Ga-(Nb+Ta)-(Nb/Ta)(Zr/Hf) Ternary Diagram: An Excellent Tool for Discriminating Barren and Ta-Hosting Granite-Pegmatite Systems

It has been recently demonstrated that yttrium oxyhydride(YHO) films can exhibit reversible photochromic properties when exposed to illumination at ambient conditions. This switchable optical propertyenables their utilization in many technological applications, such as smart windows, sensors, goggles, medical devices, etc. However, how the composition of the films affects their optical properties is not fully clear and therefore demands a straightforward investigation. In this work, the composition of YHO films manufactured by reactive magnetron sputtering under different conditions is deduced in a ternary diagram from Time-of-Flight Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ToF-ERDA). The results suggest that stable compounds are formed with a specificchemical formula – YH<sub>2-δ</sub>O<sub>δ</sub>. In addition, optical and electrical properties of the films are investigated, and a correlation with their compositions is established. The corresponding photochromic response is found in a specific oxygen concentration range (0.45 < δ < 1.5) with maximum and minimum of magnitude on the lower and higher border, respectively.

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Vacations for Blind People: A Valuable Rehabilitation Tool

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ◽

10.1177/0145482x8107500106 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 21-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N.J. Cook

Keyword(s):

Daily Living ◽

Blind People ◽

Personal Care ◽

Practical Advice ◽

Self Help ◽

Excellent Tool ◽

Self Help Group

Drawing on the experience of the Association for the Blind in Victoria, Australia, gives practical advice on how to organize the various details that need attention in order to ensure a successful and happy vacation for elderly blind people. Such vacations are not only enjoyable in themselves, but are also an excellent tool for rehabilitation. Blind people are challenged to practice and learn in new environments their mobility techniques, daily living, and personal care skills. The holiday makers function as a self-help group, while spouses and other sighted guides gain new insights into helping blind people.

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Layer thickness optimization of ceramic composite for body armor by considering volume, weight, and cost

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/09544062211015791 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440622110157

Author(s):

Yuksel Palaci ◽

Mustafa M Arikan

Keyword(s):

Silicon Nitride ◽

Boron Carbide ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Ceramic Composite ◽

Material Selection ◽

Composite Layer ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Ternary Diagram ◽

Body Armor ◽

Volume Weight

This study investigates visualization of optimized layer thickness with a ternary diagram by considering Volume, Weight, and Cost priorities to determine the composite structure of alternative ceramics to use in body armor application by using the Digital Logic Method (DLM). Three criterion priorities (volume, weight, cost) have been investigated to help designers decide on optimum ceramic material for their applications. Alumina (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), and boron carbide (B4C) were analyzed and ranked to decide for material selection based on priorities. The analysis results showed that silicon nitride (Si3N4) had the maximum performance index (PI) point (80.0) based on the volume priority. On the other hand, while boron carbide (B4C) had the maximum PI point (76.4) in terms of the weight priority, alumina (Al2O3) was determined to be the best material according to the cost priority. PI point of alumina (Al2O3) was calculated as 100. A ternary diagram was developed for decision-makers to visualize material selection performances. The optimization of the ceramic composite layer thickness of the alternative ceramic materials is visualized by considering three criteria.

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A Ternary Map of Ni–Mn–Ga Heusler Alloys from Ab Initio Calculations

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11060973 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 973

Author(s):

Yulia Sokolovskaya ◽

Olga Miroshkina ◽

Danil Baigutlin ◽

Vladimir Sokolovskiy ◽

Mikhail Zagrebin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Principles ◽

Predictive Power ◽

Computational Study ◽

Heusler Alloys ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Ternary Diagram ◽

Compositional Stability ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Simultaneous Stability ◽

Tetragonal Martensite

In the search for new magnetic functional materials, non-stoichiometric compounds remain a relatively unexplored territory. While experimentalists create new compositions looking for improved functional properties, their work is not guided by systematic theoretical predictions. Being designed for perfect periodic crystals, the majority of first-principles approaches struggle with the concept of a non-stoichiometric system. In this work, we attempt a systematic computational study of magnetic and structural properties of Ni–Mn–Ga, mapped onto ternary composition diagrams. Compositional stability was examined using the convex hull analysis. We show that the cubic austenite has its stability region close to the stoichiometric Ni2MnGa, in agreement with experimental data, while the tetragonal martensite spreads its stability over a wider range of Mn and Ni contents. The unstable compositions in both austenite and martensite states are located in the Ga-rich corner of the ternary diagram. We note that simultaneous stability of the austenite and martensite should be considered for potentially stable compounds suitable for synthesis. The majority of compounds are predicted to be ferrimagnetically ordered in both austenitic and martensitic states. The methodology used in this work is computationally tractable, yet it delivers some predictive power. For experimentalists who plan to synthesize stable Ni–Mn–Ga compounds with ferromagnetic order, we narrow the target compositional range substantially.

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Perfume and Flavor Engineering: A Chemical Engineering Perspective

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3095

Author(s):

Alírio E. Rodrigues ◽

Idelfonso Nogueira ◽

Rui P.V. Faria

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Model ◽

Chemical Engineering ◽

Reaction Engineering ◽

Ternary Diagram ◽

Future Research ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Liquid Equilibrium ◽

Research Directions ◽

Future Research Directions

In the last two decades, scientific methodologies for the prediction of the design, performance and classification of fragrance mixtures have been developed at the Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering. This review intends to give an overview of such developments. It all started with the question: what do we smell? The Perfumery Ternary Diagram enables us to determine the dominant odor for each perfume composition. Evaporation and 1D diffusion model is analyzed based on vapor-liquid equilibrium and Fick’s law for diffusion giving access to perfume performance parameters. The effect of matrix and skin is addressed and the trail of perfumes analyzed. Classification of perfumes with the perfumery radar is discussed. The methodology is extended to flavor and taste engineering. Finally, future research directions are suggested.

