Sites of secretion of bioactive compounds in leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica L.: anatomical, histochemical, and essential oil study

Abstract Dracocephalum moldavica L. is an aromatic plant emitting intense lemon scent. The aboveground parts of the plants constitute raw material for medicine and food industry. In contrast to the comprehensively investigated trichomes, there are only few studies of the histochemical characteristics of the leaves of essential oil-bearing plants from the family Lamiaceae. The present study shows the micromorphology, anatomy, and histochemistry of the leaves of the analysed species. The research aimed to determine the location of essential oil and other specialised metabolites in leaf tissues. The investigations of fresh and fixed material were carried out with the use of light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the content and composition of essential oil in the leaves were determined with the GC/MS method. The leaf epidermis had non-glandular unbranched trichomes and three types of glandular trichomes: peltate as well as long and short capitate trichomes. The results of the histochemical assays showed positive reactions to lipids and to some secondary compounds such as essential oil, terpenes, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in all types of the glandular and non-glandular trichomes. The same compounds were found in the epidermis cells of the leaves. The results of the present study indicate that the intense smell of the leaves is associated with emission of essential oil not only by the glandular and non-glandular trichomes but also by the leaf epidermis cells. The main components in the essential oil (0.10%) include geranial, neral, geraniol, nerol, and trans-myrtanol acetate. Since D. moldavica has been used as an adulterant of Melissa officinalis L., the anatomical traits of leaves and the essential oil composition in both species were compared in the study.

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Essential Oil Composition and Micromorphological Traits of Satureja montana L., S. subspicata Bartel ex Vis., and S. kitaibelii Wierzb. Ex Heuff. Plant Organs

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 511

Author(s):

Tanja Dodoš ◽

Smiljana Janković ◽

Petar D. Marin ◽

Nemanja Rajčević

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Relative Yield ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Plant Organs ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Capitate Trichomes ◽

Peltate Trichomes

The essential oil (EO) composition of Satureja plants is highly variable. Recent studies suggest that there is an even difference in the EO composition from different plant organs within the same plant. This study aims to examine the chemical profile of EOs and the micromorphological characteristics of different organs of three Satureja species. The relationship between the number of glandular trichomes and EOs profile and relative yield is also investigated. Individuals from five populations were visualized using a scanning electron microscope, while EOs of leaves, calyces, corollas, and whole aerial parts were isolated using simultaneous distillation and extraction and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Three types of glandular trichomes were detected. Peltate trichomes were present on all plant organs of studied species, while two types of capitate trichomes show different organ and species preferences. The EOs profiles differed across the plant parts, but showed a species specific composition. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to show a correlation between the peltate trichomes and EO yield, and chemophenetic significance of EO profiles.

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Essential Oil Composition of Helichrysum conglobatum from Cyprus

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601101024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601101

Author(s):

Kaan Polatoğlua ◽

Betül Demirci ◽

İhsan Çalιş ◽

Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Hexadecanoic Acid ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Tetradecanoic Acid ◽

First Report ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Main Components ◽

Essential Oil Yield

The essential oil of aerial parts of Helichrysum conglobatum (Viv.) Steudel. (Asteraceae) from Cyprus was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil yield was 0.01, v/w. Forty five compounds were identified in the oil comprising 96.1% of the total. The essential oil was mainly composed of sesquiterpene type compounds and oxygenated sesquiterpene derivatives. The main components of the oil were β-caryophyllene (14.6%), γ-curcumene (14.1%), hexadecanoic acid (13.5%), tetradecanoic acid (7.5%), rosifoliol (5.4%) and δ-cadinene (5.3%). This is the first report on the essential oil composition of H. conglobatum from Cyprus.

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Essential Oil Composition of the Umbels and Fruit of Prangos Uloptera DC

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0700200118 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hossein Nazemiyeh ◽

Seied M. Razavi ◽

Abbas Delazar ◽

Rogaieh Hajiboland ◽

Valiollah Mozaffarian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Main Components ◽

Fruit Oil

The composition of the essential oils of the umbels and fruit of Prangos uloptera, an indigenous Iranian medicinal plant, was determined by GC-MS analyses. A total of 10 and 18 compounds were identified, respectively, from the essential oils of the umbels and the fruit. The identified compounds represented, respectively, 93.2% and 83.0% of the total essential oils. While the main components of the umbels oil were α-pinene (31.78%), β-bourbonene (15.9%), α-curcumene (10.65%), spathulenol (9%) and m-cymene (5.51%), those of the fruit oil were α-pinene (14.98%), β-bourbonene (7.81%), α-humulene (7.74%), germacrene B (7.23%) and n-tetracosane (6.65%).

