The Neurochemical Characterization of Parasympathetic Nerve Fibers in the Porcine Uterine Wall Under Physiological Conditions and After Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA)

Bisphenol A (BPA), a substance commonly used in the manufacture of plastics, shows multidirectional negative effects on humans and animals. Due to similarities to estrogens, BPA initially leads to disorders in the reproductive system. On the other hand, it is known that neuregulin 1 (NRG-1) is an active substance which enhances the survivability of cells, inhibits apoptosis, and protects tissues against damaging factors. Because the influence of BPA on the nervous system has also been described, the aim of the present study was to investigate for the first time the influence of various doses of BPA on neuregulin 1-like immunoreactive (NRG-1-LI) nerves located in the porcine uterus using the routine single- and double-immunofluorescence technique. The obtained results have shown that BPA increases the number and affects the neurochemical characterization of NRG-1-LI in the uterus, and changes are visible even under the impact of small doses of this toxin. The character of observed changes depended on the dose of BPA and the part of the uterus studied. These observations suggest that NRG-1 in nerves supplying the uterus may play roles in adaptive and protective mechanisms under the impact of BPA.

Download Full-text

Neurochemical characterization of the enteric neurons within the porcine jejunum in physiological conditions and under the influence of bisphenol A (BPA)

Neurogastroenterology & Motility ◽

10.1111/nmo.13580 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. e13580 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kamila Szymanska ◽

Slawomir Gonkowski

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Enteric Neurons ◽

Physiological Conditions

Download Full-text

The effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on sympathetic nerve fibers in the uterine wall of the domestic pig

Reproductive Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.12.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

pp. 39-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rytel Liliana ◽

Gonkowski Slawomir ◽

Janowski Tomasz ◽

Wojtkiewicz Joanna ◽

Pomianowski Andrzej

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Sympathetic Nerve ◽

Uterine Wall ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Domestic Pig ◽

Sympathetic Nerve Fibers

Download Full-text

Neurochemical characterization of nerve fibers in the porcine gallbladder wall under physiological conditions and after the administration ofSalmonella enteritidislipopolysaccharides (LPS)

Toxicology Research ◽

10.1039/c7tx00211d ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 73-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Krystyna Makowska ◽

Anita Mikolajczyk ◽

Jaroslaw Calka ◽

Slawomir Gonkowski

Keyword(s):

Cellular Membrane ◽

Gallbladder Wall ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Bacterial Endotoxin ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Physiological Conditions

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS, bacterial endotoxin) are a component of the cellular membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which is known as an important pathological factor.

Download Full-text

Neuregulin 1 (NRG-1) as a neuronal active substance in the porcine intrahepatic nerve fibers in physiological conditions and under the influence of bisphenol A (BPA)

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2020-0038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liliana Rytel ◽

Marcelo Alarcón Lozano ◽

Slawomir Gonkowski

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Liver Damage ◽

Living Organism ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Neuregulin 1 ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

High Doses ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is a substance commonly used in the production of plastics. Previous studies have described that it shows multidirectional harmful effects on the living organism. It is known that BPA causes liver damage, but knowledge about the roles of intrahepatic nerves in these mechanisms is extremely scanty. On the other hand, the exact roles of some neuronal substances in the nervous structures located in the liver still remain unknown. One of such substances, which is allocated a role in the stimulation of cell survival is neuregulin 1 (NRG-1). The aim of the present studies was to investigate the distribution of NRG-1 -like immunoreactive (NRG-1-LI) nerves in the liver in physiological conditions and under the influence of various doses of BPA using routine double immunofluorescence staining. The results (for the first time) show the presence of NRG-1 in the intrahepatic nerves, and co-localization of NGR-1 with neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Moreover, it has been observed that high doses of BPA increases the density of NRG-1-LI intrahepatic nerves and the degree of co-localization of NRG-1 with VIP. These observations suggest that NRG-1 located in intrahepatic nerves may play functions in processes connected with liver damage and/or regeneration under the impact of BPA.

Download Full-text

Characterization of Estrogenic and Androgenic Activities for Bisphenol A-like Chemicals (BPs): In Vitro Estrogen and Androgen Receptors Transcriptional Activation, Gene Regulation, and Binding Profiles

Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (CEBS) ◽

10.22427/ntp-data-002-00060-0001-0000-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kenneth Korach

Keyword(s):

Gene Regulation ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Androgen Receptors

Download Full-text

Changes Caused by Low Doses of Bisphenol A (BPA) in the Neuro-Chemistry of Nerves Located in the Porcine Heart

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 780

Author(s):

Krystyna Makowska ◽

Slawomir Gonkowski

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Endocrine Disruptor ◽

Sympathetic Innervation ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Everyday Objects ◽

Living Organisms ◽

The Impact ◽

Heart Wall ◽

Cholinergic Structures

Bisphenol A (BPA) contained in plastics used in the production of various everyday objects may leach from these items and contaminate food, water and air. As an endocrine disruptor, BPA negatively affects many internal organs and systems. Exposure to BPA also contributes to heart and cardiovascular system dysfunction, but many aspects connected with this activity remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of BPA in a dose of 0.05 mg/kg body weight/day (in many countries such a dose is regarded as a tolerable daily intake–TDI dose of BPA–completely safe for living organisms) on the neurochemical characterization of nerves located in the heart wall using the immunofluorescence technique. The obtained results indicate that BPA (even in such a relatively low dose) increases the number of nerves immunoreactive to neuropeptide Y, substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase (used here as a marker of sympathetic innervation). However, BPA did not change the number of nerves immunoreactive to vesicular acetylcholine transporter (used here as a marker of cholinergic structures). These observations suggest that changes in the heart innervation may be at the root of BPA-induced circulatory disturbances, as well as arrhythmogenic and/or proinflammatory effects of this endocrine disruptor. Moreover, changes in the neurochemical characterization of nerves in the heart wall may be the first sign of exposure to BPA.

Download Full-text