The choice architecture of privacy decision-making

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Dan Ariely ◽  
Aline Holzwarth
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Choice Architecture

CHOICE ARCHITECTURE IN SHAKESPEARE’S PUBLIC MEETINGS: NUDGE THEORY AND RICHARD III, CORIOLANUS, AND JULIUS CAESAR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceri Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Behavioural Economics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Choice Architecture ◽  
Group Norms ◽  
Richard Iii ◽  
Public Meetings

Abstract The political and dramatic intentions behind the use of appeals to the early modern public (on and off stage) have already been examined by Shakespeareans. This article points out the technical workings of such appeals by using two new areas of research on decision-making: the ethnography of public meetings and behavioural economics on how to influence choosers. These theories can illuminate the strategies used by the tribunes in handling the citizens of Coriolanus, by Antony in dealing with the plebeians in Julius Caesar, and by Buckingham and Richard when gathering support from the Londoners in Richard III. Using six common psychological biases (anchor-and-adjust, availability, representativeness, priming, arousal, and group norms), Shakespeare’s politicians prompt their hearers to change their minds: a celebrity warrior is recast as a wily tyrant, an execution as a murder, and a regent as the legitimate king.

scholarly journals Choosing Among Options Presented Sequentially or Simultaneously

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankha Basu ◽  
Krishna Savani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Experimental Economics ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Choice Architecture ◽  
Processing Styles ◽  
Presentation Formats

When choosing among multiple options, people can view the options either one at a time or all together. In this article, we review an emerging stream of research that examines the ways in which viewing options sequentially as opposed to simultaneously influences people’s decisions. Multiple studies support the idea that viewing options simultaneously encourages people to compare the options and to focus on the ways in which the options differ from each other. In contrast, viewing options sequentially encourages people to process each option holistically by comparing the option with previously encountered options or a subjective reference point. Integrating research from judgment and decision making, consumer behavior, experimental economics, and eyewitness identification, we identify ways in which the different processing styles elicited by sequential- and simultaneous-presentation formats influence people’s judgment and decision making. This issue is particularly important because presenting options either sequentially or simultaneously is a key element of choice architecture.

The Power of Sequence

2021 ◽  
pp. 309-326
Author(s):  
Christopher Brett Jaeger ◽  
Jennifer S. Trueblood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Choice Architecture ◽  
Intellectual Origins ◽  
Rational Decisions

Researchers have documented numerous cognitive biases that are difficult to reconcile with rational choice theory. But is there a more general set of decision-making rules that might account for these cognitive biases and ‘rational’ decisions alike? Psychologists in search of such rules have developed a theory of quantum decision making. This chapter introduces quantum decision making to a legal audience, explains its intellectual origins, and identifies some contexts in which it provides useful tools for legal theorists. Using the example of a juror evaluating a criminal case, the chapter illustrates how quantum decision making explains and predicts phenomena that are difficult to reconcile with other theories of choice. More generally, quantum decision making highlights the importance of sequence in shaping judgments and decisions—and thus, its importance in law’s choice architecture.

scholarly journals Reducing the Consumer Attitude–Behaviour Gap in Animal Welfare: The Potential Role of ‘Nudges’

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Vigors
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Choice Architecture ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare

Citizen concern for the welfare of farm animals is well documented. However, there is a notable gap between people saying they want improved farm animal welfare and how they actually behave as a consumer. This is known as the citizen–consumer attitude–behaviour gap. As improvements in farm animal welfare can be affected by market demand, the choices consumers make become important. This paper introduces the concept of ‘nudging’ and discusses how it could be applied to reduce the attitude–behaviour gap amongst consumers. By designing the choice environment to better reflect the behavioural biases known to impact human decision-making, ‘nudge’ tools function to prompt individuals to make choices that are aligned with their stated intentions. Four ‘nudge’ tools: self-nudges, choice architecture, social norms and pre-commitments are discussed. The behavioural rationales for their use are reviewed and examples of how they might be applied to animal welfare provided. Improved farm animal welfare arguably requires improved pro-welfare consumer behaviour. This paper highlights how this might be encouraged by: self-nudging the salience of an ethical self-image; altering the choice architecture to influence decision-making; articulating social norms to impact behaviour; and using pre-commitment devices to overcome self-control issues.

scholarly journals Choice Architecture to Improve Financial Decision Making

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Carpenter ◽  
Emiliano Huet-Vaughn ◽  
Peter Hans Matthews ◽  
Andrea Robbett ◽  
Dustin Beckett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Welfare Analysis ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Choice Architecture ◽  
Financial Decision Making ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Financial Decision

We exploit the principles of choice architecture to evaluate interventions in the market for reloadable prepaid cards. Participants are randomized into three card menu presentation treatments—the market status quo, a regulation-inspired reform, or an enhanced reform designed to minimize attribute overload—and offered choices based on prior structural estimation of individual preferences. Consumers routinely choose incorrectly under the status quo, with tentative evidence that the regulation-inspired presentation may increase best card choice and clear evidence that the enhanced reform reduces worst card choice. Welfare analysis suggests the regulation-inspired presentation offers modest gains, while the enhanced policy generates substantial benefits.

Reflections on . . . Leading x Nudging

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Mower ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Choice Architecture ◽  
Interactive Dynamic ◽  
Ethical Systems

I develop a taxonomy of various approaches to leadership which I label the ethical decision-making, managerial obligation, role typology, and creativity conceptions of leadership. Each approach makes distinctive assumptions about the task and educational responsibilities in educating for ethical leadership. Although each of these approaches are extremely valuable, I find them limited in that they all rely on what I call an agentic model. Using the concepts of choice architects and choice architecture from nudge theory, I argue for a new metaphysical model—a systems-design model—that captures the complex and interactive dynamic of a host of metaphysical entities and contextual factors. This new metaphysical model of the context of leadership and the function of leaders within it yields a theory of leadership, which I dub the ethical systems-design conception of leadership.

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