A Review of the Acute Effects and Long-Term Adaptations of Single- and Multi-Joint Exercises during Resistance Training

Studies assessed the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure (BP); however, few studies have evaluated the effects of long-term resistance training on variations of this response. The aim of the study was to verify through a systematic review, the long-term effect of resistance training on BP. Searches were made on Medline through Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Lilacs databases. Overall, 751 articles were found, of which 22 were further analyzed. The analysis followed the PRISMA checklist (Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies) and was divided according to two resistance training models: traditional resistance training (TRT), resistance training alone; or combined resistance training (CRT), resistance training associated with aerobic exercise. Greater BP reductions occurred for CRT compared to TRT. However, further studies are needed to better explicit the resistance training variables (number of exercises, repetitions, number of sets, intervals, speed of execution and load intensity), in order to identify the best training model and improve the methodological quality of experiments in an attempt to reduce the risk of bias.

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Autoregulation in Resistance Training for Lower Limb Tendinopathy: A Potential Method for Addressing Individual Factors, Intervention Issues and Inadequate Outcomes

10.31236/osf.io/zxvuy ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ian Burton

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Potential Method ◽

Future Research ◽

Individual Factors ◽

Recurrence Rates ◽

High Incidence ◽

Training Protocols

Musculoskeletal disorders such as tendinopathy are having an increasing burden on society and health systems. Tendinopathy is responsible for up to 30% of musculoskeletal disorders, having a high incidence in athletes and the general population. Although resistance training has shown short-term effectiveness for treating lower limb tendinopathy, more comprehensive exercise protocols and progression methods are required due to poor long-term outcomes. The most common resistance training protocols are pre-determined and standardised, which presents significant limitations. Current standardized protocols do not adhere to scientific resistance training principles and do not consider individual factors or take the importance of individualised training into account. Resistance training programs in tendinopathy are currently not achieving required intensity and dosage, leading to high recurrence rates. Therefore, better methods for individualising and progressing resistance training are required to improve outcomes. One potential method is autoregulation, which allows individuals to progress training at their own rate, taking individual factors into account. Despite being found effective for increasing strength in healthy athletes, autoregulation methods have not been investigated in tendinopathy. The purpose of this article was threefold: first to give an overview of individual factors in tendinopathy and current resistance training protocols in tendinopathy and their limitations. Secondly, to give an overview of the history, methods and application of autoregulation strategies both in sports performance and physiotherapy. Finally, a theoretical adaptation of a tendinopathy resistance training protocol with autoregulation methods is presented, providing an example of how the method could be implemented in clinical practice or future research.

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Long Term Concurrent Heat Stress does not Improve upon Performance Gains by Resistance Training

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.03166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Shavin Chandrasiri ◽

Andre Nelson ◽

Adam Storey ◽

Andrew Garnham ◽

Helen Hadiyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Performance Gains

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The acute effects of different resistance training loads on repeated sprint ability in water polo players

Human Movement ◽

10.5114/hm.2021.103293 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Athanasios A. Dalamitros ◽

Panagiotis Orologas ◽

Stamatia Nousiou ◽

Eleni Semaltianou ◽

Athanasia Zourladani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Water Polo ◽

Repeated Sprint Ability ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Sprint Ability

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Long-term time-course of strength adaptation to minimal dose resistance training: Retrospective longitudinal growth modelling of a large cohort through training records

10.31236/osf.io/eq485 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James Steele ◽

James Fisher ◽

Jürgen Giessing ◽

Patroklos Androulakis-Korakakis ◽

Milo Wolf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Time Course ◽

Small Samples ◽

Strength Development ◽

Minimal Growth ◽

Minimal Effective Dose ◽

Minimal Dose

Objective: Public health guidelines for resistance training typically emphasize a minimal effective dose approach. The intention for such guidelines is that individuals engage in these behaviors over the long-term. However, relatively few studies have examined the longitudinal time-course of strength adaptations to resistance training and those which have typically utilize small samples and/or athletic populations. Further, no studies have employed approaches to incorporate participant level random factors into modelling. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the time-course of strength development resulting from continued participation in minimal dose resistance training in a large sample through retrospective training records. Methods: Data was available for analysis from 14,690 participants who had undergone minimal dose resistance training (1x/week, single sets to momentary failure of six exercises) with records ranging up to 352 weeks (~6.8 years) in length. Linear-log growth models examining the development of strength over time were fit allowing random intercepts and slopes by participant. In addition, the interaction of sex and age were examined as fixed effects. Results: All models demonstrated a robust linear-log relationship which on the untransformed time scale clearly demonstrated the presence of a plateau in strength development around ~1 year into training after which strength was essentially maintained with minimal growth. Sex and age had minimal interaction effects. Conclusions: Substantial strength gains are possible with the use of a minimal dose resistance training approach. Though, these begin to plateau after ~1 year of training with little impact from sex or age on the emergence of this plateau. It is unclear if this plateau can be overcome through alternative approaches. Considering this, our results support public health recommendations for minimal dose resistance training to induce and maintain strength adaptations in adults.

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