scholarly journals Gliadin proteolytical resistant peptides: the interplay between structure and self-assembly in gluten-related disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Georgina Herrera ◽  
Veronica Isabel Dodero
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Biophysical Characterization ◽  
Gut Mucosa ◽  
Gliadin Peptides ◽  
Wheat Sensitivity

Abstract In recent years, the evaluation of the structural properties of food has become of crucial importance in the understanding of food-related disorders. One of the most exciting systems is gliadin, a protein in wheat gluten, that plays a protagonist role in gluten-related disorders with a worldwide prevalence of 5%, including autoimmune celiac disease (CeD) (1%) and non-celiac wheat sensitivity (0.5–13%). It is accepted that gliadin is not fully digested by humans, producing large peptides that reach the gut mucosa. The gliadin peptides cross the lamina propria eliciting different immune responses in susceptible patients. Many clinical and biomedical efforts aim to diagnose and understand gluten-related disorders; meanwhile, the early stages of the inflammatory events remain elusive. Interestingly, although the primary sequence of many gliadin peptides is well known, it was only recently revealed the self-assembly capability of two pathogenic gliadin fragments and their connection to the early stage of diseases. This review is dedicated to the most relevant biophysical characterization of the complex gliadin digest and the two most studied gliadin fragments, the immunodominant 33-mer peptide and the toxic p31-43 in connection with inflammation and innate immune response. Here, we want to emphasize that combining different biophysical methods with cellular and in vivo models is of key importance to get an integrative understanding of a complex biological problem, as discussed here.

scholarly journals Two Decades of Triazine Dendrimers

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4774
Author(s):  
Eric E. Simanek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Tumor Subtypes ◽  
Gas Streams

For two decades, methods for the synthesis and characterization of dendrimers based on [1,3,5]-triazine have been advanced by the group. Motivated by the desire to generate structural complexity on the periphery, initial efforts focused on convergent syntheses, which yielded pure materials to generation three. To obtain larger generations of dendrimers, divergent strategies were pursued using iterative reactions of monomers, sequential additions of triazine and diamines, and ultimately, macromonomers. Strategies for the incorporation of bioactive molecules using non-covalent and covalent strategies have been explored. These bioactive materials included small molecule drugs, peptides, and genetic material. In some cases, these constructs were examined in both in vitro and in vivo models with a focus on targeting prostate tumor subtypes with paclitaxel conjugates. In the materials realm, the use of triazine dendrimers anchored on solid surfaces including smectite clay, silica, mesoporous alumina, polystyrene, and others was explored for the separation of volatile organics from gas streams or the sequestration of atrazine from solution. The combination of these organics with metal nanoparticles has been probed. The goal of this review is to summarize these efforts.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Ta–GelMA–BG Scaffolds by Chemical Crosslinking Processing for Promotion Osteointegration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujian Zhao ◽  
Xiongfa Ji ◽  
Yang Yan ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Chemical Crosslinking ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Proliferation

The repair of bone defects in load-bearing positions still faces great challenges. Tantalum (Ta) has attempted to repair bone defects based on the excellent mechanical properties. However, the osseointegration of Ta needs to be improved due to the lack of osteoinduction. Herein, tantalum–gelatin–methacryloyl–bioactive glass (Ta–GelMA–BG) scaffolds were successfully fabricated by loading BG in 3D-printed Ta scaffolds through a chemical crosslinking method. The results showed that the composite scaffolds have the ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. The incorporation of BG resulted in a significant increase in apatite-forming and osteogenesis differentiation abilities. In vivo results indicated that the Ta–GelMA–BG scaffolds significantly enhanced the osteointegration at the early stage after implantation. Overall, the Ta–GelMA–BG scaffolds are a promising platform for the load bearing bone regeneration field.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Potent, Selective Nrf2 Activator, 3-(Pyridin-3-Ylsulfonyl)-5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2H-Chromen-2-One, in Cellular and In Vivo Models of Pulmonary Oxidative Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 363 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Yonchuk ◽  
Joseph P. Foley ◽  
Brian J. Bolognese ◽  
Gregory Logan ◽  
William E. Wixted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Nrf2 Activator

scholarly journals Characterization of bone resorption in novel in vitro and in vivo models of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral Oncology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea K. Martin ◽  
Wessel P. Dirksen ◽  
Sherry T. Shu ◽  
Jillian L. Werbeck ◽  
Nanda K. Thudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
In Vivo Models

