Hydrochemical characteristics and genesis analysis of geothermal fluid in the Zhaxikang geothermal field in Cuona County, southern Tibet

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchun Wang ◽  
Hongyu Gu ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Min Lyu ◽  
Lianghua Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Southern Tibet ◽  
Geothermal Fluid

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Geothermal Fluids in the Chabu High-Temperature Geothermal System, Southern Tibet

Geofluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
G. L. Wang ◽  
H. N. Gan ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
D. W. Nan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Southern Tibet ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
South Central ◽  
Geothermal Fluids

This study defines reasonable reservoir temperatures and cooling processes of subsurface geothermal fluids in the Chabu high-temperature geothermal system. This system lies in the south-central part of the Shenzha-Xietongmen hydrothermal active belt and develops an extensive sinter platform with various and intense hydrothermal manifestations. All the geothermal spring samples collected systematically from the sinter platform are divided into three groups by cluster analysis of major elements. Samples of group 1 and group 3 are distributed in the central part and northern periphery of the sinter platform, respectively, while samples of group 2 are scattered in the transitional zone between groups 1 and 3. The hydrochemical characteristics show that the geothermal waters of the research area have generally mixed with shallow cooler waters in reservoirs. The reasonable reservoir temperatures and the mixing processes of the subsurface geothermal fluids could be speculated by combining the hydrochemical characteristics of geothermal springs, calculated results of the chemical geothermometers, and silica-enthalpy mixing models. Contour maps are applied to measured emerging temperatures, mass flow rates, total dissolved solids of spring samples, and reasonable subsurface temperatures. They indicate that the major cooling processes of the subsurface geothermal fluids gradually transform from adiabatic boiling to conduction from the central part to the peripheral belt. The geothermal reservoir temperatures also show an increasing trend. The point with the highest reservoir temperature (256°C) appears in the east-central part of the research area, which might be the main up-flow zone. The cooling processes of the subsurface geothermal fluids in the research area can be shown on an enthalpy-chloride plot. The deep parent fluid for the Chabu geothermal field has a Cl− concentration of 290 mg/L and an enthalpy of 1550 J/g (with a water temperature of 369°C).

Feasibility, Design and authorization of a zero-emission Geothermal Power Plant in Italy; Case Study: “Montenero” Project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Basile ◽  
Roberto Brogi ◽  
Favaro Lorenzo ◽  
Tiziana Mazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Geothermal Reservoir ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Geothermal Fluid ◽  
Geothermal Power Plant ◽  
Green Power ◽  
Geothermal Power

<p><span><span>Social consensus is a </span><span>condition precedent for any intervention having an impact on the territory, such as geothermal power plants. Therefore, private investors studied and proposed innovative solution for the exploitation of the medium enthalpy geothermal resource, with “zero emissions” in atmosphere, with the target of minimizing its environmental impact. “Montenero” project, developed by GESTO Italia, complies with this precondition.</span></span></p><p><span><span>The area covered b</span><span>y the exploration and exploitation permit is located on the northern edge of the great geothermal anomaly of Mt. Amiata (Tuscany), about 10 km north of the geothermal field of Bagnore, included in the homonymous Concession of Enel Green Power.</span></span></p><p><span><span>The geological - structural setting of the area around the inactive volc</span><span>ano of Mt. Amiata has been characterized by researches for the geothermal field of Bagnore, carried out by Enel Green Power over the years. The geothermal reservoir is present in the limestone and evaporitic rocks of the “Falda Toscana”, below which stands the Metamorphic Basement, as testified by the wells of geothermal field of Bagnore. The foreseen reservoir temperature at the target depth of 1.800 m is 140 °C, with an incondensable gas content of 1,8% by weight.</span></span></p><p><span><span>The project was presented to the authorities in 2013 and it is </span><span>now undergoing exploitation authorization and features the construction of a 5 MW ORC (Organic Ranking Circle) binary power plant. The plant is fed by three production wells for a total mass flow rate of 700 t/h. The geothermal fluid is pumped by three ESPs (Electrical Submersible Pump) keeping the geothermal fluid in liquid state from the extraction through the heat exchangers to its final reinjection three wells.</span></span></p><p><span><span>The reinjection temperature is 70 °C and the circuit pressure is maintained above the </span><span>incondensable gas bubble pressure, i.e. 40 bar, condition which prevents also the formation of calcium carbonate scaling. The confinement of the geothermal fluid in a “closed loop system” is an important advantage from the environmental point of view: possible pollutants presented inside the geothermal fluid are not released into the environment and are directly reinjected in geothermal reservoir.</span></span></p><p><span><span>The </span><span>environmental authorization procedure (obtained) has taken into account all the environmental aspects concerning the natural matrices (air, water, ground, ...) potentially affected by the activities needed for the development, construction and operation of “Montenero” ORC geothermal power plant. A numerical modeling was designed and applied in order to estimate the effect of the cultivation activity and to assess the reinjection overpressure (seismic effect evaluation). The project also follows the “best practices” implemented in Italy by the “Guidelines for the usage of medium and high enthalpy geothermal resources” prepared in cooperation between the Ministry of Economic Development and the Ministry of the Environment.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals THE APPLICATION OF THE TRANSIENT EM METHOD INTO THE GEOTHERMAL FIELD EXPLORATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Π. Κάρμης ◽  
Γ. Βαργεμέζης ◽  
Η. Παπαδόπουλος ◽  
Π. Τσούρλος
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Geothermal Fluid ◽  
Geothermal Fields ◽  
Em Method ◽  
Time Domain Electromagnetic ◽  
Tem Method ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
First Time

