scholarly journals Impact of Sexualized Substance Use and Other Risk Practices on HCV Microelimination in gbMSM Living with HIV: Urgent Need for Targeted Strategies. Results of a Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Martínez-Rebollar ◽  
Lorena De La Mora ◽  
Miriam Campistol ◽  
Bruno Cabrera ◽  
Albert Bagué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Risk Practices ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Retrospective cohort study of statin prescribing for primary prevention among people living with HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204800402110310
Author(s):  
Joseph A Nardolillo ◽  
Joel C Marrs ◽  
Sarah L Anderson ◽  
Rebecca Hanratty ◽  
Joseph J Saseen
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Electronic Health Record Data ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective To compare statin prescribing rates between intermediate-risk people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) and intermediate-risk patients without a diagnosis of HIV for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods Retrospective cohort study . Electronic health record data were used to identify a cohort of PLWH aged 40–75 years with a calculated 10-year ASCVD risk between 7.5%-19.9% as determined by the Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE). A matched cohort of primary prevention non-HIV patients was identified. The primary outcome was the proportion of PLWH who were prescribed statin therapy compared to patients who were not living with HIV and were prescribed statin therapy Results 81 patients meeting study criteria in the PLWH cohort were matched to 81 non-HIV patients. The proportion of patients prescribed statins was 33.0% and 30.9% in the PLWH and non-HIV cohorts, respectively (p = 0.74). Conclusion and relevance: This study evaluated statin prescribing in PLWH for primary prevention of ASCVD as described in the 2018 AHA/ACC/Multisociety guideline. Rates of statin prescribing were similar, yet overall low, among intermediate-risk primary prevention PLWH compared to those not diagnosed with HIV.

scholarly journals Time to develop severe acute malnutrition and its predictors among children living with HIV in the era of test and treat strategies at South Gondar hospitals, northwest, Ethiopia, 2021: a multicentre retrospective cohort study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermias Sisay Chanie ◽  
Getasew Legas ◽  
Shimeles Biru Zewude ◽  
Maru Mekie ◽  
Dagne Addisu Sewyew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
South Gondar

Abstract Background Although severe acute malnutrition is a major public issue among HIV infected children, there is no prior evidence in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aims to assess the time to develop severe acute malnutrition and its predictors among children living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia, 2012. Methods An institution based retrospective cohort study was conducted in South Gondar hospitals among 363 HIV infected children from February 10, 2014, to January 7, 2021. Epi-data version 3.1 was used to enter data, which was then exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Besides, WHO (World Health Organization) Anthro Plus software was used to assess the nutritional status of the children. A standardized data extraction tool was used to collect the data. The Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to estimate the median survival time. The Cox-proportional hazard model assumption was checked via the Schoenfeld residual ph test and a stph plot. Bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were employed at 95% confidence intervals (CI). A variable having a p-value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant predictor of severe acute malnutrition. Results A total of 363 children living with HIV, 97 (26.72%) developed severe acute malnutrition during the follow-up period. The overall incidence rate was 5.4 (95% CI: 4.7–5.9) person per year with a total of 21, 492 months or 1791 years of observation. Moreover, the median survival time was 126 months. Treatment failure [AHR =3.4 (95% CI: 2.05–5.75)], CD4 count below threshold [AHR =2.5 (95% CI: 1.64–3.95)], and WHO stage III & IV [AHR =2.9 (95% CI: 1.74–4.73)] were all significant predictors of severe acute malnutrition. Conclusion The time to develop severe acute malnutrition was found to be very low. Treatment failure, CD4 count below threshold, and WHO stage III were all significant predictors of severe acute malnutrition. Hence, emphasizing those predictor variables is essential for preventing and controlling the occurrence of severe acute malnutrition among HIV infected children.

scholarly journals Malaria and intestinal parasite co-infection and its association with anaemia among people living with HIV in Buea, Southwest Cameroon: A community-based retrospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245743
Author(s):  
Sorelle Mekachie Sandie ◽  
Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele ◽  
Martin Mih Tasah ◽  
Helen Kuokuo Kimbi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background Both malaria and intestinal parasites are endemic in Cameroon, and their co-infection can be of great impact on anaemia among people living with HIV (PLWH). This community-based retrospective cohort study determined the prevalence and association of infections with anaemia in PLWH and HIV-negative individuals in Buea, Cameroon from March to August 2019. Methods The study population comprised of 190 PLWH and 216 consenting HIV-negative individuals from the Buea community. Participants were examined clinically, the collected blood sample was used for malaria parasite (MP) detection, HIV diagnosis and haemoglobin (Hb) measurement while stool samples were examined for the detection of intestinal parasites (IPs). Proportions were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test and association of anaemia with independent variables was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results Out of the 406 participants, MP, IPs and MP/IP co-infection prevalences were 15.5%, 13.0% and 3.0% respectively. PLWH had a higher prevalence of MP (16.3%, P = 0.17), IPs (23.7%, P ˂ 0.001) and MP/IPs co-infection (3.7%, P = 0.04) when compared with HIV-negative participants. Similarly, PLWH had significantly lower mean haemoglobin value (11.10 ± 1.54 g/dL) than their HIV-negative counterparts (12.45 ± 2.06 g/dL). Also, PLWH co-infected with MP and IPs were observed to have a significantly lower mean haemoglobin value (10.6 ± 1.21 g/dL). PLWH had a significantly (P ˂ 0.001) higher prevalence of mild (56.8%), moderate (18.4%) and severe (1.6%) anaemia when compared with HIV-negative counterparts. The significant risk factors associated with anaemia included being febrile (P = 0.03), MP-infected only (P = 0.001), HIV-infected only (P < 0.001), having dual (P < 0.001) or triple-infections (P = 0.03). Conclusion Malaria and intestinal parasites remain public health concerns among PLWH and anaemia as a serious haematological abnormality gets exacerbated even with the viral load suppression. Hence, routine medical check-ups among PLWH are recommended.

