Cytological, genetic, and proteomic analysis of a sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) mutant Siyl-1 with yellow–green leaf color

Abstract Background Both photosynthetic pigments and chloroplasts in plant leaf cells play an important role in deciding on the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency in plants. Systematical investigating the regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development and chlorophyll (Chl) content variation is necessary for clarifying the photosynthesis mechanism for crops. Objective This study aims to explore the critical regulatory mechanism of leaf color mutation in a yellow–green leaf sesame mutant Siyl-1. Methods We performed the genetic analysis of the yellow-green leaf color mutation using the F2 population of the mutant Siyl-1. We compared the morphological structure of the chloroplasts, chlorophyll content of the three genotypes of the mutant F2 progeny. We performed the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and compared the protein expression variation between the mutant progeny and the wild type. Results Genetic analysis indicated that there were 3 phenotypes of the F2 population of the mutant Siyl-1, i.e., YY type with light-yellow leaf color (lethal); Yy type with yellow-green leaf color, and yy type with normal green leaf color. The yellow-green mutation was controlled by an incompletely dominant nuclear gene, Siyl-1. Compared with the wild genotype, the chloroplast number and the morphological structure in YY and Yy mutant lines varied evidently. The chlorophyll content also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The 2-DE comparison showed that there were 98 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among YY, Yy, and yy lines. All the 98 DEPs were classified into 5 functional groups. Of which 82.7% DEPs proteins belonged to the photosynthesis and energy metabolism group. Conclusion The results revealed the genetic character of yellow-green leaf color mutant Siyl-1. 98 DEPs were found in YY and Yy mutant compared with the wild genotype. The regulation pathway related with the yellow leaf trait mutation in sesame was analyzed for the first time. The findings supplied the basic theoretical and gene basis for leaf color and chloroplast development mechanism in sesame.

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Cytologic, Genetic, and Proteomic Analysis of a Yellow Leaf Mutant of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), Siyl-1

10.1101/449967 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Tongmei Gao ◽

Shuangling Wei ◽

Jing Chen ◽

Yin Wu ◽

Feng Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Structure ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Regulation Mechanism ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Biochemical Effect ◽

Effect Analysis ◽

Light Yellow ◽

Color Mutation ◽

Leaf Mutant

AbstractLeaf color mutation in sesame always affects the growth and development of plantlets, and their yield. To clarify the mechanisms underlying leaf color regulation in sesame, we analyzed a yellow-green leaf mutant. Genetic analysis of the mutant selfing revealed 3 phenotypes—YY, light-yellow (lethal); Yy, yellow-green; and yy, normal green—controlled by an incompletely dominant nuclear gene, Siyl-1. In YY and Yy, the number and morphological structure of the chloroplast changed evidently, with disordered inner matter, and significantly decreased chlorophyll content. To explore the regulation mechanism of leaf color mutation, the proteins expressed among YY, Yy, and yy were analyzed. All 98 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were classified into 5 functional groups, in which photosynthesis and energy metabolism (82.7%) occupied a dominant position. Our findings provide the basis for further molecular mechanism and biochemical effect analysis of yellow leaf mutants in plants.

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Seedling Populations Produced by Colored-leaf Genotypes of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) Contain Seedlings with Green Leaf Phenotype

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-24.3.133 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 133-136

Author(s):

Jonathan M. Lehrer ◽

Mark H. Brand ◽

Jessica D. Lubell

Keyword(s):

Green Leaf ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

Berberis Thunbergii ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Landscape Plant ◽

Japanese Barberry ◽

Leaf Phenotype ◽

Purple Leaf ◽

Color Phenotype

Abstract The leaf color of seedling populations derived from ornamental genotypes of Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) was evaluated to determine whether nursery selections of this important landscape plant could be expected to produce green-leaf progeny or seedlings with leaf color resembling the purple-leaf or yellow-leaf parent. This is a compelling inquiry since nearly all B. thunbergii plants found within invasive populations possess green foliage and the potential contribution of seedlings by ornamental purple-and yellow-leaf genotypes is unknown. Seed lots collected from cultivated barberry genotypes located in landscape settings were processed and raised in a greenhouse to observe leaf color phenotype. It was found that all genotypes studied produced at least some green seedlings. The percentage of green progeny produced varied widely by genotype. Green-leaf cultivars yielded close to 100% green seedlings and all purple-and yellow-leaf forms produced at least 20% green offspring. Among purple-leaf genotype accessions located adjacent to potential purple-leaf pollen donors, var. atropurpurea produced significantly fewer green seedlings (18.5%) than ‘Crimson Pygmy’ (71%) and ‘Rose Glow’ (45%). ‘Rose Glow’ individuals growing adjacent to other purple Japanese barberry forms produced significantly fewer green seedlings (45%) than ‘Rose Glow’ accessions that were isolated from additional purple Japanese barberry (88%). This study demonstrates that some invasive green-leaf B. thunbergii could be derived from popular garden forms since purple- and yellow-leaf genotypes readily produce green-leaf offspring which resemble feral barberry. These findings do not, however, provide any definitive link between cultivated and naturalized Japanese barberry.

