scholarly journals The Associations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Eye Disorders: Potential Insights into Pathogenesis and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeyun Ahn ◽  
Michael B. Gorin
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Common ◽  
Osa Treatment ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Abstract Purpose of Review Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients are at significantly increased risks for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidities. Recently, there has been heightened interest in the association of OSA with numerous ocular diseases and possible improvement of these conditions with the initiation of OSA treatment. We reviewed the current evidence with an emphasis on the overlapping pathogeneses of both diseases. Recent Findings Currently available literature points to a substantial association of OSA with ocular diseases, ranging from those involving the eyelid to optic neuropathies and retinal vascular diseases. Since the retina is one of the highest oxygen-consuming tissues in the body, the intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia ensuing in OSA can have deleterious effects on ocular function and health. Tissue hypoxia, autonomic dysfunction, microvascular dysfunction, and inflammation all play important roles in the pathogenesis of both OSA and ocular diseases. Whether OSA treatment is capable of reversing the course of associated ocular diseases remains to be determined. It is anticipated that future therapeutic approaches will target the common underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and promote favorable effects on the treatment of known associated ocular diseases. Summary Emerging evidence supports the association of ocular diseases with untreated OSA. Future studies focusing on whether therapeutic approaches targeting the common pathophysiologic mechanisms will be beneficial for the course of both diseases are warranted.

scholarly journals Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Asthma: More Than Chance?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Pepito ◽  
Jamal M. Mohammed ◽  
Kimberly A. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Esophageal Reflux ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Purpose of Review To discuss the current evidence regarding the association and mechanistic interaction between asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Recent Findings The co-existence of OSA is highly prevalent in asthmatics and significantly associated with increased severity, decreased control, more frequent exacerbations, and hospitalizations despite medical management. Pre-existing asthma may also be a risk factor for new onset OSA. Rhinitis, obesity, and gastro-esophageal reflux are risk factors in both conditions. The obese asthmatic with OSA may present a unique phenotype. Positive airway pressure in severe asthma improves outcomes. Summary Pathophysiologic mechanisms and co-morbidities overlap between OSA and asthma, but the exact link has yet to be confirmed. Screening for OSA is recommended in those with severe asthma. Further investigations are needed to delineate the cellular processes with therapeutic targets. Similarly, prospective investigations are needed to evaluate the longitudinal relationship in pre-existing asthma and the development of OSA.

Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (47) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Danuta Łoboda ◽  
Karolina Simionescu ◽  
Anna Szajerska-Kurasiewicz ◽  
Dorota Lasyk ◽  
Grzegorz Jarosiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Conduction Disturbances ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Cardiac arrhythmias during sleep are reported in almost half of the population suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The most common are bradyarrhythmias and atrial fibrillation whereas premature ventricular contractions and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia are less frequent. The risk of arrhythmia is proportional to the body mass index (BMI), number of respiratory events per hour of sleep described with apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and the level of oxygen desaturation during these episodes. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in OSA reduces the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias therefore reduce mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Impact of the type of mask on the effectiveness of and adherence to continuous positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnea

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Garcia Santos de Andrade ◽  
Vivien Schmeling Piccin ◽  
Juliana Araújo Nascimento ◽  
Fernanda Madeiro Leite Viana ◽  
Pedro Rodrigues Genta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Osa Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Although CPAP was originally applied with a nasal mask, various interfaces are currently available. This study reviews theoretical concepts and questions the premise that all types of interfaces produce similar results. We revised the evidence in the literature about the impact that the type of CPAP interface has on the effectiveness of and adherence to OSA treatment. We searched the PubMed database using the search terms "CPAP", "mask", and "obstructive sleep apnea". Although we identified 91 studies, only 12 described the impact of the type of CPAP interface on treatment effectiveness (n = 6) or adherence (n = 6). Despite conflicting results, we found no consistent evidence that nasal pillows and oral masks alter OSA treatment effectiveness or adherence. In contrast, most studies showed that oronasal masks are less effective and are more often associated with lower adherence and higher CPAP abandonment than are nasal masks. We concluded that oronasal masks can compromise CPAP OSA treatment adherence and effectiveness. Further studies are needed in order to understand the exact mechanisms involved in this effect.

Maxillary, Mandibular, and Hyoid Advancement: An Alternative to Tracheostomy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

1986 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 584-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Riley ◽  
Nelson B. Powell ◽  
Christian Guilleminault ◽  
German Nino-Murcia
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

Nine patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)—for whom several therapeutic approaches, including palatopharyngoplasty, had failed—were treated with a combined maxillary, mandibular, and hyoid advancement. Objective evaluation—performed before and 4 to 18 months after surgery, using nocturnal polysomography—indicated that the OSAS had improved or had disappeared. This surgical approach is beneficial for specific cases of OSAS, which can be identified by mandatory presurgical tests.

