Weight loss efficacy of alternate day fasting versus daily calorie restriction in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism: a secondary analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rand T. Akasheh ◽  
Cynthia M. Kroeger ◽  
John F. Trepanowski ◽  
Kelsey Gabel ◽  
Kristin K. Hoddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

This study compared the weight loss efficacy of alternate-day fasting (ADF) versus daily calorie restriction (CR) in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism. After 6 months, body weight decreased (P < 0.001) similarly by ADF (–7% ± 1%) and CR (–8% ± 2%). Insulin resistance decreased (P < 0.05) more by ADF versus CR. Free thyroxin and thyroid-stimulating hormone remained unchanged. Thus, ADF and CR produce similar weight loss in this population, without affecting thyroid hormone levels. Novelty Intermittent fasting and daily restriction produce similar reductions in body weight in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Types of Intermittent Fasting (IF) on Weight Loss and Improvement of Diabetic Parameters in Human

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Nowosad ◽  
Monika Sujka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
High Risk Type ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting

Abstract Purpose of Review A number of recent studies have suggested that intermittent fasting is as effective as traditional calorie restriction (CR) for weight loss and for cardioprotection. However, it is still unclear whether IF improves diabetes risk indicators as does CR. This review provides an overview of various patterns of intermittent fasting and shows the effect of intermittent fasting on human anthropometric such as excess body weight and biochemical parameters for example high glucose and fasting insulin, which are risk factors for diabetes. Recent Findings There is a growing body of evidence pointing to the benefits of intermittent fasting for glucose and insulin homeostasis, but this should be confirmed by further studies in population groups with (or at high risk) type II diabetes and insulin resistance. Long-term studies are also needed that could reveal potential negative health effects that some studies report. Summary Eleven studies in overweight/obese adult people that included changes in weight, body composition, and diabetic parameters (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c concentration, and HOMA-IR index) were published between 2012 and 2020. Seven studies concerning the effects of alternate day fasting (ADF) on weight loss and diabetic parameters were analyzed. All of them have shown the effects of ADF on weight loss and slight improvement in diabetic parameters. For time-restricted feeding (TRF), a significant improvement in the HOMA-IR index was observed in 2 studies. One study saw an increase in fasting glucose. An analysis of 2 studies using a complete alternate day fasting (CADF) was performed. One study showed decrease in fasting glucose and insulin, and in one a decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was observed. Conclusion Different types of intermittent fasting reduce body weight and reduce diabetes parameters such as fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR index, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

scholarly journals Beverage intake during alternate-day fasting: Relationship to energy intake and body weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Faiza Kalam ◽  
Cynthia M Kroeger ◽  
John F Trepanowski ◽  
Kelsey Gabel ◽  
Jee Hee Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Diet Soda ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Background: Alternate-day fasting (ADF) involves a ‘famine day’ (25% energy intake) and a ‘feast day’ (ad libitum intake). This secondary analysis examined changes in beverage intake in relation to energy intake and body weight during 12 months of ADF versus daily calorie restriction (CR). Methods: Obese subjects ( n = 100 enrolled, n = 69 completers) were randomized to one of three groups for 12 months: (a) ADF; (b) CR; or (c) control. Results: At baseline, intakes of diet soda, caffeinated beverages, sugar-sweetened soda, alcohol, juice, and milk were similar between groups. There were no statistically significant changes in the intake of these beverages by month 6 or 12 between ADF (feast or famine day), CR, or control groups. Beverage intake was not related to energy intake or body weight at month 6 or 12 in any group. Conclusion: These pilot findings suggest that intermittent fasting does not impact beverage intake in a way that affects energy intake or body weight.

Abstract P410: Alternate Day Fasting with a High Fat Diet: Impact on Body Weight, Body Composition, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Profile in Obese Adults

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C Klempel ◽  
Cynthia M Kroeger ◽  
Krista A Varady
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting