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Vascular Inflammation and Dysfunction in Lupus-Prone Mice-IL-6 as Mediator of Disease Initiation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2291

Author(s):

Paul Marczynski ◽

Myriam Meineck ◽

Ning Xia ◽

Huige Li ◽

Daniel Kraus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Vascular Dysfunction ◽

Vascular Inflammation ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Leukocytic Infiltration ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Altered Immune Status ◽

Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease ◽

Excellent Tool

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease and patients are under an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality. The increased CV risk for patients with SLE seems to be caused by a premature and accelerated atherosclerosis, attributable to lupus-specific risk factors (i.e., increased systemic inflammation, altered immune status), apart from traditional CV risk factors. To date, there is no established experimental model to explore the pathogenesis of this increased CV risk in SLE patients. Methods: Here we investigated whether MRL-Faslpr mice, which develop an SLE-like phenotype, may serve as a model to study lupus-mediated vascular disease. Therefore, MRL-Faslpr, MRL-++, and previously generated Il6−/− MRL-Faslpr mice were used to evaluate vascular changes and possible mechanisms of vascular dysfunction and damage. Results: Contrary to MRL-++ control mice, lupus-prone MRL-Faslpr mice exhibited a pronounced vascular and perivascular leukocytic infiltration in various organs; expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the aorta and kidney was augmented; and intima-media thickness of the aorta was increased. IL-6 deficiency reversed these changes and restored aortic relaxation. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the MRL-Faslpr mouse model is an excellent tool to investigate vascular damage in SLE mice. Moreover, IL-6 promotes vascular inflammation and damage and could potentially be a therapeutic target for the treatment of accelerated arteriosclerosis in SLE.

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Treatment for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 with a biomimetic sorbent hemoperfusion device in patients on hemodialysis

Clinical Kidney Journal ◽

10.1093/ckj/sfab010 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Diego A Sandoval ◽

Inés Rama ◽

María Quero ◽

Miguel Hueso ◽

Francisco Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Response ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Good Clinical Response ◽

Simultaneous Treatment ◽

Excellent Tool

Abstract Hemodialysis patients present more morbidity and mortality risk in coronavirus disease 2019. In patients who may develop severe symptoms the process called “viral sepsis” seems to be a crucial mechanism. In those cases, the hemodialysis procedure provides an excellent tool to explore the benefit of some extracorporeal therapies. We reported the outcome of 4 hemodialysis patients with severe COVID-19 treated with Seraph®100 hemoperfusion device. Three of four cases presented a good clinical response after hemoperfusion. In conclusion, the treatment with Seraph®100 device may be a simultaneous treatment to improve the hemodialysis patients with severe SARS-CoV-2.

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Use of Neutron Diffraction for Describing Texture of Isostatically-Pressed Molybdite Powders

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.105.83 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 83-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Sitepu ◽

Heinz Günter Brokmeier

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Neutron Diffraction ◽

Powder Diffraction ◽

Quantitative Description ◽

Neutron Powder Diffraction ◽

Powder Diffraction Data ◽

Neutron Powder Diffraction Data ◽

Pole Figures ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Excellent Tool

The modelling and/or describing of texture (i.e. preferred crystallographic orientation (PO)) is of critical importance in powder diffraction analysis - for structural study and phase composition. In the present study, the GSAS Rietveld refinement with generalized spherical harmonic (GSH) was used for describing isostatically-pressed molybdite powders neutron powder diffraction data collected in the ILL D1A instrument. The results showed that for texture in a single ND data of molybdite the reasonable crystal structure parameters may be obtained when applying corrections to intensities using the GSH description. Furthermore, the WIMV method was used to extract the texture description directly from a simultaneous refinement with 1368 whole neutron diffraction patterns taken from the sample held in a variety of orientations in the ILL D1B texture goniometer. The results provided a quantitative description of the texture refined simultaneously with the crystal structure. Finally, the (002) molybdite pole-figures were measured using the GKSS TEX2 texture goniometer. The results showed that neutron diffraction is an excellent tool to investigate the texture in molybdite.

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Improving the Quality of the Coating at Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Machine Steels in the Zinc Melt with Microadditives of Nickel

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.380 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 685 ◽

pp. 380-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga S. Bondareva ◽

Alexey A. Melnikov

Keyword(s):

Elemental Composition ◽

Zinc Coating ◽

Ternary Diagram ◽

Nickel Concentration ◽

Mechanism Of Formation

The technology of microalloying zinc melt by nickel is widely used to control the thickness of the zinc coating when the machine steels are subject to hot-dip galvanization. However, in some cases inclusions of Ni-Zn-Fe dross are formed on surface of the products, which leads to their deterioration. The aim of this work is to investigate the microstructure, mechanism of formation and elemental composition of this dross. Conditions for the formation of different phases in the coating were analyzed using Ni-Zn-Fe ternary diagram. It was found that Ni-Zn-Fe dross is a ζ-phase containing about 0.5 at. % nickel and isomorphic with FeZn13-phase. The main reasons for the formation of Ni-Zn-Fe dross are Zn-Fe contamination in the melt, the excess nickel concentration (more than 0.06 at.%), and the irregular nickel concentration in the melt. Methods for preventing this type of defects in hot-dip galvanization have been proposed.

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