scholarly journals Rheological characterization of potassium carbonate deep eutectic solvent (DES) based drilling mud

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hammad Rasool ◽  
Asif Zamir ◽  
Khaled A. Elraies ◽  
Maqsood Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Filtration Properties

AbstractDifferent additives are added in the drilling mud to increase its efficiency in terms of its rheology and filtration properties. Recently, the application of ionic liquids (ILs) has been exploited by various investigators as a drilling additive for improving the mud rheology. The more recent studies have shown that imidazolium-based ionic liquids (the most used class of ionic liquids in drilling fluids) are toxic. Moreover, the advancement in green chemistry has put a big question mark on the greener nature of ionic liquids because they are non-biodegradable and generally very expensive. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are the non-toxic and cheaper alternative of ionic liquids possessing the same qualities as of ILs. In our previous work, we used potassium carbonate and glycerol-based DES as a drilling fluid additive. We found that DES has successfully improved the mud rheology and filtration properties of the mud. In this current study, various characterizations have been conducted to understand the underlying mechanism behind DES as a rheology modifier. The characterization shows the improvement in rheology is due to the intercalation of DES between alumino-silicate layers and interaction of DES with clay which alters edge to face orientation of sodium bentonite and ultimately its dispersion behaviour. The addition of DES decreases average grain size and disperses the clay particles in mud slurry which reduce the overall permeability and porosity of the filter cake thus improving the filtration behaviour of the mud. Moreover, the behaviour of DES based mud is modelled at 25 °C and 100 °C which shows DES-based mud follows Herschel–Buckley model and exhibits shear thinning behaviour even at elevated temperature.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Rheological and Filtration Properties of Drilling Mud Using the Syrian Clay

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 211-230
Author(s):  
Adnan Ibrahim Barodi
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Clay Concentration ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Solid Part ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Filtration Properties

Drilling fluid properties and formulation play a fundamental role in drilling operations. The Classical water-based muds prepared from only the Syrian clay and water without any additives((Organic and industrial polymers) are generally poor in performance. Moreover, The high quantity of Syrian clay (120 gr / l) used in preparing drilling fluids. It leads to a decrease in the drilling speed and thus an increase in the time required to complete the drilling of the well. As a result, the total cost of drilling the well increased, as a result of an increase in the concentration of the solid part in the drilling fluid. In this context, our study focuses on the investigation of the improvement in drilling mud   Prepared from the Syrian clay by reducing the clay concentration to (50 gr / L). And compensate for the remaining amount (70 gr / l) of clay by adding (natural and industrial polymers) The rheological properties and filtration are measured at different concentrations of polymers .. In light of the experiments, we determine the polymers' concentrations that gave good results in improving the flow properties and controlling the Filter. It is polymers that have given good results:، HEC، HEC and Xanthan Gum  PAC and HEC، CMCHV، PolyAcryl Amid ، Xanthan Gum .

Potassium carbonate based deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a potential drilling fluid additive in deep water drilling applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hammad Rasool ◽  
Asif Zamir ◽  
Khaled A. Elraies ◽  
Maqsood Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Foam Drilling Hydraulics

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozcan Baris ◽  
Luis Ayala ◽  
W. Watson Robert
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Bit Life ◽  
Foam Drilling

The use of foam as a drilling fluid was developed to meet a special set of conditions under which other common drilling fluids had failed. Foam drilling is defined as the process of making boreholes by utilizing foam as the circulating fluid. When compared with conventional drilling, underbalanced or foam drilling has several advantages. These advantages include: avoidance of lost circulation problems, minimizing damage to pay zones, higher penetration rates and bit life. Foams are usually characterized by the quality, the ratio of the volume of gas, and the total foam volume. Obtaining dependable pressure profiles for aerated (gasified) fluids and foam is more difficult than for single phase fluids, since in the former ones the drilling mud contains a gas phase that is entrained within the fluid system. The primary goal of this study is to expand the knowledge-base of the hydrodynamic phenomena that occur in a foam drilling operation. In order to gain a better understanding of foam drilling operations, a hydrodynamic model is developed and run at different operating conditions. For this purpose, the flow of foam through the drilling system is modeled by invoking the basic principles of continuum mechanics and thermodynamics. The model was designed to allow gas and liquid flow at desired volumetric flow rates through the drillstring and annulus. Parametric studies are conducted in order to identify the most influential variables in the hydrodynamic modeling of foam flow. 