19 IMPACT OF ADENOTONSILLECTOMY ON THE BODY MASS INDEX OF CHILDREN WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. S81.2-S81
Author(s):  
R. B. Mitchell ◽  
C. Kerwin ◽  
S. A. Stoerner ◽  
B. Skipper
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

scholarly journals 0982 Decide2Rest: A Program for Promoting Person-centered Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Treatment

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A395-A395
Author(s):  
Constance H Fung ◽  
Jennifer L Martin ◽  
Li-Jung Liang ◽  
Ron D Hays ◽  
Nananda Col ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Osa Treatment

Adenotonsillectomy for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsuan Lee ◽  
Wei-Chung Hsu ◽  
Jenq-Yuh Ko ◽  
Te-Huei Yeh ◽  
Ming-Tzer Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Osa Treatment

Objective Adenotonsillectomy outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment among children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in OSA treatment among children with PWS. Data Source PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Review up to February 2019. Review Methods The registry number of the protocol published on PROSPERO was CRD42015027053. Two authors independently searched the relevant database. Polysomnography outcomes in these children were examined, including net postoperative changes in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), net postoperative changes in the minimum and mean oxygen saturation, the overall success rate for a postoperative AHI <1, and the overall success rate for a postoperative AHI <5. Results Six studies with 41 patients were analyzed (mean age, 5.0 years; 55% boys; mean sample size, 6.8 patients). All children had PWS and received adenotonsillectomy for the treatment of OSA. The AHI was 13.1 events per hour (95% CI, 11.0-15.1) before surgery and 4.6 events per hour (95% CI, 4.1-5.1) after surgery. The mean change in the AHI was a significant reduction of 8.0 events per hour (95% CI, −10.8 to −5.1). The overall success rate was 21% (95% CI, 11%-38%) for a postoperative AHI <1 and 71% (95% CI, 54%-83%) for a postoperative AHI <5. Some patients developed velopharyngeal insufficiency postoperatively. Conclusion Adenotonsillectomy was associated with OSA improvement among children with PWS. However, residual OSA was frequently observed postoperatively in these patients.

The Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Balance, Gait, and Falls Risk: A Narrative Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2450-2460 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stevens ◽  
Brianna Jackson ◽  
Jayne Carberry ◽  
James McLoughlin ◽  
Chris Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Falls Risk ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Osa Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Falls-related hospitalization and injury rates are steadily increasing globally due to a growth in the aging population, and the associated health problems that increase risk of falls. One such associated health problem is sleep disturbances and disorders. Recent cohort studies have shown that subjectively reported poor quality sleep is associated with an increased risk of falls. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by the repetitive reductions, or cessation, of airflow. Some studies have shown that OSA impairs posture/balance and gait with nocturnal hypoxemia the likely main cause. Emerging evidence suggests that treating OSA by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can improve gait, but no studies to date have examined the effect of CPAP on posture/balance. The overall control of balance relies on a complex interaction between several physiological functions including vestibular, muscle, visual, and cognitive functions. We postulate that OSA impacts balance by affecting these different systems to various degrees, with the nocturnal hypoxic burden likely playing an important role. Importantly, these impairments in balance/posture and possible falls risk may be alleviated by OSA treatment. Larger mechanistic studies are needed to properly elucidate how OSA affects falls risk and future large-scale randomized control trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of OSA treatment in reducing the risk of falls.

scholarly journals Obstructive sleep apnea and lipid abnormalities

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitar Karkinski ◽  
Oliver Georgievski ◽  
Pavlina Dzekova-Vidimliski ◽  
Tatajana Milenkovic ◽  
Dejan Dokic
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities

BACKGROUND: There has been a great interest in the interaction between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic dysfunction, but there is no consistent data suggesting that OSA is a risk factor for dyslipidemia.AIM: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of lipid abnormalities in patients suspected of OSA, referred to our sleep laboratory for polysomnography.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred patients referred to our hospital with suspected OSA, and all of them underwent for standard polysomnography. All patients with respiratory disturbance index (RDI) above 15 were diagnosed with OSA. In the morning after 12 hours fasting, the blood sample was collected from all patients. Blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), were determined in all study patients. In the study, both OSA positive and OSA negative patients were divided according to the body mass index (BMI) in two groups. The first group with BMI ≤ 30 kg/m^2 and the second group with BMI > 30 kg/m^2.RESULTS: OSA positive patients with BMI ≤ 30 kg/m^2 had statistically significant higher levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol, and statistically significant lower level of HDL compared to OSA negative patients with BMI ≤ 30. There were no statistically significant differences in age and LDL levels between these groups. OSA positive patients with BMI > 30 kg/m^2 had higher levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL and lower levels of HDL versus OSA negative patients with BMI > 30 kg/m^2, but without statistically significant differences.CONCLUSION:OSA and obesity are potent risk factors for dyslipidemias. OSA could play a significant role in worsening of lipid metabolism in non-obese patients. But in obese patients, the extra weight makes the metabolic changes of lipid metabolism, and the role of OSA is not that very important like in non-obese patients. 

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