In vivo Biophysical Characterization of Skin Physiological Differences in Races

Dermatology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Berardesca ◽  
J. de Rigal ◽  
J.L. Leveque ◽  
H.I. Maibach
Keyword(s):  
Biophysical Characterization ◽  
Physiological Differences

scholarly journals DNA-dependent macromolecular condensation drives self-assembly of the meiotic DNA break machinery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corentin Claeys Bouuaert ◽  
Stephen Pu ◽  
Juncheng Wang ◽  
Dinshaw J. Patel ◽  
Scott Keeney
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Breakage ◽  
And Control

Formation of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by Spo11 is tightly regulated and tied to chromosome structure, but the higher-order assemblies that execute and control DNA breakage are poorly understood. We address this question through molecular characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RMM proteins (Rec114, Mei4 and Mer2)—essential, conserved components of the DSB machinery. Each subcomplex of Rec114–Mei4 (2:1 heterotrimer) or Mer2 (homotetrameric coiled coil) is monodisperse in solution, but they independently condense with DNA into dynamic, reversible nucleoprotein clusters that share properties with phase-separated systems. Multivalent interactions drive condensation, which correlates with DSB formation in vivo. Condensates fuse into mixed Rec114–Mei4–Mer2 clusters that further recruit Spo11 complexes. Our data show how the DSB machinery self-assembles on chromosome axes to create centers of DSB activity. We propose that multilayered control of Spo11 arises from recruitment of regulatory components and modulation of biophysical properties of the condensates.

scholarly journals New insights on microRNAs in diabetic nephropathy: potential biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sergeevna Kamyshova ◽  
Irina Nikolaevna Bobkova ◽  
Irina Mikhailovna Kutyrina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
New Biomarkers

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus associated with the progressive deterioration of renal function. Although microalbuminuria is considered as a gold standard for DN diagnosis, it has limited predictive powers and specificity as a diagnostic tool for the early stage of DN. Therefore, new biomarkers are required for the early detection of DN. Studies using in vitro and in vivo models of DN have revealed an important role of microRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNAs that modulate physiological and pathological processes by inhibiting target gene expression, in DN development. Recent studies have shown that the dysregulation of miRNAs, which is associated with the key features of DN, such as the mesangial expansion and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, is related to fibrosis and glomerular dysfunction. Thus, the up- and downregulation of miRNA expression in the renal tissue or biological fluids, including urine, may represent new biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of DN progression. In this review, we highlight the significance of miRNAs as biomarkers for the early detection of DN and emphasise their potential role as a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Nanomechanics and co-transcriptional folding of Spinach and Mango

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaba Mitra ◽  
Taekjip Ha
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Rna Aptamers ◽  
Biophysical Characterization ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Discrete Step ◽  
Force Relaxation ◽  
G Quadruplex ◽  
And Function

Abstract Recent advances in fluorogen-binding “light-up” RNA aptamers have enabled protein-free detection of RNA in cells. Detailed biophysical characterization of folding of G-Quadruplex (GQ)-based light-up aptamers such as Spinach, Mango and Corn is still lacking despite the potential implications on their folding and function. In this work we employ single-molecule fluorescence-force spectroscopy to examine mechanical responses of Spinach2, iMangoIII and MangoIV. Spinach2 unfolds in four discrete steps as force is increased to 7 pN and refolds in reciprocal steps upon force relaxation. In contrast, GQ-core unfolding in iMangoIII and MangoIV occurs in one discrete step at forces >10 pN and refolding occurred at lower forces showing hysteresis. Co-transcriptional folding using superhelicases shows reduced misfolding propensity and allowed a folding pathway different from refolding. Under physiologically relevant pico-Newton levels of force, these aptamers may unfold in vivo and subsequently misfold. Understanding of the dynamics of RNA aptamers will aid engineering of improved fluorogenic modules for cellular applications.

Abstract B43: Characterization of ovarian cancer cells as in vivo models for preclinical studies.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Hernandez ◽  
Marianne K. Kim ◽  
L Tiffany Lyle ◽  
Patricia S. Steeg ◽  
Christina M. Annunziata
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
In Vivo Models
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document