities in Poland. We used the Traumatic Events Checklist to assess TLEs, the Inventory of Psychotic-Like anomalous self-experiences in order to measure ASEs, and the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ16) to record the level of PLEs. The following gene polymorphisms, related to dopaminergic neurotransmission, were determined: the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) rs4680 polymorphism, the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) rs6277 polymorphism, and the dopamine transporter 1 (DAT1) rs28363170 polymorphism. Results There was a significant effect of the interaction between the DAT1 polymorphism, a severity of ASEs, and a history of TLEs on the level of PLEs. Among the DAT1 10R/10R homozygotes with low level of ASEs, a severity of PLEs was significantly higher in individuals with a history of any TLEs. Higher scores of the PQ16 were associated with a greater severity of ASEs both in the DAT1 9R allele carriers and the DAT1 10R/10R homozygotes. Conclusion Our findings imply that genetic liability related to aberrant dopamine transport might impact the association between TLEs and PLEs in subjects with high levels of ASEs.

scholarly journals Adolescent impulsivity as a sex- and subtype-dependent predictor of impulsivity, alcohol drinking, and dopamine D2 receptor expression in adult rats

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Robertson Hammerslag ◽  
Amogh P. Belagodu ◽  
Olubankole Aladesuyi ◽  
Angela G. Karountzos ◽  
Qingrou Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Impulsive Choice ◽  
Impulsive Action ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Dopamine D2 ◽  
The Impact

Impulsivity is a personality trait associated with a heightened risk for drug use and other psychiatric conditions. Because impulsivity-related disorders typically emerge during adolescence, there has been interest in exploring methods for identifying adolescents that will be at risk to develop substance use disorders in adulthood. Here, we used a rodent model to assess inhibitory control (impulsive action) and impulsive decision making (impulsive choice) during adolescence (43-50 days old) or adulthood (93-100 days old) and then examined the impact of development on these impulsivity traits by retesting rats 50 days later. Impulsive action was not stable from adolescence to adulthood in males and was lowest in adult males, relative to adolescents and females. Impulsive choice was stable across development and unaffected by age or sex. Next, we examined the connection between our model of impulsivity and two measures relevant to substance abuse research: the initiation of voluntary alcohol drinking and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) expression in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex. Consumption of saccharin-sweetened ethanol during 30 min sessions in adulthood was associated with adolescent, but not adult, impulsive action, particularly in males. Prelimbic D2R expression was reduced in individuals with high levels of impulsive choice and this relationship appeared to be strongest among females. The results of this study demonstrate that impulsive choice, along with its connection to D2R expression, is relatively unchanged by the process of development. For impulsive action however, individual levels of impulsivity during adolescence predict drinking in adulthood despite changes in the measure during development.

scholarly journals Dopaminergic Modulation of Orofacial Mechanical Hypersensitivity Induced by Infraorbital Nerve Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1945
Author(s):  
Hiroharu Maegawa ◽  
Nayuka Usami ◽  
Chiho Kudo ◽  
Hiroshi Hanamoto ◽  
Hitoshi Niwa
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Control System ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Infraorbital Nerve ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dopaminergic Control

While the descending dopaminergic control system is not fully understood, it is reported that the hypothalamic A11 nucleus is its principle source. To better understand the impact of this system, particularly the A11 nucleus, on neuropathic pain, we created a chronic constriction injury model of the infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI) in rats. ION-CCI rats received intraperitoneal administrations of quinpirole (a dopamine D2 receptor agonist). ION-CCI rats received microinjections of quinpirole, muscimol [a gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor agonist], or neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the A11 nucleus. A von Frey filament was used as a mechanical stimulus on the maxillary whisker pad skin; behavioral and immunohistochemical responses to the stimulation were assessed. After intraperitoneal administration of quinpirole and microinjection of quinpirole or muscimol, ION-CCI rats showed an increase in head-withdrawal thresholds and a decrease in the number of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) immunoreactive (pERK-IR) cells in the superficial layers of the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc). Following 6-OHDA microinjection, ION-CCI rats showed a decrease in head-withdrawal thresholds and an increase in the number of pERK-IR cells in the Vc. Our findings suggest the descending dopaminergic control system is involved in the modulation of trigeminal neuropathic pain.

Do Social Bonds Buffer the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Reoffending?

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Craig ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Nathan Epps
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Adjudicated Youth ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Research from multiple disciplines has reported that exposure to childhood traumatic events, often referred to as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), increases an individual’s chances of experiencing a wide variety of negative consequences such as chronic disease, unemployment, and involvement in serious, violent, and chronic offending. The current study assesses how protective factors from social bonds may moderate the relationship between ACEs and future offending in a sample of high-risk adjudicated youth. While results showed that increased ACE exposure led to a higher likelihood of rearrest and more social bonds lowered the likelihood of rearrest, in contrast to expectations, the analyses revealed that stronger social bonds did not reduce the deleterious effects of exposure to more types of ACEs on recidivism. A discussion of these findings is offered, along with study limitations and future directions.

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