Efficiency of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) in defining the fundamental frequency in Muscat Region, Sultanate of Oman: a comparative study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2423-2436
Author(s):  
I. El-Hussain ◽  
A. Deif ◽  
K. Al-Jabri ◽  
A. M. E. Mohamed ◽  
S. El-Hady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman

scholarly journals The Impact of (Lot Upon Dispute) Maxim on Judiciary - A Comparative Study between Islamic Jurisprudence and Positive Law in the Sultanate of Oman-: أثر قاعدة (القرعة عند التَّشَاحِّ) في القضاء – دراسة مقارنة بين الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الوضعي في سلطنة عمان –

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Khamis Ahmad Al- fahdi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Impact

The importance of this research lies in identifying the significance of giving due regard to the jurisprudential maxims, especially those related to judicial work. Islamic jurists have paid attention to the maxim of “lot upon dispute” to console the souls and reconcile litigants. This maxim represents the highest and loftiest degrees of social interactions in the Islamic community depending on a prudent Quranic provision and wise prophetic Sunnah. This study is divided into three subjects: First: the definitions of study terms. Second: the researcher addresses the impact of the maxim in the judiciary literature and related topics in the code of procedures, personal affairs and civil transactions. Third: the researcher mentions some exceptions of maxim and the characteristic of lot, then clarifies the legal status of the maxim. The researcher concludes the study with the most important results, such as the jurisprudential maxim combines different issues in a phase of an eloquent meaning and precise wording. Jurists adopt this maxim more than the people of law do in order to achieve justice and block the accusation door. The study refers also to the necessity that those who work in the judiciary work should consider these jurisprudential maxims through establishment and application. Judge or arbitrator shall also act upon this maxim, and seek to reconcile between people through balloting. In addition, the specialized colleges and universities shall adopt the “lot upon dispute” maxim, and exert due diligence in studying it and any subdivided contemporary issues.

scholarly journals A comparative study of phonetogram parameters among female trained Hindustani classical singers, untrained singers and non-singers

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Ankur Bandhopadhyay ◽  
Indranil Chaterjee ◽  
Sanghamitra Dey
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Speech Task ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Accessible Method ◽  
Classical Singers ◽  
Frequency Intensity ◽  
Female Subjects

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vocal sound is based on the complex yet co-ordinated interaction of phonatory system, resonatory system and respiratory system. Phonetography is a practicable and readily accessible method to investigate and map the quantitative potentialities of vocal output. The objectives of the present study were to determine the phonetogram of trained (Hindustani classical) singers, untrained singer sand non-singers elicited from singing as well as speech task to see if statistically significant differences were present which may indicate an effect of training.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 90 female subjects between the ages 20-45 (mean age 34.2 years for trained subjects, 26.3 years for untrained subjects and 25.8 years for non-singers) divided into three groups each group consisting of 30 subjects. For the singing task, the individuals had to phonate |a| at habitual level by traversing through eight musical scales. In the speech task, the subjects were asked to count from one to twenty in Bengali at habitat level and at Sustainable cohorts of intensity. This was recorded using phonetogram software Dr. Speech (version 4). The parameters considered were fundamental frequency, intensity, semitones and area.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study revealed that in both tasks singing and non-singing task for all three groups in all the four parameters of phonetogram significant differences were seen (p=0.000) at 95% level of confidence.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study depicted the phonetographic profile of a genre of trained singers and tracked out the parameters on which differences are pronounced between a trained and untrained singer and non-singer.</p>

scholarly journals The analysis of H/V curve from different ellipticity retrieval technique for a single 3c-station recording

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Renato Luiz Prado
Keyword(s):  
Rayleigh Wave ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Love Wave ◽  
Frequency Estimation ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Horizontal Component ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Retrieval Technique

Abstract. In the last two decades or so the H/V (Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio) technique remained very popular, and are extensively used for the site fundamental frequency estimation. H/V curve are also used with dispersion curve to jointly invert and retrieved the shear wave velocity of relatively deep soil deposit. Although a full theoretical explanation of H/V technique is not been presented yet, There are two main assumptions used generally that H/V curves can be explained by considering Rayleigh wave of noise wavefield only while the other newly presented approach utilized the whole noise wavefield known as diffuse field approach (DFA), However in case of Rayleigh wave approach for H/V, it is almost impossible to the remove the fraction of Love wave to the horizontal component of H/V. Here in this study, we aim to test different approaches adopted for the removal of Love wave fraction from the horizontal component for a borehole test site at the University of Sao Paulo. The result from different approaches is compared with borehole ellipticity curve. The result shows that around the fundamental frequency of curve obtained in either way(DFA or ellipticity approach) is dominated by Rayleigh waves.