In this work we examine the potential of the time-domain electromagnetic method (Transient EM) in the exploration of geothermal field and the study of the geological environment. The method was applied in the geothermal field of Aristino (Alexandroupolis), westwards of the Traianoupolis, where the known hot springs exist. The EM method and more specifically magnetotellurics (MT), it has been applied in the past in Greece by various researchers, but it is the first time the TEM method is applied for geothermal exploration purposes. As it has been shown by previous works, in the wider region of Aristino an important geothermal field is developed, with geothermal fluid temperature of 30°-90° and high content of dissolved salts of 10gr/lt. These factors result to the appearance of highly conductive geoelectrical anomalies which are directly related to the geothermal field. The existence of two drillholes in the region allowed the calibration and the control of the effectiveness of the TEM method. The geophysical survey has delimited the area of local geothermal interest that is formed by hot aquifer at a relatively shallow depth, extended North of Aristino and between the main faults of the region. The two main faults are responsible for the creation of a tectonic graben in the intermediary region and the development of a highly conductive formation which correlates well with the hot aquifer tank. The geothermal fluid circulates through the faulting system having high temperature caused by the contact with magmatic masses. The application of TEM proved the operational advantages of the method in the geothermal field exploration. The relatively limited number of TEM soundings presented here does not allow the export of safe conclusions regarding the geothermal field of the wider region, although the evaluation of results based on the geological and geoelectrical data of the region is extremely encouraging and justifies the use of the TEM method in the systematic study and mapping of geothermal fields.

A Simulation Code for Single Phase Geothermal Fields

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Maria ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Geothermal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Network ◽  
Steam Turbine Condenser

Abstract This paper presents a design and off-design study of a geothermal field consisting of a number of wells, a steam network which collects the geothermal fluid, and a power plant to generate electricity. The geothermal field considered is located in Italy and the fluid is a mixture of steam and non-condensable gases. The power plant is a conventional type for vapor dominated fields and has a compressor-extractor to remove non-condensable gases from the condenser. The condenser has wet cooling towers to remove heat. In this study, computer codes developed at the University of Perugia were used to simulate the behavior of geothermal field as a whole. The wells are modeled with second order functions in order to describe pressure-flow rate and temperature-flow rate correlations. The geothermal fluid network is calculated by setting pressures and thermal losses in all the branches. The power plant is simulated with all its components: steam turbine, condenser, gas extractor, cooling towers and auxiliaries. All the components of the geothermal field are simulated at both design and off-design conditions. The fluid network is solved with an algorithm developed by the authors, which allows the definition of boundary conditions by means of curves based on experimental data. The advantage in comparison with conventional techniques, requiring a fixed pressure or flow rate as boundary condition, is that the solution of the network and the power plant is always a real solution. The results show how changes in ambient conditions or in the characteristic curve of one or more plant components may influence power production and the exploitation of the geothermal source.

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