Heat Moisture Modified Rice Flours as Additive in Drilling Fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Bunyami Shafie ◽  
Lee Huei Hong ◽  
Phene Neoh Pei Nee ◽  
Fatin Hana Naning ◽  
Tze Jin Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Fluid Mixture ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Rice Flours

Drilling mud is a dense, viscous fluid mixture used in oil and gas drilling operations to bring rock cuttings to the earth's surface from the boreholes as well as to lubricate and cool the drill bit. Water-based mud is commonly used due to its relatively inexpensive and easy to dispose of. However, several components and additives in the muds become increasingly cautious and restricted. Starch was introduced as a safe and biodegradable additive into the water-based drilling fluid, in line with an environmental health concern. In this study, the suitability of four local rice flours and their heat moistures derivatives to be incorporated in the formulation of water-based drilling fluid was investigated. They were selected due to their natural amylose contents (waxy, low, intermediate, and high). They were also heat moisture treated to increase their amylose contents. Results showed that the addition of the rice flours into water-based mud significantly reduced the density, viscosity, and filtrate volume. However, the gel strength of the mud was increased. The rice flours, either native or heat moisture treated, could serve as additives to provide a variety of low cost and environmentally friendly drilling fluids to be incorporated and fitted into different drilling activity.

Development of Novel Shale Swelling Inhibitors Using Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids and Gemini Surfactants for Water-Based Drilling Fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ahmed Khan ◽  
Mobeen Murtaza ◽  
Hafiz Mudaser Ahmad ◽  
Abdulazeez Abdulraheem ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Gemini Surfactant ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Combined Solution ◽  
Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Inhibition Performance

Abstract In the last decade, hydrophilic Ionic liquids have been emerged as an additive in drilling fluids for clay swelling inhibition. However, the application of hydrophobic Ionic liquids as a clay swelling inhibitor have not been investigated. In this study, the combination of hydrophobic Ionic liquids and Gemini surfactant were studied to evaluate the inhibition performance. The novel combination of hydrophobic ionic liquid (Trihexyltetradecyl phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl) phosphinate) and cationic gemini surfactant (GB) was prepared by mixing various concentrations of both chemicals and then preparing water based drilling fluid using other drilling fluid additives such as rheological modifier, filtration control agent, and pH control agent. The wettability of sodium bentonite was determined by contact angle with different concentrations of combined solution. Some other experiments such as linear swelling, capillary suction test (CST) and bentonite swell index were performed to study the inhibition performance of ionic liquid. Different concentrations of novel combined ionic liquid and gemini surfactant were used to prepare the drilling fluids ranging from (0.1 to 0.5 wt.%), and their performances were compared with the base drilling fluid. The wettability results showed that novel drilling fluid having 0.1% Tpb-P - 0.5% GB wt.% concentration has a maximum contact angle indicating the highly hydrophobic surface. The linear swelling was evaluated over the time of 24 hours, and least swelling of bentonite was noticed with 0.1% Tpb-P - 0.5% GB wt.% combined solution compared to linear swelling in deionized water. Furthermore, the results of CST also suggested the improved performance of novel solution at 0.1% Tpb-P - 0.1% GB concentration. The novel combination The novel combination of hydrophobic ionic liquids and gemini surfactant has been used to formulate the drilling fluid for high temperature applications to modify the wettability and hydration properties of clay. The use of novel combined ionic liquid and gemini surfactant improves the borehole stability by adjusting the clay surface and resulted in upgraded wellbore stability.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Water Based Colloidal Gas Aphron Fluid Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hosseini-Kaldozakh ◽  
Ehsan Khamehchi ◽  
Bahram Dabir ◽  
Ali Alizadeh ◽  
Zohreh Mansoori
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Electrolyte System ◽  
Colloidal Gas Aphron ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Filtration Properties

Today, the drilling operators use the Colloidal Gas Aphron (CGA) fluids as a part of drilling fluids in their operations to reduce formation damages in low-pressure, mature or depleted reservoirs. In this paper, a Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) has been designed to analyse the effect of salinity, polymer and surfactant types and concentration on the stability of CGA fluids. Poly Anionic Cellulose (PacR) and Xanthan Gum (XG) polymers are employed as viscosifier; Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (HTAB) and Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate (SDBS) have been also utilized as aphronizer. Moreover, bubble size distributions, rheological and filtration properties of aphronized fluids are investigated. According to the results, the polymer type has the highest effect, whereas the surfactant type has the lowest effect on the stability of CGA drilling fluid. It was also observed that increasing salinity in CGA fluid reduces the stability. Finally, it should be noted that the micro-bubbles generated with HTAB surfactant in an electrolyte system, are more stable than SDBS surfactant.

