Five-Year Heights of Pitch Pine Progeny at Two New Jersey Plantations

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
John E. Kuser
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Plus Tree

Abstract Within-species selection was chosen as the method to improve pitch pine for a seed orchard to furnish seedlings for revegetation in southern New Jersey. In a progeny test of 68 families of open-pollinated plus tree seedlings at two plantation sites, after 5 growing seasons the top family among selected pitch pine progeny was as tall as the best pitch x loblolly check stock, and the best five pitch families were in the same range with another pitchlob and two loblolly families. Mean heights were slightly greater on a worked-out sandpit site than on an undisturbed sandy topsoil. North. J. Appl. For. 11(4):146-149.

scholarly journals Growth performance and wood structure of wavy grain sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) in a progeny trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Quambusch ◽  
Cornelia Bäucker ◽  
Volker Haag ◽  
Andreas Meier-Dinkel ◽  
Heike Liesebach
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Progeny Trial ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Sycamore Maple ◽  
Figure Type

Abstract • Key message Wavy grain, a rare figure type of wood, leads to highly priced timber in Acer pseudoplatanus L. The influence of this trait on growth performance and its causes are not known. Analyzed wavy and straight grain sycamore maple progenies show comparable growth performance in a field trial. Stability of wavy grain after vegetative propagation is confirmed and genetic inheritance indicated. • Context Wavy grain is a rare figure type of wood resulting from undulating fiber growth that leads to a decorative and highly priced timber in Acer pseudoplatanus L. with top positions on auction sales. Nevertheless, neither the influence of this trait on growth performance is known, nor have the causes been disentangled. • Aims Our objectives were to find out if wavy grain figure influences growth parameters essential for log quality and to gain insight into the causes of wavy grain by the analysis of a progeny trial and a seed orchard. • Methods In a progeny trial with 30-year-old F-1-offspring from selected wavy grained and straight grained trees, trunk diameter, tree height, and trunk shape were evaluated. Additionally, 21 trees of the trial and selected plus tree-grafts of a seed orchard were felled and analyzed for occurrence and intensity of wavy grain structure. • Results No effect of the wavy and straight grain parentage on growth was observed in the progeny trial. Of the felled trees, over 30% showed evidence of wavy grain compared to rare occurrence in natural stands. Wood structure analysis of plus tree scions confirmed the stability of wavy grain after vegetative propagation. • Conclusion Wavy grain seems to be genetically inherited, and there seems to be no statistically significant difference in commercially relevant traits in the progeny. This highlights the value of including wavy grain as a desired attribute in breeding systems of maple.

scholarly journals AN ARBOREAL ORCHELIMUM

1904 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Wm. T. Davis
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Pine Trees

Those who visit the pine-barrens of New Jersey know what a pleasure it is to ramble along the narrow wooded-ppaths among the pine trees ; old paths that after once being made continue for many years, and may seldom entertain a pedestrian. Along these paths and by the side of the sandy roads, any time during late summer arrd until frost, one may hear a faint, lisping little song from a grasshopper corning from the pines, often from their topmost branches. It is an easy matter to climb the pitch-pine, which is usually arranged admirably for the purpose, and the grasshopper is also friendly to investigation, and commonly continues to stridulate.

Evidence for environmental determination of uredinia and telia production in Chrysomyxa pirolata (inland spruce cone rust)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia E Crane ◽  
Yasuyuki Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons

Chrysomyxa pirolata Wint., the cause of inland spruce cone rust, is a serious pathogen in natural spruce forests and seed orchards. Cone infection is caused by basidiospores produced by telia on alternate hosts in the genera Pyrola, Moneses, and Orthilia. The disease cycle of this rust and the influence of moisture on the differentiation of telia on Pyrola asarifolia Michx. were studied over two growing seasons at a wet site adjacent to a spruce seed orchard and a drier site adjacent to another orchard at Smoky Lake, Alberta, and at Edmonton and Hinton, Alberta. The proportion of uredinia to telia varied with microsite conditions, with more frequent production of telia in moist sites. The effect of moisture on formation of telia was tested by subjecting infected plants with immature sori to 90-100% relative humidity under various temperature and light conditions. Plants under high humidity, regardless of other conditions, formed mainly telia from immature sori, even if uredinia had already formed on parts of the leaves before the experiments. Telia formation, however, was much slower at 4-6°C than at 22°C. Cross-sections of sori showed that young uredinia could sometimes convert to telia. Results of a field experiment also suggested that increasing moisture increases the percentage of telia produced on plants. The production of undifferentiated sori that can become either uredinia or telia in response to environmental conditions may allow the fungus to maximize vegetative proliferation when conditions are unfavorable for sexual reproduction. It might also explain the large variation in cone rust levels from year to year in a given location.Key words: Picea, Pyrola, telia induction, seed orchard, Uredinales.

scholarly journals Early Performance of Tree Species in a Mountain Reforestation Experiment

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Robert Jandl ◽  
Georg Kindermann ◽  
Cecilie Foldal ◽  
Silvio Schüler ◽  
Christina Bouissou
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
Early Performance

