scholarly journals Factors Influencing Carbon Stocks and Accumulation Rates in Eelgrass Meadows Across New England, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 2076-2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Novak ◽  
M. C. Pelletier ◽  
P. Colarusso ◽  
J. Simpson ◽  
M. N. Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
New England ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
C And N

Abstract Increasing the protection of coastal vegetated ecosystems has been suggested as one strategy to compensate for increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere as the capacity of these habitats to sequester and store carbon exceeds that of terrestrial habitats. Seagrasses are a group of foundation species that grow in shallow coastal and estuarine systems and have an exceptional ability to sequester and store large quantities of carbon in biomass and, particularly, in sediments. However, carbon stocks (Corg stocks) and carbon accumulation rates (Corg accumulation) in seagrass meadows are highly variable both spatially and temporally, making it difficult to extrapolate this strategy to areas where information is lacking. In this study, Corg stocks and Corg accumulation were determined at 11 eelgrass meadows across New England, representing a range of eutrophication and exposure conditions. In addition, the environmental factors and structural characteristics of meadows related to variation in Corg stocks were identified. The objectives were accomplished by assessing stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N as well as %C and %N in plant tissues and sediments, measuring grain size and 210Pb of sediment cores, and through assessing site exposure. Variability in Corg stocks in seagrass meadows is well predicted using commonly measured environmental variables such as grain size distribution. This study allows incorporation of data and insights for the northwest Atlantic, where few studies on carbon sequestration by seagrasses have been conducted.

Holocene Carbon Stocks and Carbon Accumulation Rates Altered in Soils Undergoing Permafrost Thaw

Ecosystems ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin E. Hicks Pries ◽  
Edward A. G. Schuur ◽  
K. Grace Crummer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Permafrost Thaw ◽  
Carbon Accumulation Rates

scholarly journals Organic carbon in surface sediments of the North Sea and Skagerrak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Diesing ◽  
Terje Thorsnes ◽  
Lilja Rún Bjarnadóttir
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
Shelf Sediments ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract. Continental shelf sediments are places of both rapid organic carbon turnover and accumulation, while at the same time increasingly subjected to human-induced disturbances. Recent research suggests that shelf sediments might have a role to play as a natural climate solution, e.g. by protecting the seafloor against human-induced disturbance. However, we have an incomplete understanding about the centres of organic carbon accumulation and storage on continental shelves. To better constrain the rate of accumulation and the mass of organic carbon that is stored in sediments, we developed and applied a spatial modelling framework that allows to estimate those quantities from sparse observations and predictor variables known or suspected to influence the spatial patterns of these parameters. This paper presents spatial distribution patterns of organic carbon densities and accumulation rates in the North Sea and Skagerrak. We found that organic carbon stocks and accumulation rates are highest in the Norwegian Trough, while large parts of the North Sea are characterised by low stocks and zero net-accumulation. The total stock of organic carbon that is stored in the upper 0.1 m of sediments amounted to 230.5 ± 134.5 Tg, of which approximately 26 % are stored in the Norwegian Trough. Rates of organic carbon accumulation in the Norwegian Trough are on par with those reported from nearby fjords. We provide baseline datasets that could be used in marine management, e.g. for the establishment of carbon protection zones. Additionally, we highlight the complex nature of continental shelves with zones of rapid carbon cycling and accumulation juxtaposed, which will require further detailed and spatially explicit analyses to constrain sedimentary organic carbon stocks and accumulation rates globally.

scholarly journals Carbon Stocks and Accumulation Rates in Salt Marshes of the Pacific Coast of Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Chastain ◽  
Karen Kohfeld ◽  
Marlow G. Pellatt
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Clayoquot Sound ◽  
Carbon Accumulation Rates

Abstract. Tidal salt marshes are known to accumulate blue carbon at high rates relative to their surface area and have been put forth as a potential means for enhanced CO2 sequestration. However, estimates of salt marsh carbon accumulation rates are based on a limited number of marshes globally and the estimation of carbon accumulation rates require detailed dating to provide accurate estimates. We address one data gap along the Pacific Coast of Canada by estimating carbon stocks in 34 sediment cores and estimating carbon accumulation rates using 210Pb dating on four cores from seven salt marshes within the Clayoquot Sound UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and Pacific Rim National Park Reserve of Canada (49.2° N, 125.80° W). Carbon stocks averaged 80.6 ± 43.8 megagrams of carbon per hectare (Mg C ha−1) between the seven salt marshes, and carbon accumulation rates averaged 146 ± 102 grams carbon per square meter per year (g C m−2 yr−1). These rates are comparable to those found in salt marshes further south along the Pacific coast of North America (32.5–38.2° N) and at similar latitudes in Eastern Canada and Northern Europe (43.6–55.5° N). The seven Clayoquot Sound salt marshes currently accumulate carbon at a rate of 54.28 Mg C yr−1 over an area of 46.94 ha, 87 % of which occurs in the high marsh zone. On a per-hectare basis, Clayoquot Sound salt marsh soils accumulate carbon at least one order of magnitude more quickly than the average of global boreal forest soils, and approximately two times larger than rates for forests in British Columbia. However, because of their relatively small area, we suggest that their carbon accumulation rate capacity could best be considered as a climate mitigation co-benefit when conserving for other salt marsh ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration Rate Estimates in Delaware Bay and Barnegat Bay Tidal Wetlands Using Interpolation Mapping

