scholarly journals Improvement of the Rheological and Filtration Properties of Drilling Mud Using the Syrian Clay

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 211-230
Author(s):  
Adnan Ibrahim Barodi
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Clay Concentration ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Solid Part ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Filtration Properties

Drilling fluid properties and formulation play a fundamental role in drilling operations. The Classical water-based muds prepared from only the Syrian clay and water without any additives((Organic and industrial polymers) are generally poor in performance. Moreover, The high quantity of Syrian clay (120 gr / l) used in preparing drilling fluids. It leads to a decrease in the drilling speed and thus an increase in the time required to complete the drilling of the well. As a result, the total cost of drilling the well increased, as a result of an increase in the concentration of the solid part in the drilling fluid. In this context, our study focuses on the investigation of the improvement in drilling mud   Prepared from the Syrian clay by reducing the clay concentration to (50 gr / L). And compensate for the remaining amount (70 gr / l) of clay by adding (natural and industrial polymers) The rheological properties and filtration are measured at different concentrations of polymers .. In light of the experiments, we determine the polymers' concentrations that gave good results in improving the flow properties and controlling the Filter. It is polymers that have given good results:، HEC، HEC and Xanthan Gum  PAC and HEC، CMCHV، PolyAcryl Amid ، Xanthan Gum .

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Foam Drilling Hydraulics

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozcan Baris ◽  
Luis Ayala ◽  
W. Watson Robert
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Bit Life ◽  
Foam Drilling

The use of foam as a drilling fluid was developed to meet a special set of conditions under which other common drilling fluids had failed. Foam drilling is defined as the process of making boreholes by utilizing foam as the circulating fluid. When compared with conventional drilling, underbalanced or foam drilling has several advantages. These advantages include: avoidance of lost circulation problems, minimizing damage to pay zones, higher penetration rates and bit life. Foams are usually characterized by the quality, the ratio of the volume of gas, and the total foam volume. Obtaining dependable pressure profiles for aerated (gasified) fluids and foam is more difficult than for single phase fluids, since in the former ones the drilling mud contains a gas phase that is entrained within the fluid system. The primary goal of this study is to expand the knowledge-base of the hydrodynamic phenomena that occur in a foam drilling operation. In order to gain a better understanding of foam drilling operations, a hydrodynamic model is developed and run at different operating conditions. For this purpose, the flow of foam through the drilling system is modeled by invoking the basic principles of continuum mechanics and thermodynamics. The model was designed to allow gas and liquid flow at desired volumetric flow rates through the drillstring and annulus. Parametric studies are conducted in order to identify the most influential variables in the hydrodynamic modeling of foam flow. 

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Water Based Colloidal Gas Aphron Fluid Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hosseini-Kaldozakh ◽  
Ehsan Khamehchi ◽  
Bahram Dabir ◽  
Ali Alizadeh ◽  
Zohreh Mansoori
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Electrolyte System ◽  
Colloidal Gas Aphron ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Filtration Properties

Today, the drilling operators use the Colloidal Gas Aphron (CGA) fluids as a part of drilling fluids in their operations to reduce formation damages in low-pressure, mature or depleted reservoirs. In this paper, a Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) has been designed to analyse the effect of salinity, polymer and surfactant types and concentration on the stability of CGA fluids. Poly Anionic Cellulose (PacR) and Xanthan Gum (XG) polymers are employed as viscosifier; Hexadecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (HTAB) and Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate (SDBS) have been also utilized as aphronizer. Moreover, bubble size distributions, rheological and filtration properties of aphronized fluids are investigated. According to the results, the polymer type has the highest effect, whereas the surfactant type has the lowest effect on the stability of CGA drilling fluid. It was also observed that increasing salinity in CGA fluid reduces the stability. Finally, it should be noted that the micro-bubbles generated with HTAB surfactant in an electrolyte system, are more stable than SDBS surfactant.