The Impact of Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders on Mortality in Patients With Eating Disorders: A Nationwide Register-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Isabella Mellentin ◽  
Anna Mejldal ◽  
Maria Mercedes Guala ◽  
René Klinkby Støving ◽  
Lene Stryhn Eriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Evaluation of routine Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among People Living with HIV for reducing Tuberculosis; a retrospective cohort study in Tanzania (2012-2016)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Maokola ◽  
Bernard Ngowi ◽  
Lovett Lawson ◽  
Michael Mahande ◽  
Jim Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) reduced Tuberculosis (TB) among People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Despite this, uptake has been reported to be sub-optimal . We describe characteristics of visits in which PLHIV were screened TB negative (as the main source for IPT initiation), determine characteristics of visits in which PLHIV were initiated on IPT as well as determined factors associated with IPT initiation to inform program scale up and improve quality of service.Methods : Retrospective cohort study design which involved PLHIV enrolled into care and treatment clinics in Dar es Salaam, Iringa and Njombe regions from January 2012 to December 2016. The study aimed at evaluating implementation of IPT among PLHIV. Data analysis was conducted using STATA.Results: A total 173,746 were enrolled in CTC in the 3 regions during the period of follow up and made a total of 2,638,876 visits. Of the eligible visits, only 24,429 (1.26%) were initiated on IPT. In multivariate analysis, 50 years and more (aOR=3.42, 95% CI: 3.07-3.82, P<0.01), bedridden functional status individuals with bedridden functional status (aOR=4.56, 95% CI:2.45-8.49, P<0.01) and WHO clinical stage II had higher odds of IPT initiation (aOR=1.18, 95% CI:1.13-1.23, P<0.01). Furthermore, enrolment in 2016 (aOR=2.92, 95% CI:2.79-3.06, P<0.01), enrolment in hospitals (aOR=1.84, 95% CI:1.77-1.90, P<0.01), enrolment in public health facilities (aOR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.75-1.90, P<0.01) and been on care for more than one year (aOR=6.77, 95% CI: 5.25-8.73, P<0.000) were also more likely to be initiated on IPT. Enrollment in Iringa (aOR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.41-0.47, P<0.01) and good adherence (aOR=0.56, 95% CI 0.47-0.67, P<0.01) was less likely to be initiated on IPT.Conclusions: Our study documented low IPT initiation proportion among those who were enrolled in HIV care and eligible in the 3 regions during the study period. Variations in IPT initiation among regions signals different dynamics affecting IPT uptake in different regions and hence customized approaches in quality improvement. Implementation research is needed to understand health system as well as cultural barriers in the uptake of IPT intervention.

scholarly journals Cessation of breastfeeding and associated factors in the era of elimination of mother to child transmission of HIV at Ndejje Health Center, Uganda: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackslina Gaaniri Ngbapai ◽  
Jonathan Izudi ◽  
Stephen Okoboi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
One Year ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract BackgroundBreastfeeding an infant exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) carries the risk of HIV acquisition whilst not breastfeeding poses a higher risk of death from malnutrition, diarrhea, and pneumonia. In Uganda, mothers living with HIV are encouraged to discontinue breastfeeding at 12 months but data are limited. We examined the frequency and factors associated with cessation of breastfeeding at one year among mothers living with HIV at Ndejje Health Center IV, a large peri-urban health facility in Uganda.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study involved all mothers living with HIV and enrolled in HIV care for ≥ 12 months between June 2014 and June 2018. We abstracted data from registers, held focus group discussions with mothers living with HIV and key informant interviews with healthcare providers. Cessation of breastfeeding was defined as the proportion of mothers living with HIV who had discontinued breastfeeding at one year. We summarized quantitative data descriptively, tested differences in outcome using Chi-square and t - tests, and established independently associated factors using modified Poisson regression analysis at 5 % statistical significance level. We thematically analyzed qualitative data to enrich and triangulate the quantitative results. ResultsOf 235 participants, 150 (63.8 %) had ceased breastfeeding at one year and this was independently associated with the infant being male (Adjusted Risk Ratio [aRR] 1.25, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.04, 1.50), the mother being multiparous (aRR 1.26, 95 % CI 1.04-1.53), and the initiation of breastfeeding being on the same-day as birth (aRR 0.06, 95 % CI 0.01-0.41). The reasons for ceasing breastfeeding included male infants over breastfeed than females, maternal literacy and knowledge adequacy about breastfeeding, support and reminders from the partner, and boys can bite once they get teeth. ConclusionSuboptimal proportion of infants were ceased from breastfeeding at one year and this might increase the risk of mother to child transmission of HIV. Cessation of breastfeeding was more likely among male infants and multiparous mothers but less likely when breastfeeding was initiated on the same-day as birth. Interventions to enhance cessation of breastfeeding should target none multiparous mothers and those with female infants.

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