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Antimicrobial Activity, Essential Oil Composition and Micromorphology of Trichomes of Satureja laxiflora C. Koch from Iran

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2004-11-1202 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 59 (11-12) ◽

pp. 777-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Ali Sonboli ◽

Alireza Fakhari ◽

Mohammad Reza Kanani ◽

Morteza Yousefzadi

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Antimicrobial Property ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Geranyl Acetate ◽

Native Plant ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Total Oil

The antimicrobial activity, essential oil composition and micromorphology of trichomes of Satureja laxiflora C. Koch, a native plant from Iran, were studied. The essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts at the flowering stage by hydrodistillation, and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-three compounds representing 99.1% of the total oil were characterized. The major compounds were thymol (63.9%) and γ-terpinene (11.9%) followed by carvacrol (4.8%), p-cymene (3.9%), geraniol (3.2%) and geranyl acetate (3.1%). Furthermore, the essential oil and its three main components were tested against two bacteria and three fungi. The result of the bioassays has been shown that the oil possesses potent antimicrobial property. Chemical studies confirmed that a major portion of this antimicrobial activity is due to thymol present in the oil. Micromorphological analysis by SEM of both vegetative and reproductive organs revealed the presence of abundant sessile capitate and sparse short-stalked glandular trichomes along with retrorse eglandular hairs, giving useful diagnostic characters for identification of this medicinal plant.

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Glandular trichomes, histochemical localization of secretion, and essential oil composition inPlectranthus grandidentatusgrowing in Portugal

Flavour and Fragrance Journal ◽

10.1002/ffj.3175 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 393-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Luísa Mota ◽

Ana Cristina Figueiredo ◽

Luis G. Pedro ◽

José G. Barroso ◽

Lia Ascensão

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Histochemical Localization ◽

Oil Composition

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COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL PRUNUS PERSICA VAR. NECTARINA GROWING IN UZBEKI-STAN

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2020046542 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 165-170

Author(s):

Ra"no Botirovna Karabaeva ◽

Alidzhan Aminovich Ibragimov ◽

Otabek Mamadaliyevich Nazarov

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Component Composition ◽

Raw Material ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Pale Yellow ◽

Yellow Color ◽

The Republic ◽

Main Components

The article presents the results of determining the composition of essential oils of Prunus persica var. nectarina varieties "yellow nectarine" – "sariк luchchak (uzb.) ", growing in two regions of the Ferghana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The pale yellow essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from un-dried fresh leaves of plants. The oil composition was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry on an Agilent 7890 AGC 6890 N gas chromotograph with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent 5975C inert MSD) as a detector on an HP-5 MS quartz capillary column. An essential oil of pale yellow color was isolated from the leaves of plants. In the composition of essential oils, 56 and 61 compounds were identified in the first and second samples, respectively, wich is 94.55 and 96.00% of the total components. The dominant components of the first saple are camphor bicyclic monoterpene ketones (24.21%), α-thujone (15.00%) and β-thujone (4.27%), aromatic aldehyde benzaldehyde (18.83%) and isobornoleol bicyclic monoterpene alcohol (6.17%). In the second sample, bicyclic monoterpenic ketones (camphor) (36.67%), α-thujone (21.81%) and β-thujone (7.06%) and bicyclic monoterpene alcohol isobornoleol (9.4%) predominate and monocyclic unsaturated monoterpene α-terpinene (2.18%). In both samples, (+)-2-bornanone (camphor) is predominant. The studied variety Prunus persica var. nectarina can serve as a raw material for the production of essential oil, the main components of which are camphor and isobornoleol.