Suitability of Nigerian Bentonite in Drilling Fluid Formulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eghe Oyedoh ◽  
Charles Odumugbo ◽  
Eboseremen Osemenkhian Ebewele
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Filtrate Loss ◽  
Filtration Properties

The oil production industry in Nigeria operates both onshore and more recently offshore in the coastal areas located in the oil-rich Niger-Delta. Unfortunately, the drilling mud additives currently used in the country are all imported and at huge foreign exchange costs. Therefore the objective of the current effort is development of drilling fluid from locally sourced mud additives for drilling operations. Various rheological and filtration tests were carried out on both unbeneficiated and beneficiated local clay from Afuze, Nigeria using a six-speed Rheometer and API filter press respectively. Beneficiation involved the addition of sodium carbonate, caustic soda and starch to the mud formulations.Clay concentrations were varied from 20g/350ml to 60g/350ml. The test results showed that free swell volume (FSV) increased from with clay concentration with the optimum values observed at 60g/350ml. The filtrate loss of 63ml, filter cake thickness of 6m, yield point of 7cp and plastic viscosity of 1cp values of Afuze clay did not satisfy API specification of 15ml, 2m, 24cp and 8cp respectively at any tested concentration. Likewise Afuze clay did not display gel strength (10 seconds and 10 minutes of 29 and 34 respectively) suitable for bringing cuttings up from the hole. However, improvements in its rheological and filtration properties as well as free swell volume were observed with the beneficiated Afuze clay at clay concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60g/350ml when beneficiated with starch concentrations of 1g and 0.5g, sodium carbonate of 2g and 1g and caustic soda of 0.25g. Beneficiated Afuze clay displayed gel strengths (10 seconds and 10 minutes of 98 and 140 respectively) suitable for bringing cuttings up from the hole with optimum values observed at 60g/350ml.

scholarly journals Investigation of Non-Linear Rheological Characteristics of Barite-Free Drilling Fluids

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Leusheva ◽  
Nataliia Brovkina ◽  
Valentin Morenov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Oil And Gas Wells ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide ◽  
Drilling Muds

Drilling fluids play an important role in the construction of oil and gas wells. Furthermore, drilling of oil and gas wells at offshore fields is an even more complex task that requires application of specialized drilling muds, which are non-Newtonian and complex fluids. With regard to fluid properties, it is necessary to manage the equivalent circulation density because its high values can lead to fracture in the formation, loss of circulation and wellbore instability. Thus, rheology of the used drilling mud has a significant impact on the equivalent circulation density. The aim of the present research is to develop compositions of drilling muds with a low solids load based on salts of formate acid and improve their rheological parameters for wells with a narrow drilling fluid density range. Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide of different molecular weights was proposed as a replacement for hydrolized polyacrylamide. The experiment was conducted on a Fann rotary viscometer. The article presents experimentally obtained data of indicators such as plastic viscosity, yield point, nonlinearity index and consistency coefficient. Experimental data were analyzed by the method of approximation. Analysis is performed in order to determine the most suitable rheological model, which describes the investigated fluids’ flow with the least error.

The Influence of SiO2 and TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Properties of Water-Based Mud

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Mijić ◽  
Nediljka Gaurina-Međimurec ◽  
Borivoje Pašić
Keyword(s):  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Shale Formations ◽  
Wellbore Instability ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Fluid Properties

About 75% of all formations drilled worldwide are shale formations and 90% of all wellbore instability problems occur in shale formations. This increases the overall cost of drilling. Therefore, drilling through shale formations, which have nanosized pores with nanodarcy permeability still need better solutions since the additives used in the conventional drilling fluids are too large to plug them. One of the solutions to drilling problems can be adjusting drilling fluid properties by adding nanoparticles. Drilling mud with nanoparticles can physically plug nanosized pores in shale formations and thus reduce the shale permeability, which results in reducing the pressure transmission and improving wellbore stability. Furthermore, the drilling fluid with nanoparticles, creates a very thin, low permeability filter cake resulting in the reduction of the filtrate penetration into the shale. This thin filter cake implies high potential for reducing the differential pressure sticking. In addition, borehole problems such as too high drag and torque can be reduced by adding nanoparticles to drilling fluids. This paper presents the results of laboratory examination of the influence of commercially available nanoparticles of SiO2 (dry SiO2 and water-based dispersion of 30 wt% of silica), and TiO2 (water-based dispersion of 40 wt% of titania) in concentrations of 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% on the properties of water-based fluids. Special emphasis is put on the determination of lubricating properties of the water-based drilling fluids. Nanoparticles added to the base mud without any lubricant do not improve its lubricity performance, regardless of their concentrations and type. However, by adding 0.5 wt% SiO2-disp to the base mud with lubricant, its lubricity coefficient is reduced by 4.6%, and by adding 1 wt% TiO2-disp to the base mud with lubricant, its lubricity coefficient is reduced by 14.3%.