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Characterization and transcriptomic analysis of a novel yellow-green leaf wucai (Brassica campestris L.) germplasm

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07573-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Libing Nie ◽

Yushan Zheng ◽

Liting Zhang ◽

Ying Wu ◽

Shidong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fixation ◽

Brassica Campestris ◽

Chloroplast Development ◽

Green Leaf ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Parental Line ◽

Functional Identification ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Leaf Type

Abstract Background Leaf color mutants are the ideal materials to explore the pathways of chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis system. In this study, a spontaneous yellow-green leaf wucai (Brassica campestris L.) mutant “WY16–13” was identified, which exhibited yellow-green leaf color during its entire growth period. However, current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying Chl metabolism and chloroplast development of “WY16–13” is limited. Results Total Chl and carotenoid content in WY16–13 was reduced by 60.92 and 58.82%, respectively, as compared with its wild type parental line W16–13. Electron microscopic investigation revealed fewer chloroplasts per cell and looser stroma lamellae in WY16–13 than in W16–13. A comparative transcriptome profiling was performed using leaves from the yellow-green leaf type (WY16–13) and normal green-leaf type (W16–13). A total of 54.12 million (M) (WY16–13) and 56.17 M (W16–13) reads were generated. A total of 40,578 genes were identified from the mapped libraries. We identified 3882 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in WY16–13 compared with W16–13 (i.e., 1603 upregulated genes and 2279 downregulated genes). According to the Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, these DEGs are involved in porphyrin and Chl metabolism [i.e., chlorophyllase (CLH), heme oxygenase (HO), chlorophyll (ide) b reductase (NYC), and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) genes], carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Moreover, deficiency in Chl biosynthetic intermediates in WY16–13 revealed that the formation of the yellow-green phenotype was related to the disorder of heme metabolism. Conclusions Our results provide valuable insights into Chl deficiency in the yellow-green leaf mutant and a bioinformatics resource for further functional identification of key allelic genes responsible for differences in Chl content.

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Mutation Mechanism of Leaf Color in Plants: A Review

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11080851 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 851 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ming-Hui Zhao ◽

Xiang Li ◽

Xin-Xin Zhang ◽

Heng Zhang ◽

Xi-Yang Zhao

Keyword(s):

Chloroplast Development ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Future Research ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Existing Problems ◽

Color Mutation ◽

Development And Differentiation

Color mutation is a common, easily identifiable phenomenon in higher plants. Color mutations usually affect the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, resulting in poor growth and economic losses. Therefore, leaf color mutants have been unwittingly eliminated in recent years. Recently, however, with the development of society, the application of leaf color mutants has become increasingly widespread. Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for studying pigment metabolism, chloroplast development and differentiation, photosynthesis and other pathways that could also provide important information for improving varietal selection. In this review, we summarize the research on leaf color mutants, such as the functions and mechanisms of leaf color mutant-related genes, which affect chlorophyll synthesis, chlorophyll degradation, chloroplast development and anthocyanin metabolism. We also summarize two common methods for mapping and cloning related leaf color mutation genes using Map-based cloning and RNA-seq, and we discuss the existing problems and propose future research directions for leaf color mutants, which provide a reference for the study and application of leaf color mutants in the future.

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Characterization and Transcriptomic Analysis of a Novel Yellow-Green Leaf Wucai (Brassica Campestris L.) Germplasm

10.21203/rs.3.rs-127697/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Libing Nie ◽

Yushan Zheng ◽

Liting Zhang ◽

Ying Wu ◽

Shidong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fixation ◽

Brassica Campestris ◽

Chloroplast Development ◽

Growth Period ◽

Transcriptome Profiling ◽

Green Leaf ◽

Functional Identification ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Leaf Type ◽

Pathway Analyses

Abstract Background: Leaf color mutants are the ideal materials to explore the pathways of chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis system. In this study, a spontaneous yellow-green leaf wucai (Brassica campestris L.) mutant “WY16-13” was identified, which exhibited yellow-green leaf color during its entire growth period. However, current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying Chl metabolism and chloroplast development of “WY16-13” is limited.Results: Comparative transcriptome profiling was performed using leaves from the yellow-green leaf type (WY16-13) and normal green-leaf type (W16-13). A total of 54.12 million (M) (WY16-13) and 56.17 M (W16-13) reads were generated. A total of 40,578 genes were identified from the mapped libraries. We identified 3,882 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in WY16-13 compared with wild-type W16-13 (i.e., 1,603 upregulated genes and 2,279 downregulated genes). According to the Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, these DEGs are involved in porphyrin and Chl metabolism [i.e., chlorophyllase (CLH), heme oxygenase (HO), chlorophyll(ide) b reductase (NYC), and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) genes], carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Moreover, deficiency in Chl biosynthetic intermediates in the mutant revealed that the formation of the yellowing phenotype was related to the disorder of heme metabolism.Conclusions: Our results provide valuable insights into Chl deficiency in the yellow-green leaf mutant and a bioinformatics resource for further functional identification of key allelic genes responsible for differences in Chl content.

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