Effect of K2CO3 as an Additive Agent on the Carbothermic Reduction Process of Silicon Production

The effects and reduction mechanisms of carbothermic reduction of vanadium–titanium–magnetite were studied by adding various mass fractions of CaF2 ranging from 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% to 7%. The results showed that the proper CaF2 addition could strengthen the carbothermic reduction of vanadium–titanium–magnetite while the excessive amounts will weaken the promotive effect, hence the appropriate dosage was determined to be 3 mass%. The CaF2 was favorable for the carbon gasification reaction, where it increased the partial pressure of CO inside briquette and caused the lattice distortion of vanadium–titanium–magnetite. The reaction improved the reduction process and accelerated the reduction rate. The appearance of 3CaO·2SiO2·CaF2 and other complex compounds with low melting point facilitated the aggregation and growth of the slag and the iron, which increased the concentration of iron grains and the aggregation level of the slag.

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The influence of palm kernel shell mass ratio as a reducing agent in the lateritic nickel ore carbothermic reduction process

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/105/1/012016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 012016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Silmina Adzhani ◽

Risty Hidayanti ◽

Ahmad Maksum ◽

Sulaksana Permana ◽

Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono

Keyword(s):

Carbothermic Reduction ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Reducing Agent ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Shell Mass ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Lateritic Nickel

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Kinetics of Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.315 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 852 ◽

pp. 315-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Min Chen ◽

Xuan Xiao ◽

Xue Feng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Kinetic Parameters ◽

Carbothermic Reduction ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Phase Evolution ◽

Reduction Kinetics ◽

Isokinetic Relationship ◽

Exponential Factor ◽

Morphology Change ◽

Kinetics Of

The reduction kinetics of ilmenite was investigated. Phase evolution during the reduction process was identified by XRD and morphology change was observed using SEM. Kinetic parameters of the activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined by Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method and Coast-Redfern method&artificial isokinetic relationship (IKP) respectively. Results showed that when the reaction of titanium suboxides makes a growing contribution, the conversion dependence of activation energy has an ascending trend. When the conversion exceeded 0.7, the reactants almost consumed, and the process was controlled by diffusion.

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Preparation of Phosphorus by Carbothermal Reduction Mechanism in Vacuum

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.268 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 361-363 ◽

pp. 268-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yu Cheng Liu ◽

Qiu Xia Li ◽

Yong Cheng Liu

Keyword(s):

Carbothermal Reduction ◽

Carbothermic Reduction ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Main Reaction ◽

Reduction Mechanism ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Reaction Phase ◽

System Pressure ◽

Increasing Temperature

The purpose of this work was to investigated the carbothermic reaction of fluorapatite process by the means of thermodynamics analyses, XRD and element analysis, respectively. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that phosphorus can be prepared by heating the mixture of Ca5(PO4)3F2 and C at 1173K under the system pressure of 100Pa. CO cannot react with Ca5(PO4)3F2 in the carbothermic reduction process at 973-1873K and 100Pa. Experimental results demonstrated that phosphorus can be produced by the reaction between Ca5(PO4)3F2 and C, the main reaction phase is P2(g), CO(g), CaO and CaF2, and with increasing temperature, the greater degree of response. The best technology conditions, the molar ratio of Ca5(PO4)3F2 to C is 1:7.5 at 1723K for 1h when the system pressure was about 100Pa. This study to provide experimental evidence for preparation of phosphorus by carbothermal reaction of fluorapatite in vacuum.

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Study on Recovering Iron from Smelting Slag by Carbothermic Reduction

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.382.422 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 382 ◽

pp. 422-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ya Long Liao ◽

Xi Juan Chai ◽

Jiang Tao Li ◽

Dong Bo Li

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Carbothermic Reduction ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Oxygen Anion ◽

Smelting Slag ◽

Reaction Atmosphere ◽

Positive Ion ◽

Silicon Oxygen

In order to recover the iron in copper smelting slag quenched with water in smelters, carbothermic reduction was adopted to reduce the iron oxide existing in different phase such as fayalite,vitreous and magnetite in the slag to metal iron. In the optimum conditions, it was demonstrated that the metallization efficiency of iron could reach more than 86.1%. Furthermore in the process the calcium carbonate is used not only as desulfurization agent，but also as accelerated gasification of solid carbon，which improved the ratio of CO among reaction atmosphere and enhanced the reduction rate of iron oxide as well as increased the metallization rate of iron．In addition this study proved that the combination ability between calcium positive ion and silicon oxygen anion is bigger than that between iron positive ion and silicon oxygen anion. As a result SiO2 combined with CaO and FeO existed in a form of freedom state which guaranteed the reduction process went with a swing.

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Germanium-based multiphase material as a high-capacity and cycle-stable anode for lithium-ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra19811b ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (92) ◽

pp. 89176-89180 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dohyoung Kwon ◽

Sinho Choi ◽

Guoxiu Wang ◽

Soojin Park

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Carbothermic Reduction ◽

High Capacity ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

High Electrical Conductivity ◽

Capacity Retention ◽

Multiphase Material

Cu-incorporated porous Ge-based anodes with high electrical conductivity are prepared by a simple carbothermic reduction process of CuGeO3. The Cu–Ge-based anodes exhibit outstanding capacity retention at 25 °C and 60 °C.

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