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Variations of Essential Oil Constituents in Oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. viridulum (= O. heracleoticum) over Cultivation Cycles

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9091174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Edoardo Napoli ◽

Antonio Giovino ◽

Alessandra Carrubba ◽

Vandana How Yuen Siong ◽

Carmelo Rinoldo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Aromatic Plant ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

Quality Aspects ◽

Beginning Of Flowering ◽

Main Components ◽

Over Time

Oregano is—probably—the most appreciated and widespread aromatic plant in Sicily. With the aim of evaluating the modifications of oregano’s essential oil composition over time, between 2013 and 2015 six weekly samplings of three different oregano plantations were carried out, from the beginning of flowering (early May) until the traditional harvest moment (end of June). Samples were hydrodistilled and the obtained essential oils (EOs) were evaluated by means of a combination of GC–FID and GC–MS. The Origanum plants under study were demonstrated to belong to the high-yielding, thymol-type biotypes, with thymol, γ-terpinene and p-cymene as three main components, among the total of about 50 of the evaluated EOs. In each location, EO yields were found to increase throughout survey dates. Significant variations were found in many EO components, both across years and throughout harvest dates within locations. The choice of the harvest moment was confirmed to be crucial in assessing quality aspects of oregano.

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Plectranthus madagascariensis: Morphology of the Glandular Trichomes, Essential Oil Composition, and Its Biological Activity

International Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1086/297518 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 159 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Lia Ascensão ◽

A. Cristina Figueiredo ◽

José G. Barroso ◽

Luis G. Pedro ◽

Jan Schripsema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEAF ANATOMY AND ESSENTIAL OILS OF THE HYBRID MENTHA X VILLOSO-NERVATA AND ITS PARENTAL SPECIES M. LONGIFOLIA AND M. SPICATA

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1080/07929978.1998.10676704 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Nikos Gavalas ◽

Artemios Bosabalidis M. ◽

Stella Kokkini

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Parental Species ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Lower Leaf Surface ◽

Palisade And Spongy Parenchyma ◽

Derivatives Of

Leaves of the hybrid Mentha x villoso-nervata are covered with nonglandular trichomes of intermediate length between those of its parental taxa M. longifolia and M. spicata. Glandular trichomes producing essential oils are more numerous on the lower leaf surface than on the upper one in all three mints. Their number per mm2 is higher in M. spicata and it decreases in M. longifolia and M. x villoso-nervata. Stomata are also more numerous on the lower leaf surface of the three taxa, with M. longifolia predominating. The leaf lamina of M. x villoso-nervata is ca. 83% thicker than that of M. longifolia and ca. 9% thicker than that of M. spicata. The number of chloroplasts per mm2 of mesophyll section (leaf cross section) is higher in M. X villoso-nervata. In leaf paradermal sections, the sizes of the epidermal, palisade, and spongy parenchyma cells of M. X villoso-nervata have intermediate values between those of its parental species M. longifolia and M. spicata. M. x villoso-nervata leaves are the lowest in essential oil content. As concerns the essential oil composition, the hybrid resembles one parent, M. longifolia, in the derivatives of piperitenone and piperitone, and the other parent, M. spicata, in the high amount of limonene. It differs, however, from its parental species in that it contains a higher amount of germacrene D.

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Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of the New Cultivars of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Bred in Ukraine

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26185681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (18) ◽

pp. 5681

Author(s):

Katarzyna Pokajewicz ◽

Marietta Białoń ◽

Liudmyla Svydenko ◽

Roman Fedin ◽

Nataliia Hudz

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Selective Breeding ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Raw Material ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Lavandula Angustifolia ◽

Industry Standards ◽

New Varieties ◽

New Cultivars

Lavender, otherwise known as Lavandula angustifolia Mill., is widely used in landscaping, and its oil is a valuable raw material used in many industries. Therefore, new varieties of this plant are bred. The essential oil composition obtained from fresh flowers of thirteen new Ukrainian cultivars of L. angustifolia were analysed by GC-MS, and eighty-two components were identified. Linalool and linalyl acetate were principal constituents of all of the samples, and ranged from 11.4% to 46.7% and 7.4% to 44.2%, respectively. None of the studied samples fulfilled the requirements of Ph. Eur. and ISO 3515:2002. The main reason was a high content of α-terpineol (0.5–4.5%) and/or terpinene-4-ol (1.2–18.7%). Our results are in line with multiple researchers showing that the studied lavender oils do not comply with the industry standards despite their authenticity. We also investigated the effect of the growth year on the chemical composition of five tested cultivars grown on the same plots and noticed a considerable variability between years. The obtained experimental data did not show a significant inter-year trend for the content changes of the major components. Our results allow us to deeply characterize the new cultivars and evaluate their oil for a possible use in the industry, or to designate them for future selective breeding.

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