Data ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Champlin ◽  
Velinsky ◽  
Tucker ◽  
Sommerfield ◽  
Laurent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Delaware Bay ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Barnegat Bay ◽  
Carbon Accumulation Rates

Quantifying carbon sequestration by tidal wetlands is important for the management of carbon stocks as part of climate change mitigation. This data publication includes a spatial analysis of carbon accumulation rates in Barnegat and Delaware Bay tidal wetlands. One method calculated long-term organic carbon accumulation rates from radioisotope-dated (Cs-137) sediment cores. The second method measured organic carbon density of sediment accumulated above feldspar marker beds. Carbon accumulation rates generated by these two methods were interpolated across emergent wetland areas, using kriging, with uncertainty estimated by leave-one-out cross validation. This spatial analysis revealed greater carbon sequestration within Delaware, compared to Barnegat Bay. Sequestration rates were found to be more variable within Delaware Bay, and rates were greatest in the tidal freshwater area of the upper bay.

scholarly journals Organic carbon densities and accumulation rates in surface sediments of the North Sea and Skagerrak

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2139-2160
Author(s):  
Markus Diesing ◽  
Terje Thorsnes ◽  
Lilja Rún Bjarnadóttir
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
Shelf Sediments ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract. Continental shelf sediments are places of both rapid organic carbon turnover and accumulation, while at the same time increasingly subjected to human-induced disturbances. Recent research suggests that shelf sediments might have a role to play as a natural climate solution, e.g. by storing organic carbon if left undisturbed from anthropogenic activity. However, we have an incomplete understanding about the centres of organic carbon accumulation and storage on continental shelves. To better constrain the rate of accumulation and the mass of organic carbon that is stored in sediments, we developed and applied a spatial modelling framework that allows us to estimate those quantities from sparse observations and predictor variables known or suspected to influence the spatial patterns of these parameters. This paper presents spatial distribution patterns of organic carbon densities and accumulation rates in the North Sea and Skagerrak. We found that organic carbon stocks and accumulation rates are highest in the Norwegian Trough, while large parts of the North Sea are characterised by low stocks and zero net accumulation. The total stock of organic carbon that is stored in the upper 0.1 m of sediments amounted to 230.5 ± 134.5 Tg C, of which approximately 26 % is stored in the Norwegian Trough. Rates of organic carbon accumulation in the Norwegian Trough are comparable with those reported from nearby fjords. We provide baseline datasets that could be used in marine management, e.g. for the establishment of “carbon protection zones”. Additionally, we highlight the complex nature of continental shelves with zones of rapid carbon cycling and accumulation juxtaposed, which will require further detailed and spatially explicit analyses to constrain sedimentary organic carbon stocks and accumulation rates globally.

scholarly journals Correction to: Factors Influencing Carbon Stocks and Accumulation Rates in Eelgrass Meadows Across New England, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 2183-2184
Author(s):  
A. B. Novak ◽  
M. C. Pelletier ◽  
P. Colarusso ◽  
J. Simpson ◽  
M. N. Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Blue carbon stocks and exchanges along the California coast

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 4717-4732
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Ward ◽  
Tessa M. Hill ◽  
Chelsey Souza ◽  
Tessa Filipczyk ◽  
Aurora M. Ricart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
California Coast ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Isotope Mixing Models ◽  
Sediment Carbon

Abstract. Salt marshes and seagrass meadows can sequester and store high quantities of organic carbon (OC) in their sediments relative to other marine and terrestrial habitats. Assessing carbon stocks, carbon sources, and the transfer of carbon between habitats within coastal seascapes are each integral in identifying the role of blue carbon habitats in coastal carbon cycling. Here, we quantified carbon stocks, sources, and exchanges in seagrass meadows, salt marshes, and unvegetated sediments in six bays along the California coast. In the top 20 cm of sediment, the salt marshes contained approximately twice as much OC as seagrass meadows did, 4.92 ± 0.36 kg OC m−2 compared to 2.20 ± 0.24 kg OC m−2, respectively. Both salt marsh and seagrass sediment carbon stocks were higher than previous estimates from this region but lower than global and US-wide averages, respectively. Seagrass-derived carbon was deposited annually into adjacent marshes during fall seagrass senescence. However, isotope mixing models estimate that negligible amounts of this seagrass material were ultimately buried in underlying sediment. Rather, the vast majority of OC in sediment across sites was likely derived from planktonic/benthic diatoms and/or C3 salt marsh plants.