Background: Alternate day fasting (ADF) with a low-fat (LF) diet is effective for weight loss and cardio-protection. However, the applicability of these findings is questionable as most Americans consume a high-fat (HF) diet. This study examined if these beneficial changes in weight and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk can be reproduced if a HF diet is used in place of a LF diet during ADF. Methods: Thirty-two obese subjects were randomized to an ADF-HF (45% fat) or ADF-LF diet (25% fat), which consisted of two phases: 1) a 2-week baseline weight maintenance period, and 2) an 8-week ADF weight loss period. All food was provided to subjects. Results: Body weight was reduced (P < 0.0001) by ADF-HF (5 ± 1%) and by ADF-LF (4 ± 1%). Fat mass decreased (P < 0.0001) by ADF-HF (5 ± 1 kg) and ADF-LF (4 ± 1 kg). Fat free mass remained unchanged. Waist circumference decreased (P < 0.001) by ADF-HF (7 ± 1 cm) and ADF-LF (7 ± 1 cm). LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were reduced (P < 0.01) by both interventions (ADF-HF: 18 ± 5%, 14 ± 5%; ADF-LF: 24 ± 3%, 14 ± 4%). The proportion of small LDL particles decreased (P < 0.05) in the ADF-HF and ADF-LF groups by 8 ± 3% and 10 ± 4%. Conclusion: Thus, an ADF-HF diet produces similar reductions in weight and CHD risk as an ADF-LF diet. These findings are important in terms of diet tolerability and long-term adherence to ADF diets.

Cardiometabolic Benefits of Intermittent Fasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-361
Author(s):  
Krista A. Varady ◽  
Sofia Cienfuegos ◽  
Mark Ezpeleta ◽  
Kelsey Gabel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting ◽  
Clinically Significant

This review aims to summarize the effects of intermittent fasting on markers of cardiometabolic health in humans. All forms of fasting reviewed here—alternate-day fasting (ADF), the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating (TRE)—produced mild to moderate weight loss (1–8% from baseline) and consistent reductions in energy intake (10–30% from baseline). These regimens may benefit cardiometabolic health by decreasing blood pressure, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels are also lowered, but findings are variable. Other health benefits, such as improved appetite regulation and favorable changes in the diversity of the gut microbiome, have also been demonstrated, but evidence for these effects is limited. Intermittent fasting is generally safe and does not result in energy level disturbances or increased disordered eating behaviors. In summary, intermittent fasting is a safe diet therapy that can produce clinically significant weight loss (>5%) and improve several markers of metabolic health in individuals with obesity.

Is intermittent fasting more effective than daily calorie restriction for weight loss in otherwise healthy overweight adults?

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan Smith ◽  
Rebecca Beard ◽  
Harrison Gray ◽  
Jonathan Hughes ◽  
Brittany Wininger
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Overweight Adults

Activation of Kappa Opioid Receptor Regulates the Hypothermic Response to Calorie Restriction and Limits Body Weight Loss

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigo Cintron-Colon ◽  
Cristopher Johnson ◽  
Rafael Montenegro ◽  
Carlos Guijas ◽  
Lila Faulhaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Kappa Opioid Receptor ◽  
Kappa Opioid ◽  
Hypothermic Response

Diet-induced fasting ghrelin elevation reflects the recovery of insulin sensitivity and visceral adiposity regression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Tsaban ◽  
Anat Yaskolka Meir ◽  
Hila Zelicha ◽  
Ehud Rinott ◽  
Alon Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Relative Weight Loss ◽  
Similar Weight

Abstract Aims Lower fasting-ghrelin-levels (FGL) are associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. We aimed to explore the dynamics of FGL during weight-loss and its metabolic and adiposity-related manifestations beyond weight-loss. Methods A secondary analysis of a clinical trial where we randomized participants with abdominal-obesity/dyslipidemia to one of three diets: healthy-dietary-guidelines (HDG), Mediterranean diet (MED), or green-MED diet, all combined with physical activity (PA). Both MED diets were similarly hypocaloric and included 28g/day walnuts. The green-MED group further consumed green tea (3-4 cups/day) and a Wolffia-globosa (Mankai) plant green-shake. We measured FGL and quantified body fat depots by Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging at baseline and after 18-months. Results Among 294 participants [body-mass-index=31.3kg/m 2;FGL=504±208pg/mL; retention rate=89.8%], lower FGL were associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic parameters as higher visceral-adipose-tissue (VAT), intra-hepatic fat, leptin, and blood pressure (p&lt;0.05 for all; multivariate models). ∆FGL18-month differed between men (+7.3+26.6%) and women (-9.2+21.3%,p=0.001). After 18-months of moderate and similar weight loss among the MED-groups, FGL increased by 1.3%, 5.4%, and 10.5% in HDG, MED, and green-MED groups, respectively (p=0.03 for green-MED vs. HDG), sex-stratified analysis revealed similar changes in men only. Among men, FGL18-month elevation was associated with favorable changes in insulin resistance profile and VAT regression, after adjusting for relative weight-loss (HbA1c:r=-0.216; homeostatic-model-of insulin-resistance:r=-0.154; HDL-c:r=0.147;VAT:r=-0.221;p&lt;0.05 for all). , Insulin resistance and VAT remained inversely related with FGL elevation, beyond which was explained by weight-loss (residual regression analyses;p&lt;0.05). Conclusions Diet-induced FGL elevation may reflect insulin sensitivity recovery and VAT regression beyond weight-loss, specifically among men. Green-MED diet is associated with greater FGL elevation.

