scholarly journals Griffithsin with A Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity by Binding Glycans in Viral Glycoprotein Exhibits Strong Synergistic Effect in Combination with A Pan-Coronavirus Fusion Inhibitor Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Subunit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxing Cai ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Chenjian Gu ◽  
Xia Cai ◽  
Di Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Fusion Inhibitor ◽  
Viral Glycoprotein

scholarly journals 25-Hydroxycholesterol-Conjugated EK1 Peptide with Potent and Broad-Spectrum Inhibitory Activity against SARS-CoV-2, Its Variants of Concern, and Other Human Coronaviruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11869
Author(s):  
Qiaoshuai Lan ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Lijue Wang ◽  
Fanke Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Fusion Inhibitor ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Viral Inhibitor ◽  
Modified Peptides ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Enzymatic Product

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a serious threat to global public health and the economy. The enzymatic product of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), was reported to have potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Here, we found that the combination of 25-HC with EK1 peptide, a pan-coronavirus (CoV) fusion inhibitor, showed a synergistic antiviral activity. We then used the method of 25-HC modification to design and synthesize a series of 25-HC-modified peptides and found that a 25-HC-modified EK1 peptide (EK1P4HC) was highly effective against infections caused by SARS-CoV-2, its variants of concern (VOCs), and other human CoVs, such as HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E. EK1P4HC could protect newborn mice from lethal HCoV-OC43 infection, suggesting that conjugation of 25-HC with a peptide-based viral inhibitor was a feasible and universal strategy to improve its antiviral activity.

scholarly journals Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of 3D8, a Nucleic Acid-Hydrolyzing Single-Chain Variable Fragment (scFv), Targeting SARS-CoV-2 and Multiple Coronaviruses In Vitro

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Gunsup Lee ◽  
Shailesh Budhathoki ◽  
Geum-Young Lee ◽  
Kwang-ji Oh ◽  
Yeon Kyoung Ham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Recombinant Antibody ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Single Chain Variable Fragment ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
3D8 Scfv

The virus behind the current pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the etiology of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and poses a critical public health threat worldwide. Effective therapeutics and vaccines against multiple coronaviruses remain unavailable. Single-chain variable fragment (scFv), a recombinant antibody, exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses owing to its nucleic acid-hydrolyzing property. The antiviral activity of 3D8 scFv against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses was evaluated in Vero E6 cell cultures. Viral growth was quantified with quantitative RT-qPCR and plaque assay. The nucleic acid-hydrolyzing activity of 3D8 was assessed through abzyme assays of in vitro viral transcripts and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. We found that 3D8 inhibited the replication of SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Our results revealed the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of 3D8 scFv against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells. Immunoblot and plaque assays showed the reduction of coronavirus nucleoproteins and infectious particles, respectively, in 3D8 scFv-treated cells. These data demonstrate the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of 3D8 against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Thus, it could be considered a potential antiviral countermeasure against SARS-CoV-2 and zoonotic coronaviruses.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of antiviral agents with broad-spectrum activity against chikungunya virus varies between host cell lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 204020661880758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn J Franco ◽  
Jaime L Rodriquez ◽  
Justin J Pomeroy ◽  
Kaley C Hanrahan ◽  
Ashley N Brown
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Viral Burden

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that has recently emerged in the Western Hemisphere. Approved antiviral therapies or vaccines for the treatment or prevention of CHIKV infections are not available. This study aims to evaluate the antiviral activity of commercially available broad-spectrum antivirals against CHIKV. Due to host cell-specific variability in uptake and intracellular processing of drug, we evaluated the antiviral effects of each agent in three cell lines. Antiviral activities of ribavirin (RBV), interferon-alfa (IFN-α) and favipiravir (FAV) were assessed in CHIKV-infected Vero, HUH-7, and A549 cells. CHIKV-infected cells were treated with increasing concentrations of each agent for three days and viral burden was quantified by plaque assay on Vero cells. Cytotoxic effects of RBV, FAV and IFN-α were also evaluated. Antiviral activity differed depending on the cell line used for evaluation. RBV had the greatest antiviral effect in HUH-7 cells (EC50 = 2.575 µg/mL); IFN-α was most effective in A549 cells (EC50 = 4.235 IU/mL); and FAV in HUH-7 cells (EC50 = 20.00 μg/mL). The results of our study show FAV and IFN-α are the most promising candidates, as their use led to substantial reductions in viral burden at clinically achievable concentrations in two human-derived cell lines. FAV is an especially attractive candidate for further investigation due to its oral bioavailability. These findings also highlight the importance of cell line selection for preclinical drug trials.

scholarly journals Discovery of a Highly Selective PLD2 Inhibitor (ML395): A New Probe with Improved Physiochemical Properties and Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity against Influenza Strains

ChemMedChem ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2633-2637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. O'Reilly ◽  
Thomas H. Oguin ◽  
Sarah A. Scott ◽  
Paul G. Thomas ◽  
Charles W. Locuson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Physiochemical Properties

scholarly journals Nanodroplet-Benzalkonium Chloride Formulation Demonstrates In Vitro and Ex- Vivo Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and other Enveloped Viruses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Pannu ◽  
Susan Ciotti ◽  
Shyamala Ganesan ◽  
George Arida ◽  
Chad Costley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Nasal Irritation

Abstract Objective: The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of aerosolized droplets inhaled into the nose in the transmission of respiratory viral disease. Inactivating pathogenic viruses at the nasal port of entry may reduce viral loads, thereby reducing infection, transmission and spread. In this communication, we demonstrate safe and broad anti-viral activity of oil-in-water nanoemulsion (nanodroplet) formulation containing the potent antiseptic 0.13% Benzalkonium Chloride (NE-BZK). Results: We have demonstrated that NE-BZK exhibits broad-spectrum, long-lasting antiviral activity with >99.9% in vitro killing of enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus, RSV, and influenza B. In vitro and ex-vivo studies demonstrated continued killing of >99.99% of human coronavirus with diluted NE-BZK and persistent for 8 hours post application, respectively. The repeated application of NE-BZK, twice daily for 2 weeks into rabbit nostrils demonstrated its safety with no nasal irritation. These findings demonstrate that formulating BZK into the proprietary nanodroplets offers a safe and effective antiviral and a significant addition to strategies to combat the spread of respiratory viral infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the eIF4A inhibitor silvestrol against corona- and picornaviruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin Müller ◽  
Falk W. Schulte ◽  
Kerstin Lange-Grünweller ◽  
Wiebke Obermann ◽  
Ramakanth Madhugiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum
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