Does a ‘musical’ mother tongue influence cry melodies? A comparative study of Swedish and German newborns

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Prochnow ◽  
Soly Erlandsson ◽  
Volker Hesse ◽  
Kathleen Wermke
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Pitch Accent ◽  
Interesting Issue ◽  
Ample Opportunity ◽  
Maternal Language ◽  
Single Arc ◽  
Hearing System

The foetal environment is filled with a variety of noises. Among the manifold sounds of the maternal respiratory, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems, the intonation properties of the maternal language are well perceived by the foetus, whose hearing system is already functioning during the last trimester of gestation. These intonation (melodic) features, reflecting native-language prosody, have been found to shape vocal learning. Having had ample opportunity to become familiar with their mother’s language in the womb, newborns have been found to exhibit salient pitch-based elements in their own cry melodies. An interesting issue is whether an intrauterine exposure to a maternal pitch accent language, such as Swedish, in which emphatic syllables are pronounced typically on a higher pitch relative to other syllables will affect newborns’ cry melody (fundamental frequency contour). The present study aimed to answer this question by quantitatively analysing and comparing the melody structure in 52 Swedish compared with 79 German newborns. In accordance with previous approaches, cry melody structure was analysed by calculating a melody complexity index (MCI) expressing the share of cries exhibiting two or more (well-defined) arc-like substructures uttered during the recording sessions. A low MCI reflects a dominance of cries with a ‘simple’, i.e. single-arc melody. A significantly higher MCI was found in the Swedish infant group, which further corroborates the assumption that the well-known foetal sensitivity for musical (melodic) stimuli seems to shape infants’ cry melody.

scholarly journals Performing horizontal to vertical ratio testing in stiff soils in and around Grand Teton National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Shawn Griffiths ◽  
Abbas Ansariaval
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
National Park ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Gravel Layer ◽  
Photo Collection ◽  
Frequency Of Resonance ◽  
Teton Range

Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) testing was completed at two cross sections in and around GTNP. The HVSR testing produced reliable estimates of the fundamental frequencies for many of the sites tested. The goal of the testing was to determine a depth of soil above competent bedrock. However the fundamental frequencies recorded yielded predicted depths that are much shallower than expected. Also the predicted depths did not increase at greater distance from the Teton Range, which would be expected at these sites. Based on these predictions the authors do not believe the frequencies recorded are a good indication of the depth of the soil above bedrock but instead it is believed that the depths correspond with a layer of softer topsoil/overburden above a stiffer gravel layer. Although the goal of measuring the depth of soil above bedrock was not met, HVSR produced results that may be useful to others for determination of a fundamental frequency of resonance at our testing locations.   Featured photo by Anna Cressman, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection. https://flic.kr/p/2jjWZGT

Development of a Vs30 (NEHRP) map for the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Motazedian ◽  
J. A. Hunter ◽  
A. Pugin ◽  
H. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Wave Impedance ◽  
Seismic Methods ◽  
The City

Four different seismic methods were used extensively to evaluate the shear wave velocity of soils and rock in the city of Ottawa, Canada, from which the travel-time weighted average shear wave velocity (Vs) from surface to 30 m in depth (Vs30) and the fundamental frequency (F0) were computed. Three main geological or geotechnical units were identified with distinct shear wave velocities: these consist of very loose thick post-glacial fine-grained sands, silts, and clays (Vs <150 m/s, thickness up to 110 m), firm glacial sediments (Vs ∼580 m/s, thickness ∼3 m), and very firm bedrock (Vs ∼1750–3550 m/s). The seismic methods applied were downhole interval Vs measurements at 15 borehole sites, seismic refraction–reflection profile measurements for 686 sites, high-resolution shear wave reflection “landstreamer” profiling for 25 km in total, and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) of ambient seismic noise to evaluate the fundamental frequency for ∼400 sites. Most of these methods are able to distinguish the very high shear wave impedance of and depth to bedrock. Sparse earthquake recordings show that the soil amplification is large for weak motion when the soil behaves linearly.

A study of horizontal-to-vertical component spectral ratio as a proxy for site classification in central Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (2) ◽  
pp. 1355-1377
Author(s):  
Farhad Sedaghati ◽  
Sahar Rahpeyma ◽  
Anooshiravan Ansari ◽  
Shahram Pezeshk ◽  
Mehdi Zare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Gaussian Shape ◽  
Resonance Frequencies

SUMMARY Tien Shan of central Asia is known as one of the world's largest, youngest and most active intracontinental orogens. In this study, we implemented the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique as a widely used first-order approximation of the site effect parameters (i.e. fundamental frequency and site amplification). A set of data including 2119 strong-motion recordings from 468 earthquakes with hypocentral distances up to 500 km and small to moderate moment magnitudes ($ {M_{\rm{w}}}\sim $3.0–5.5) recorded by 24 broad-band stations from five different networks, located in Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan was deployed to investigate site-specific characteristics. We fitted a Gaussian-shape pulse function to evaluate fundamental frequencies and site amplifications. The HVSRs analysis revealed that although the majority of the stations (16 out of 24) show flat amplification functions, there are few stations with single sharp amplification functions. Then, we classified the stations based on the predominant frequency. Furthermore, we approximated the time-averaged shear wave velocity in the uppermost 30 m (${V_{{\rm{S}}30}}$) using the fundamental frequency and its corresponding amplitude. Moreover, we compared the HVSRs obtained from P waves, S waves, coda and pre-event noise. All peak frequencies including the fundamental frequency estimated from different seismic phases are in good agreement; whereas generally, the amplitude of the P-wave window is the lowest, the amplitudes of the S wave and noise windows are similar to the whole record and the amplitudes of early and late coda windows are the highest. We also observed that the HVSRs of noise using a 5 s window may have anomalous high amplitudes and peaks. These anomalous high amplitudes and peaks in the noise HVSRs indicate the existence of some unnatural sources or artefacts such as traffic and wind with specific resonance frequencies, suggesting 5 s ambient noise window is insufficient to capture site characteristics. Finally, to assess the reliability of the determined geotechnical results, we implemented a blind theoretical HVSR inversion to obtain representative shear wave velocity profiles as well as ${V_{{\rm{S}}30}}$ along with associated uncertainties for stations characterized by a single-peak HVSR curve using a Bayesian statistical framework.

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