Designing Drilling Fluids to Combat Circulation Losses for Arctic Environments

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesfin Belayneh ◽  
Bernt S. Aadnøy
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Fracture Sealing ◽  
Productive Time

Drilling fluid plays a key role in an efficient drilling operation to minimize problems such as wellbore collapse, circulation losses and stuck pipe. Well instability problems are costly as they increase the non-productive time and the overall budget (1) (2). Well instability problems controlled by designing appropriate mud density and fluid properties that controls the well. The fracture sealing ability of a drilling fluid is one very important of the drilling mud. This paper presents design of water-based drilling fluids and results from laboratory experiments to quantify the loss circulation performance of drilling fluids. Because it is preferable to use oil-based muds in some well sections, the paper will also include a recent study on how to minimize losses when using oil based muds. Here uses of micro/nanoparticles have shown to reduce filtrate losses and to build barriers that are more efficient during circulation loss events. All the tests presented are at low temperature, which is suitable for Artic environments.

scholarly journals Developing a Thermally Stable Ester-Based Drilling Fluid for Offshore Drilling Operations by Using Aluminum Oxide Nanorods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3399
Author(s):  
Alaa Ahmed ◽  
Amin Sharifi Haddad ◽  
Roozbeh Rafati ◽  
Ahmed Bashir ◽  
Ahmed M. AlSabagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Ethyl Octanoate ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Filtration Properties

Esters were found to be promising alternatives to oil, as a constituent of drilling fluids, due to their biodegradability and bioaccumulation attributes. In this study, we used ethyl octanoate ester (EO) as a low molecular weight synthetic oil for formulating an ester-based drilling fluid (EBDF). Aluminum oxide nanorods (nanoparticles) were introduced as a Pickering emulsion stabilizer. Like the commercial emulsifiers, they showed that they stabilized the invert emulsion drilling fluid in our study. The rheological and filtration properties of the EBDF were tested at normal pressure and three temperatures: low temperature deepwater (LT) conditions of 2.6 °C, normal pressure and normal temperature (NPNT) conditions of 26.8 °C, and elevated temperature conditions of 70 °C. To enhance the stability and filtration properties of the drilling fluid, aluminum oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were used. An optimum concentration of 1 wt% was found to provide superior rheological performance and higher stability than samples without NPs at NPNT, LT, and elevated temperature conditions. Steadier gel rheology was exhibited at elevated temperature conditions, and a slow rate of an increasing trend occurred at the lower temperatures, with increasing NP concentrations up to 1.5 wt%. Filtration loss tests presented a reduction of fluid loss with increasing the NP concentration. The results demonstrate that a reduction of up to 45% was achieved with the addition of 1 wt% NP. These results show that nano-enhancement of ethyl octanoate drilling fluids would suffice to provide a wider range of operational temperatures for deepwater drilling operations by providing better thermal stability at elevated temperatures and maintaining stability at lower temperatures.

