Impact of low-carbohydrate diet on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis in adult

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nava Morshedzadeh ◽  
Amirhossein Ramezani Ahmadi ◽  
Raziye Tahmasebi ◽  
Ronia Tavasolian ◽  
Javad Heshmati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

scholarly journals Restricting Calories on Low-Carbohydrate vs Low-fat Diets for Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1609-1609
Author(s):  
Anthony Basile ◽  
Michael Renner ◽  
Jessica Scillian ◽  
Karen Sweazea
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Loss ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Fat Mass Loss

Abstract Objectives As the never-ending macronutrient debate for weight loss continues, conflicting evidence persist. Per the carbohydrate-insulin hypothesis, a low-carbohydrate diet (LC) should produce a greater weight/fat loss compared to a low-fat/calorie diet (LF) by releasing less of the anabolic hormone insulin. However, from a ‘calories in, calories out’ perspective, does restricting calories on a LC diet produce a greater weight/fat loss compared to a LF diet? Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of LC vs LF trials for weight loss was conducted and data were collected from 53 studies. Weight loss data were converted to kcals (1 kg = 3500 kcals) and a ratio was produced for each individual diet (ID-Ratio: weight loss in kcals/restricted dietary kcals) where a ratio of 1 indicates that one dietary kcal restriction equals one kcal of weight loss. Next, to compare the two diets, a comparison ratio (DC-Ratio: LC ID-Ration/LF ID-Ratio) was produced where a ratio greater than 1 indicates greater weight loss per dietary calorie restricted with LC diet. These calculations were repeated for body fat loss for full duration (n = 30 trials) and time of greatest weight loss (TGWL; Weight Loss: n = 19 trials; Fat Mass Loss: n = 4 trials). Results LC diets produced a greater weight loss (Full Duration: 6.10 kg vs 4.86 kg; n = 53 trials; P = 0.024; TGWL: 6.29 kg vs 4.34 kg; n = 19 trials; P = 0.024), however no difference was found for the amount of restricted calories or fat mass loss for either duration. No difference was found for the LC and LF ID-Ratios for weight or fat mass loss for either duration. The mean weight loss DC-Ratio was greater than 1 (Full Duration Mean: 1.61, SD: 1.71, n = 53 studies, P = 0.004; TGWL Mean: 1.74, SD: 1.0, n = 19 trails, P = 0.010) indicating a greater weight loss per calorie restricted with a LC diet. However, the fat loss DC-Ratio was not different from 1 (Full Duration Mean: 1.74, SD: 1.09, n = 30 trials, P = 0.552; TGWL Mean: 1.25, SD: 0.53, n = 4 trials, P = 0.428). Conclusions From a ‘calories in, calories out’ perspective, restricting calories on a LC diet produced a greater weight loss for the full duration of the trails and at the time of greatest weight loss compared to a LF diet. As no effect was seen on LC diets and fat mass loss, these results do not support the carbohydrate-insulin hypothesis of obesity. Funding Sources School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University.

scholarly journals Serum metabolomic analysis of men on a low-carbohydrate diet for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer reveal the potential role of ketogenesis to slow tumor growth: A secondary analysis of the CAPS2 diet trial

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Tsan Ashley Chi ◽  
Pao-Hwa Lin ◽  
Vladimir Tolstikov ◽  
Lauren Howard ◽  
Emily Y. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Metabolic Basis

Background: Systemic treatments for prostate cancer (PC) have significant side effects. Thus, newer alternatives with fewer side effects are urgently needed. Animal and human studies suggest the therapeutic potential of low carbohydrate diet (LCD) for PC. To test this possibility, Carbohydrate and Prostate Study 2 (CAPS2) trial was conducted in PC patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after local treatment to determine the effect of a 6-month LCD intervention vs. usual care control on PC growth as measured by PSA doubling time (PSADT). We previously reported the LCD intervention led to significant weight loss, higher HDL, and lower triglycerides and HbA1c with a suggested longer PSADT. However, the metabolic basis of these effects are unknown. Methods: To identify the potential metabolic basis of effects of LCD on PSADT, serum metabolomic analysis was performed using baseline, month 3, and month 6 banked sera to identify the metabolites significantly altered by LCD and that correlated with varying PSADT. Results: LCD increased the serum levels of ketone bodies, glycine and hydroxyisocaproic acid. Reciprocally, LCD reduced the serum levels of alanine, cytidine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and 2-oxobutanoate. As high ADMA level is shown to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) signaling and contribute to various cardiovascular diseases, the ADMA repression under LCD may contribute to the LCD-associated health benefit. Regression analysis of the PSADT revealed a correlation between longer PSADT with higher level of 2-hydroxybutyric acids, ketone bodies, citrate and malate. Longer PSADT was also associated with LCD reduced nicotinamide, fructose-1, 6-biphosphate (FBP) and 2-oxobutanoate. Conclusion: These results suggest a potential association of ketogenesis and TCA metabolites with slower PC growth and conversely glycolysis with faster PC growth. The link of high ketone bodies with longer PSADT supports future studies of ketogenic diets to slow PC growth.

EFFECT OF A HIGH ENERGY, LOW CARBOHYDRATE DIET ON SERUM LEVELS OF LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Elliot Cham ◽  
H. P. Roeser ◽  
A. Warrell ◽  
I. Linton ◽  
P. Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

Impact of low-carbohydrate diet on body composition: meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hashimoto ◽  
T. Fukuda ◽  
C. Oyabu ◽  
M. Tanaka ◽  
M. Asano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Low-Carbohydrate-Diet Score and its Association with the Risk of Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (08) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazli Namazi ◽  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
Leila Azadbakht
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Diet Score

AbstractThe association between a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) is contradictory. This study is a systemic review of cohort studies that have focused on the association between the LCD score and DM. We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar for papers published through January 2017 with no language restrictions. Cohort studies that reported relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for DM were included. Finally, 4 studies were considered for our meta-analysis. The total number of participants ranged from 479 to 85 059. Among 4 cohort studies, 8 081 cases with DM were observed over follow-up durations ranging from 3.6 to 20 years. A marginal significant association was observed between the highest LCD score and the risk of DM (RR=1.17; 95% CI: 0.9, 1.51). Moreover, the RRs for studies with energy adjustments showed a significant association (RR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.49; I2: 0%). Based on our findings, study qualities score of less or equal to 7 had a significant influence on the pooled effect size (RR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.49; I2: 0%), whereas the overall RR in the studies with quality score more than 7 was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.63). In conclusion, we have found that the highest LCD score was marginally associated with the risk of DM. However, more prospective cohort studies are needed to clarify the effects of the LCD score on the risk of DM.

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