Differential weight loss with intermittent fasting or daily calorie restriction in low‐ and high‐fitness phenotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Davis ◽  
Mark E. Smyers ◽  
Lisa Beltz ◽  
Devanshi M. Mehta ◽  
Steven L. Britton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
High Fitness

Effect of bariatric surgery combined with medical therapy versus intensive medical therapy or calorie restriction and weight loss on glycemic control in Zucker diabetic fatty rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (4) ◽  
pp. R321-R329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Abegg ◽  
Caroline Corteville ◽  
Neil G. Docherty ◽  
Camilo Boza ◽  
Thomas A. Lutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

Bariatric surgery rapidly improves Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our objective was to profile and compare the extent and duration of improved glycemic control following Roux-en-Y gastric (RYGB) bypass surgery and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and compare against calorie restriction/weight loss and medical combination therapy-based approaches using the Zucker diabetic fatty rat (ZDF) rodent model of advanced T2DM. Male ZDF rats underwent RYGB ( n = 15) or SG surgery ( n = 10) at 18 wk of age and received postsurgical insulin treatment, as required to maintain mid-light-phase glycemia within a predefined range (10–15 mmol/l). In parallel, other groups of animals underwent sham surgery with ad libitum feeding ( n = 6), with body weight ( n = 8), or glycemic matching ( n = 8) to the RYGB group, using food restriction or a combination of insulin, metformin, and liraglutide, respectively. Both bariatric procedures decreased the daily insulin dose required to maintain mid-light-phase blood glucose levels below 15 mmol/l, compared with those required by body weight or glycemia-matched rats ( P < 0.001). No difference was noted between RYGB and SG with regard to initial efficacy. SG was, however, associated with higher food intake, weight regain, and higher insulin requirements vs. RYGB at study end ( P < 0.05). Severe hypoglycemia occurred in several rats after RYGB. RYGB and SG significantly improved glycemic control in a rodent model of advanced T2DM. While short-term outcomes are similar, long-term efficacy appears marginally better after RYGB, although this is tempered by the increased risk of hypoglycemia.

scholarly journals Effects of Rapid or Slow Body Weight Reduction on Intramuscular Protein Degradation Pathways During Equivalent Weight Loss on Rats

2017 ◽  
pp. 823-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. NONAKA ◽  
S. URASHIMA ◽  
M. INAI ◽  
S. NISHIMURA ◽  
K. HIGASHIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Plantaris Muscle ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Fast Twitch

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of short-term fasting-induced rapid weight loss with those of slower but equivalent body weight loss induced by daily calorie restriction on muscle protein degradation pathways and muscle protein content. Male Fischer rats were subjected to either 30 % calorie restriction for 2 weeks to slowly decrease body weight (Slow) or 3-day fasting to rapidly decrease body weight by a comparable level of that of the Slow group (Rapid). The final body weights were about 15 % lower in both the Slow and Rapid groups than in the Con group (p<0.001). The total protein content and wet weight of fast-twitch plantaris muscle, but not slow-twitch soleus muscle, were significantly lower in the Rapid group compared with the control rats fed ad libitum. Substantial increases in the expression ratio of autophagosomal membrane proteins (LC3-II/-I ratio) and polyubiquitinated protein concentration, used as biomarkers of autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome activities, respectively, were observed in the plantaris muscle of the Rapid group. Moreover, the LC3-II/-I ratio and polyubiquitinated protein concentration were negatively correlated with the total protein content and wet weight of plantaris muscle. These results suggest that short-term fasting-induced rapid body weight loss activates autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome systems more strongly than calorie restriction-induced slower weight reduction, resulting in muscular atrophy in fast-twitch muscle.

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