Effects of discarded drill muds on microbial populations

1987 ◽  
Vol 316 (1181) ◽  
pp. 567-585 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Low Toxicity

Drilling operations from platforms in the North Sea result in the production of large quantities of drill cuttings. These are a variable mixture of rock chippings, clays and original drilling fluids. Drilling mud is cleaned on the platform to remove rock chips before re-use of the mud. The rejected fraction from the clean-up plant (the cuttings) contains some of the base drilling fluid, and this can lead to an organically rich input to the sea-bed. Cuttings are discarded immediately underneath the platform jacket and thus build-up over the natural seabed sediment. In many cases this cuttings pile may cover considerable areas of seabed, leading to seabed biological effects and potential corrosion problems. Different types of cuttings have different environmental impacts, this being partly dependent upon their hydrocarbon component. Diesel-oil based cuttings contain significant amounts of toxic aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas low-toxicity, kerosenebased cuttings contain less. Both types of cuttings support an active microbiological flora, initiated by hydrocarbon oxidation. This paper presents a study of microbiological degradation of hydrocarbons in cuttings piles around two North Sea platforms. Results indicate that there is a close correlation between microbiological activity and hydrocarbon breakdown in the surface of cuttings piles and that both of these parameters reach their maximum values closer to the platform when low-toxicity muds are in use.

Chemically Improved Filter Cakes for Drilling Wells

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj S. Nandurdikar ◽  
Nicholas E. Takach ◽  
Stefan Z. Miska
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Filtration Apparatus ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Filter Cakes

Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a latent hydraulic material similar in composition to Portland cement. BFS was originally studied for mud to cement (MTC) purposes. This application called for large quantities of BFS (40–500 ppb (lb/bbl)) and ultimately proved to be ineffective. Subsequently, BFS has been investigated as an additive in drilling fluids. In a recent study, muds containing additive-level concentrations (5–30 lb/bbl) of BFS were shown to be effective in reducing formation damage. The present work extends the investigation of BFS as a drilling fluid additive. Specifically, we have explored the use of chemical reagents to activate the BFS in filter cakes to achieve cakes that are thin, impervious and firm. Filter cakes were formed from slag-laden drilling fluids in a high-pressure, high-temperature reverse filtration apparatus (permeability plugging apparatus). Studies were conducted with partially hydrolyzed polyacrlyamide (PHPA) muds and CaCO3-based fluids containing different loadings of BFS. Filter cakes of these fluids were treated with several different activators and the results were compared to cakes containing no BFS. Different activation techniques were investigated and a novel device was designed to measure the strength of the filter cakes. An environmental scanning electron microscope examined the relationship between the structural features of the activated cakes and their strengths. This study demonstrates that filter cakes containing BFS can be chemically activated to produce thin, firm cakes with improved filtration properties. These cakes should be able to form better bonds with cement subsequently used for completion.

Suitability of Nigerian Bentonite in Drilling Fluid Formulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eghe Oyedoh ◽  
Charles Odumugbo ◽  
Eboseremen Osemenkhian Ebewele
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Filtrate Loss ◽  
Filtration Properties

The oil production industry in Nigeria operates both onshore and more recently offshore in the coastal areas located in the oil-rich Niger-Delta. Unfortunately, the drilling mud additives currently used in the country are all imported and at huge foreign exchange costs. Therefore the objective of the current effort is development of drilling fluid from locally sourced mud additives for drilling operations. Various rheological and filtration tests were carried out on both unbeneficiated and beneficiated local clay from Afuze, Nigeria using a six-speed Rheometer and API filter press respectively. Beneficiation involved the addition of sodium carbonate, caustic soda and starch to the mud formulations.Clay concentrations were varied from 20g/350ml to 60g/350ml. The test results showed that free swell volume (FSV) increased from with clay concentration with the optimum values observed at 60g/350ml. The filtrate loss of 63ml, filter cake thickness of 6m, yield point of 7cp and plastic viscosity of 1cp values of Afuze clay did not satisfy API specification of 15ml, 2m, 24cp and 8cp respectively at any tested concentration. Likewise Afuze clay did not display gel strength (10 seconds and 10 minutes of 29 and 34 respectively) suitable for bringing cuttings up from the hole. However, improvements in its rheological and filtration properties as well as free swell volume were observed with the beneficiated Afuze clay at clay concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60g/350ml when beneficiated with starch concentrations of 1g and 0.5g, sodium carbonate of 2g and 1g and caustic soda of 0.25g. Beneficiated Afuze clay displayed gel strengths (10 seconds and 10 minutes of 98 and 140 respectively) suitable for bringing cuttings up from the hole with optimum values observed at 60g/350ml.

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