scholarly journals Effect of Various Types of Intermittent Fasting (IF) on Weight Loss and Improvement of Diabetic Parameters in Human

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Nowosad ◽  
Monika Sujka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
High Risk Type ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting

Abstract Purpose of Review A number of recent studies have suggested that intermittent fasting is as effective as traditional calorie restriction (CR) for weight loss and for cardioprotection. However, it is still unclear whether IF improves diabetes risk indicators as does CR. This review provides an overview of various patterns of intermittent fasting and shows the effect of intermittent fasting on human anthropometric such as excess body weight and biochemical parameters for example high glucose and fasting insulin, which are risk factors for diabetes. Recent Findings There is a growing body of evidence pointing to the benefits of intermittent fasting for glucose and insulin homeostasis, but this should be confirmed by further studies in population groups with (or at high risk) type II diabetes and insulin resistance. Long-term studies are also needed that could reveal potential negative health effects that some studies report. Summary Eleven studies in overweight/obese adult people that included changes in weight, body composition, and diabetic parameters (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c concentration, and HOMA-IR index) were published between 2012 and 2020. Seven studies concerning the effects of alternate day fasting (ADF) on weight loss and diabetic parameters were analyzed. All of them have shown the effects of ADF on weight loss and slight improvement in diabetic parameters. For time-restricted feeding (TRF), a significant improvement in the HOMA-IR index was observed in 2 studies. One study saw an increase in fasting glucose. An analysis of 2 studies using a complete alternate day fasting (CADF) was performed. One study showed decrease in fasting glucose and insulin, and in one a decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was observed. Conclusion Different types of intermittent fasting reduce body weight and reduce diabetes parameters such as fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR index, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Weight loss efficacy of alternate day fasting versus daily calorie restriction in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism: a secondary analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rand T. Akasheh ◽  
Cynthia M. Kroeger ◽  
John F. Trepanowski ◽  
Kelsey Gabel ◽  
Kristin K. Hoddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

This study compared the weight loss efficacy of alternate-day fasting (ADF) versus daily calorie restriction (CR) in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism. After 6 months, body weight decreased (P < 0.001) similarly by ADF (–7% ± 1%) and CR (–8% ± 2%). Insulin resistance decreased (P < 0.05) more by ADF versus CR. Free thyroxin and thyroid-stimulating hormone remained unchanged. Thus, ADF and CR produce similar weight loss in this population, without affecting thyroid hormone levels. Novelty Intermittent fasting and daily restriction produce similar reductions in body weight in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Remission of Diabetes after Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 948-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Smith ◽  
Marcelo W. Hinojosa ◽  
Kevin M. Reavis ◽  
Ninh T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Remission Of Diabetes

Diabetes is a well-recognized and treatable risk factor for cardiac disease, and one of many comorbidities associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of a cohort of morbidly obese patients with documented diabetes who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Fifty-nine patients with sufficient follow-up were included in the study. Mean preoperative duration of diabetes was 68 months. At 1 month postoperatively, mean excess body weight loss was 17 per cent with 29 patients (49%) showing improvement and 21 patients (36%) having remission of their disease. Mean excess body weight loss was 67 per cent at 12 months postoperatively with 25 patients (42%) showing improvement and 34 patients (58%) having remission of diabetes. Mean preoperative fasting blood glucose level decreased from 152 g/dL preoperatively to 100 g/dL at 12 months (P = 0.02), whereas glycosylated hemoglobin decreased from 7.9 per cent to 5.7 per cent, respectively (P < 0.01). Patients with remission of diabetes had a shorter length of condition compared with patients with only improvement (43 vs 103 months, P < 0.01). Weight loss associated with laparoscopic gastric bypass significantly improves diabetes control and results in discontinuation or marked reduction of antidiabetic medications in the majority of patients. Improvement in glucose control occurs as early as 1 month postoperatively.

Abstract P410: Alternate Day Fasting with a High Fat Diet: Impact on Body Weight, Body Composition, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Profile in Obese Adults

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C Klempel ◽  
Cynthia M Kroeger ◽  
Krista A Varady
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting

Background: Alternate day fasting (ADF) with a low-fat (LF) diet is effective for weight loss and cardio-protection. However, the applicability of these findings is questionable as most Americans consume a high-fat (HF) diet. This study examined if these beneficial changes in weight and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk can be reproduced if a HF diet is used in place of a LF diet during ADF. Methods: Thirty-two obese subjects were randomized to an ADF-HF (45% fat) or ADF-LF diet (25% fat), which consisted of two phases: 1) a 2-week baseline weight maintenance period, and 2) an 8-week ADF weight loss period. All food was provided to subjects. Results: Body weight was reduced (P < 0.0001) by ADF-HF (5 ± 1%) and by ADF-LF (4 ± 1%). Fat mass decreased (P < 0.0001) by ADF-HF (5 ± 1 kg) and ADF-LF (4 ± 1 kg). Fat free mass remained unchanged. Waist circumference decreased (P < 0.001) by ADF-HF (7 ± 1 cm) and ADF-LF (7 ± 1 cm). LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were reduced (P < 0.01) by both interventions (ADF-HF: 18 ± 5%, 14 ± 5%; ADF-LF: 24 ± 3%, 14 ± 4%). The proportion of small LDL particles decreased (P < 0.05) in the ADF-HF and ADF-LF groups by 8 ± 3% and 10 ± 4%. Conclusion: Thus, an ADF-HF diet produces similar reductions in weight and CHD risk as an ADF-LF diet. These findings are important in terms of diet tolerability and long-term adherence to ADF diets.