scholarly journals Blue Carbon Stocks and Exchanges Along the Pacific West Coast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Ward ◽  
Tessa M. Hill ◽  
Chelsey Souza ◽  
Tessa Filipczyk ◽  
Aurora M. Ricart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Isotope Mixing Models ◽  
Sediment Carbon

Abstract. Salt marshes and seagrass meadows can sequester and store high quantities of organic carbon (OC) in their sediments relative to other marine and terrestrial habitats. Assessing carbon stocks, carbon sources, and the transfer of carbon between habitats within coastal seascapes are each integral in identifying the role of blue carbon habitats in coastal carbon cycling. Here, we quantified carbon stocks, sources, and exchanges in seagrass meadows, salt marshes, and unvegetated sediments in six bays along the Pacific coast of California. The salt marshes studied here contained approximately twice as much OC as did seagrass meadows, 23.51 ± 1.77 kg OC m−3 compared to 11.01 ± 1.18 kg OC m−3, respectively. Both seagrass and salt marsh sediment carbon stocks were higher than previous estimates from this region but lower than global and U.S.-wide averages, respectively. Seagrass-derived carbon was deposited annually into adjacent marshes during fall seagrass senescence. However, isotope mixing models estimate that negligible amounts of this seagrass material were ultimately buried in underlying sediment. Rather, the vast majority of OC in sediment across sites was likely derived from planktonic/benthic diatoms and C3 salt marsh plants.

scholarly journals Systematics of past changes in ocean ventilation: a comparison of Cretaceous Ocean Anoxic Event 2 and Pleistocene to Holocene Oxygen Minimum Zones

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 13343-13387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schönfeld ◽  
W. Kuhnt ◽  
Z. Erdem ◽  
S. Flögel ◽  
N. Glock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Oxygen Minimum Zones ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Water Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Minimum

Abstract. Present day oceans are generally well ventilated except mid-depth oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) under high surface water productivity regimes, regions of sluggish circulation, and restricted marginal basins. In the Mesozoic, however, entire oceanic basins transiently became dysoxic or even anoxic. In particular the Cretaceous Ocean Anoxic Events (OAEs) were characterised by laminated organic-carbon rich shales and low-oxygen indicating trace fossil assemblages preserved in the sedimentary record. Yet both, qualitative and quantitative assessments of intensity and extent of Cretaceous near-bottom water oxygenation have been hampered by deep or long-term diagenesis and the evolution of marine biota serving as oxygen indicators in today's ocean. Sedimentary features similar to those found in Cretaceous strata were observed in deposits underlying Recent OMZs, where bottom-water oxygen levels, the flux of organic matter, and benthic life are well known. Their implications for constraining past bottom-water oxygenation are addressed in this review, with emphasis on comparing OMZ sediments from the Peruvian upwelling with deposits of the late Cenomanian OAE 2 from the Atlantic NW African shelf. Holocene laminated sediments were encountered at bottom-water oxygen levels of <7 μmol kg−1 under the Peruvian upwelling and <5 μmol kg−1 in California Borderland basins and the Pakistan Margin. Changes of sediment input on seasonal to decadal time scales are necessary to create laminae of different composition. However, bottom currents may shape similar textures that are difficult to discern from primary seasonal laminae in sediment cores. The millimetre-sized trace fossil Chondrites was commonly found in Cretaceous strata and Recent oxygen-depleted environments where its diameter increased with oxygen levels from 5 to 45 μmol kg−1. This ichnogenus has not been reported from Peruvian sediments but cm-sized crab burrows appeared around 10 μmol kg−1, which may indicate a minimum oxygen value for bioturbated Cretaceous strata. Organic carbon accumulation rates ranged from 0.7 and 2.8 g C cm−2 kyr−1 in laminated sections of OAE 2 in the Tarfaya Basin, Morocco, matching late Holocene accumulation rates of the majority of laminated Peruvian sediment cores under Recent oxygen levels below 5 μmol kg−1. Sediments deposited at >10 μmol kg−1 showed an inverse exponential relationship of bottom-water oxygen levels and organic carbon accumulation depicting enhanced bioirrigation and decomposition of organic matter with increased oxygen supply. In absence of seasonal laminations and under conditions of low burial diagenesis, this relationship may facilitate quantitative estimates of paleo-oxygenation under suboxic conditions. Similarities and differences between Cretaceous OAEs and late Quaternary OMZs have to be further explored to improve our understanding of sedimentary systems under hypoxic conditions.

scholarly journals Carbon stocks and accumulation rates in Red Sea seagrass meadows

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Serrano ◽  
Hanan Almahasheer ◽  
Carlos M. Duarte ◽  
Xabier Irigoien
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Seagrass Meadows
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