Climate change requires forest managers to explore new concepts in reforestation. High-elevation sites are posing challenges because the range of tree species that can cope with present and future conditions is small and limited experience with candidate species is available. Methods: We selected a mountain site with nutrient-poor silicatic soils. The previous Norway spruce (Picea abies) stand performed poorly. We established a reforestation experiment with 27 tree species that were planted in different combinations in order to evaluate silvicultural options. Site preparation activities and planting techniques reflected the locally applied regular procedures. After planting, we monitored height growth and phenological characteristics of needle/leaf development in spring. The presently dominant Norway spruce was genetically characterized. Results: Tree seedlings planted at high elevation are highly vulnerable. The temporal course of needle/leaf sprouting varies widely. Early developers are vulnerable to frost, impairing tree development. Biotic stressors such as high population densities of weevils or mice can cause high mortality. Conclusion: we suggest a conservative approach to tree species selection because present site conditions in mountain areas may impair the development of many tree species that could be viable options in a considerably warmer climate.

scholarly journals Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) as urban tree: tree growth and wood quality variation in a progeny test

2021 ◽  
Vol 918 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
D J Sudrajat ◽  
Y Ayyasy ◽  
I Z Siregar ◽  
L Karlinasari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
High Quality Seed

Abstract Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is a tree species widely planted not only for timber production but also as a shade tree in urban areas both on the side of the highway (green belt) and other green open areas. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variation of growth and wood quality of a mahogany progeny test at the Parung Panjang, Bogor, which will be converted into a seedling seed orchard for high quality seed production. The progeny test was established using a randomized complete block design involving 96 families originating from seven populations (land races) in Java Island, i.e., Cianjur, Sumedang, Tasikmalaya, Magelang, Gundih, Madiun, and Jember. The results showed that the family had a significant effect on all the growth and wood quality parameters. Individual and family heritability for all growth and wood quality traits were categorized into the high, i.e., 0.33 - 0.96 and 0.35 - 0.56, respectively. The selection simulation showed that the selection percentage of 44.68% (45 best families) gave the optimum genetic gain based on growth and wood quality traits.

Tree Shelters Increase Heights of Planted Oaks in a Michigan Clearcut

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas O. Lantagne ◽  
Carl W. Ramm ◽  
Donald I. Dickmann
Keyword(s):  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shelterwood Cut ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Brush Control ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract A shelterwood cut, applied in 1954, failed to adequately regenerate oaks on an upland site in southern Michigan. At age 22, the stand, dominated by dogwood, red maple, black cherry, and other low-quality species, was clearcut and planted to 2-0 northern red oak seedlings. Four treatments included: control (clearcut harvest only), woody brush control, plastic tree seedling shelters, and woody brush control plus tree seedling shelters. The northern red oak seedlings planted in tree shelters were 42% taller than unsheltered seedlings after 2 growing seasons. Over 64% of sheltered seedlings were 3 ft high or taller, compared to only 22% of the unsheltered seedlings, after 2 growing seasons. Woody brush control appeared to have no effect on the 2-year height of planted red oak. North. J. Appl. For. 7(1):24-26, March 1990.

Container Growing Pitch Pine: Germination, Soil pH, and Outplanting Size

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Curtis W. Helm ◽  
John E. Kuser
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Ecotypic Differentiation ◽  
Fire Island ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pine Cones

Abstract Pitch pine cones may be picked when green, 2 weeks to 1 month before apparent ripeness, in order to avoid rodent predation. The resulting seedlings grow as well as those from cones picked later. The mean number of germinants per cone for 46 test families from Cape Cod, Fire Island, and New Jersey was 45.5 when seeds were planted in Leach tubes and started in a greenhouse. Seedlings growing in peat/vermiculite/sand (1:1:1) and amendments at pH 4.8 were significantly larger in volume than seedlings growing at higher or lower pH, and they suffered less damping off than those at higher pH. Seedlings should be grown to minimum stem diameter of 3.0 mm before outplanting. There is evidence of ecotypic differentiation between populations on dissimilar sites at Cape Cod. North. J. Appl. For. 8(2):63-68.

Effects of plus tree selection and seed orchard environment on progenies of Piceaabies

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Johnsen ◽  
Geir Østreng
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Freezing Test ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Natural Stands

Open-pollinated progenies from selected plus trees of Piceaabies (L.) Karst., and from average performing trees (controls) in each of five northern (65–66°N) natural stands in Norway, were tested for growth, timing of bud set, and autumn frost hardiness during the first growing season. The plus trees had also been grafted in a southern seed orchard, Lyngdal (58°N). Crosses were performed in the orchard, using orchard pollen from the same plus trees. All progenies were grown in a common test. There were no differences between natural stand progenies from plus tree and from control stand trees, but the plus tree progenies were different from their seed orchard half-sibs. The seed orchard progenies were slightly taller, formed terminal buds later and were more damaged by frost in a freezing test than their northern half-sibs. Except for one mother, seeds were heavier when produced in the southern seed orchard, but the heavier seeds could not explain the more southern-like performance of the seed orchard progenies. The results are discussed in relation to a hypothesis that the non-native southern seed orchard environment affects the progenies, leading to a more southern phenotypic performance than expected.

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