Cardiometabolic Benefits of Intermittent Fasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-361
Author(s):  
Krista A. Varady ◽  
Sofia Cienfuegos ◽  
Mark Ezpeleta ◽  
Kelsey Gabel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting ◽  
Clinically Significant

This review aims to summarize the effects of intermittent fasting on markers of cardiometabolic health in humans. All forms of fasting reviewed here—alternate-day fasting (ADF), the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating (TRE)—produced mild to moderate weight loss (1–8% from baseline) and consistent reductions in energy intake (10–30% from baseline). These regimens may benefit cardiometabolic health by decreasing blood pressure, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels are also lowered, but findings are variable. Other health benefits, such as improved appetite regulation and favorable changes in the diversity of the gut microbiome, have also been demonstrated, but evidence for these effects is limited. Intermittent fasting is generally safe and does not result in energy level disturbances or increased disordered eating behaviors. In summary, intermittent fasting is a safe diet therapy that can produce clinically significant weight loss (>5%) and improve several markers of metabolic health in individuals with obesity.

Abstract 17023: Adipose Tissue Specific Temporal Deletion of Ager Induces Weight Loss in Diet Induced Obese Mice and Improves Glucose Homeostasis

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wilson ◽  
Lakshmi Arivazhagan ◽  
Henry Ruiz ◽  
Jay Pendse ◽  
Laura Frye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Specific Deletion

Introduction: The incidence of obesity and its comorbidities is increasing at an alarming rate in US and around the globe. Our previous studies showed that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligands contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance (IR), as global Ager (gene encoding RAGE) and adipocyte-specific Ager- deleted mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) showed protection from weight gain and IR. However, the role of Ager deletion in mice with established obesity, switched to low fat diet has not been tested. We hypothesize that temporal adipocyte-specific deletion of Ager in obese mice could enhance weight loss and improves glucose homeostasis. Methods: Mice with conditional adipocyte-specific Ager deletion were generated by breeding Ager flox/flox mice with AdipoQ ERT2 Cre recombinase mice resulting in Ager flox/flox / AdipoQ ERT2 Cre (+) and Cre (-) animals. Mice were fed HFD (60% kcal/fat) for 20 weeks starting at 8 weeks of age to establish obesity and were then treated with tamoxifen (TAM) (75 mg/kg per day x 3 alternative days) to induce deletion of Ager . After 4 weeks of TAM treatment, mice were switched to standard chow for 7 weeks and body weight was monitored regularly. Fasting glucose, insulin and glucose tolerance was measured. Results: After 7 weeks of switching to standard chow following TAM, Cre (+) lost significantly more body weight whereas Cre (-) mice showed no significant weight loss over 7 weeks. Furthermore, Cre (+) mice exhibited significantly higher food intake, lower fasting glucose, lower epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue weights, and improved glucose and insulin tolerance compared to Cre (-) mice. Conclusions: Temporal adipocyte-specific deletion of Ager in mice with established obesity promotes weight loss and improves glucose homeostasis. RAGE may act as a novel therapeutic target in obesity.

Skipping breakfast is associated with the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents – ERICA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Marielly Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Morgana Egle Alves Neves ◽  
Amanda de Moura Souza ◽  
Ana Paula Muraro ◽  
Rosangela Alves Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Abstract Breakfast is considered as the most important meal of the day. The habit of skipping this meal in adolescence tends to remain until adulthood and has been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. The present study estimated the prevalence of skipping breakfast and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors. This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), with a nationally representative sample of 36 956 Brazilian adolescents, aged 12–17 years, enrolled in public and private schools. The outcomes were excess body weight (BMI), central obesity (waist circumference and waist:height ratio), lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and TAG) and glycidic profile (fasting glycaemia, fasting insulin and glycated Hb). The association between skipping breakfast and each outcome was estimated using multiple Poisson regression models (prevalence ratio (PR) and 95 % CI). Prevalence of skipping breakfast was 68·7 % and, after adjustments, it was associated with excess body weight (PR = 1·30; 95 % CI 1·18, 1·43), central obesity both by waist circumference (PR = 1·27; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·61) and by waist:height ratio (PR = 1·32; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·54) and high fasting glucose levels (PR = 1·54; 95 % CI 1·09, 2·18), fasting insulin (PR = 1·64; 95 % CI 1·21, 2·22), glycated Hb (PR = 1·16; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·31) and total cholesterol (PR = 1·14; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·27). Skipping breakfast was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence. In this context, the school environment is an ideal space to promote healthy eating habits, favouring the implementation of food and nutrition education activities to make adolescents aware of the importance of consuming breakfast daily.

Predictive factors of excess body weight loss 1 year after laparoscopic bariatric surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1744-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Ortega ◽  
Rosa Morínigo ◽  
Lilliam Flores ◽  
Violeta Moize ◽  
Martin Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery
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