Technology Focus: Drilling and Completion Fluids (November 2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
Ergun Kuru
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Drilling Operations

Design and development of optimal drilling-fluid systems, as well as their proper maintenance while drilling, are essential components of any successful drilling campaign. As the oil and gas industry is drilling in more-challenging areas (e.g., unconventional shale oil/gas wells, deepwater offshore wells, and deep high-pressure/high-temperature sour gas wells), the demand for more-accurate real-time assessment of the downhole state of the drilling fluids during drilling operations increases. Recent developments in drilling systems automation provide a multitude of opportunities to have real-time monitoring of drilling-fluid properties and early diagnosis of drilling-fluid-related complications that might arise while drilling. Coupled with closed-loop control of surface and downhole drilling-fluid properties, automated monitoring of fluid properties would allow rig personnel to make timely corrections to the drilling-fluid program, which eventually would lead to more-cost-efficient and safer drilling operations. This feature provides examples of such new technologies that can be used as part of the automated drilling-fluid monitoring system, allowing real-time control of drilling-fluid rheological properties (i.e., density and viscosity) and management of solids content with potential benefits of real-time management of equivalent circulating density, effective hole cleaning/cuttings transport, increasing drilling rate, and reducing nonproductive time, resulting in safer wells drilled at minimum costs. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 199101 - Field Results of a Real-Time Drilling-Fluid Monitoring System by Sérgio Magalhães, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, et al. SPE 200990 - Intelligent Pressure-Control System for Managed-Pressure Drilling by Zhao Hui Song, Engineering Technology Research Institute of XDEC, et al. SPE 203389 - Real-Time Measurement of Drilling-Fluid Rheology and Density Using Acoustics by Paul Ofoche, Texas A&M University, et al.

scholarly journals Effect of silica nano particles on the rheological and HTHP filtration properties of environment friendly additive in water-based drilling fluid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ved Prakash ◽  
Neetu Sharma ◽  
Munmun Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Filtration Properties

AbstractRheological and filtration properties of drilling fluid contribute a vital role in successful drilling operations. Rheological parameters such as apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP) and gel strength of drilling fluids are very essential for hydraulic calculations and lifting of drill cuttings during the drilling operation. Control of filtration loss volume is also very important for cost effective and successful drilling operations. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to improve the rheological and filtration properties of Grewia Optiva fibre powder (GOFP) by using 30–50 nm size of silica nano particles (SNP) in water-based drilling fluid. The experimental outcomes revealed that after hot rolling of mud samples at 100 °C for 16 h, the low pressure-low temperature (LPLT) and high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) filtration loss of GOFP additives was improved, after the addition of SNP on it. The mixture of 5% GOFP + 4% SNP has reduced the LPLT and HPHT filtration loss of drilling fluid by 74.03 and 78.12%, respectively, as compared to base mud. Thus, it was concluded that after the addition of 0.4% SNP, the LPLT and HPHT filtration control ability of GOFP additive in WBM were increased by 17.6 and 15%, respectively. The rheological parameters such as AV, PV, YP and gelation of drilling fluids were also improved by the addition of GOFP + SNP mixture in the base mud. Therefore, the implementation of GOFP + SNP mixture in water-based mud showed auspicious results which reaffirm the feasibility of using them in the successful drilling operations.

scholarly journals Comparison between the Effect of Local Katira Gum and Xanthan Gum on the Rheological Properties of Water-based Drilling Fluids

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Bayan Qadir Sofy Hussein ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Ismael Sharbazheri ◽  
Nabil Adiel Tayeb Ubaid
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Property ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Yield Point ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Water Based

The rheological properties of drilling fluids have an important role in providing a stable wellbore and eliminating the borehole problems. Several materials including polymers (xanthan gum) can be used to improve these properties. In this study, the effect of the local Katira, as a new polymer, on the rheological properties of the drilling fluids prepared as the bentonite-water-based mud has been investigated in comparison with the conventional xanthan gum. Experimental work was done to study of rheological properties of several gums such as, local katira gum, and xanthan gum bentonite drilling mud. Different samples of drilling fluids are prepared adding the xanthan gum and local katira to the base drilling fluid at different concentrations using Hamilton Beach mixer. The prepared samples are passed through rheological property tests including the apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, and yield point (YP) under different temperature conditions. The obtained results show that the viscosity is increased from 5 to 8.5 cp and YP is increased from 18.5 to 30.5 lb/100 ft2, with increasing the concentration of the xanthan gum from 0.1 to 0.4. However, the effect of the local katira in increasing the viscosity and YP is lower compared with the xanthan gum, which are ranged between 5–6 cp and 18.5–20.5 cp.

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