Survey on Glass And Façade-Cleaning Robots: Climbing Mechanisms, Cleaning Methods, and Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
TaeWon Seo ◽  
Youngjae Jeon ◽  
Changmin Park ◽  
Jongwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cleaning Robots ◽  
Cleaning Methods

scholarly journals Review of Underwater Ship Hull Cleaning Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-429
Author(s):  
Changhui Song ◽  
Weicheng Cui
Keyword(s):  
Ship Hull ◽  
Underwater Robot ◽  
Underwater Robots ◽  
Cleaning Robot ◽  
Ultrasonic Technology ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Cleaning Robots ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Cleaning Technology

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive review and analysis of ship hull cleaning technologies. Various cleaning methods and devices applied to dry-dock cleaning and underwater cleaning are introduced in detail, including rotary brushes, high-pressure and cavitation water jet technology, ultrasonic technology, and laser cleaning technology. The application of underwater robot technology in ship cleaning not only frees divers from engaging in heavy work but also creates safe and efficient industrial products. Damage to the underlying coating of the ship caused by the underwater cleaning operation can be minimized by optimizing the working process of the underwater cleaning robot. With regard to the adhesion technology mainly used in underwater robots, an overview of recent developments in permanent magnet and electromagnetic adhesion, negative pressure force adhesion, thrust force adhesion, and biologically inspired adhesion is provided. Through the analysis and comparison of current underwater robot products, this paper predicts that major changes in the application of artificial intelligence and multirobot cooperation, as well as optimization and combination of various technologies in underwater cleaning robots, could be expected to further lead to breakthroughs in developing next-generation robots for underwater cleaning.

TEM characterization of silicon epitaxial layer grown on Si-TaS2, eutectic composites

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 802-803
Author(s):  
C.M. Sung ◽  
M. Levinson ◽  
M. Tabasky ◽  
K. Ostreicher ◽  
B.M. Ditchek
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Native Oxide ◽  
Czochralski Growth ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Field Emission Cathodes

Directionally solidified Si/TaSi2 eutectic composites for the development of electronic devices (e.g. photodiodes and field-emission cathodes) were made using a Czochralski growth technique. High quality epitaxial growth of silicon on the eutectic composite substrates requires a clean silicon substrate surface prior to the growth process. Hence a preepitaxial surface cleaning step is highly desirable. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of surface cleaning methods on the epilayer/substrate interface and the characterization of silicon epilayers grown on Si/TaSi2 substrates by TEM.Wafers were cut normal to the <111> growth axis of the silicon matrix from an approximately 1 cm diameter Si/TaSi2 composite boule. Four pre-treatments were employed to remove native oxide and other contaminants: 1) No treatment, 2) HF only; 3) HC1 only; and 4) both HF and HCl. The cross-sectional specimens for TEM study were prepared by cutting the bulk sample into sheets perpendicular to the TaSi2 fiber axes. The material was then prepared in the usual manner to produce samples having a thickness of 10μm. The final step was ion milling in Ar+ until breakthrough occurred. The TEM samples were then analyzed at 120 keV using the Philips EM400T.

Effect of Different Cleaning and Sterilization Methods on the Surface Morphology of Mini-implants

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1974-1977
Author(s):  
Silvia Izabella Pop ◽  
Dana Cristina Bratu ◽  
Violeta Valentina Merie ◽  
Mariana Pacurar ◽  
Catalin Petru Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Sem Analyses

The objective of this study was to analyse morphological and surface topography variations of two types of mini-implants after using different chemical and physical cleaning methods and autoclaved sterilization. One hundred mini-implants from two different manufacturers were used in this study. The mini-implants from each manufacturer were divided in five groups, each consisting of ten samples: G0 new, unused, G1 ultrasonically cleaned, G2 chemically cleaned, G3 sandblasted, G4 cleaned with distilled water. SEM analyses of the mini-implants were performed. Only procedures used in samples from group G2 and G3 removed the tissue remains from the mini-implants surface.

The Hard Sell

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Scott
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
New Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vacuum Cleaner ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Cost Distribution ◽  
Household Cleaning ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Cleaning Methods

The vacuum cleaner was an archetypal new economy product of the early twentieth century. It offered both major time savings and qualitative advantages over previous household cleaning methods—the brush, broom, and manual carpet sweeper—and was sold in a novel way (by household demonstration). The direct sales techniques pioneered by vacuum manufacturers in the United States were to have a profound impact on the way vacuums were sold in Britain, and globally. Yet by 1939 their household diffusion was relatively slow compared to refrigerators or washing machines. This chapter explores why the industry evolved a structure based on high prices, high cost distribution methods (door-to-door sales), and a strong emphasis on non-price competition, based on differentiation through features. It also shows how door-to-door selling eventually came to constitute both a key firm-level competitive advantage and a substantial industry-level constraint on product diffusion.

scholarly journals Insights to enhance the examination of tool marks in human cartilage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Weber ◽  
Anja Niehoff ◽  
Markus A. Rothschild
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscope ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Human Cartilage ◽  
Cut Marks ◽  
Tool Marks ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis work deals with the examination of tool marks in human cartilage. We compared the effectiveness of several cleaning methods on cut marks in porcine cartilage. The method cleaning by multiple casts achieved the significantly highest scores (P = 0.02). Furthermore, we examined the grain-like elevations (dots) located on casts of cut cartilage. The results of this study suggest that the casting material forms these dots when penetrating cartilage cavities, which are areas where the strong collagen fibres leave space for the chondrocytes. We performed fixation experiments to avoid this, without success. In addition, 31 casting materials were compared regarding contrast under light-microscope and 3D tool marks scanner. Under the light-microscope, brown materials achieved significantly higher values than grey (P = 0.02) or black (P = 0.00) whereas under the 3D scanner, black materials reached higher contrast values than grey (P = 0.04) or brown (P = 0.047). To compare the accuracy and reproducibility of 6 test materials for cartilage, we used 10 knives to create cut marks that were subsequently scanned. During the alignment of the individual signals of each mark, the cross-correlation coefficients (Xmax) and lags (LXmax) were calculated. The signals of the marks in agarose were aligned with significantly fewer lags and achieved significantly higher cross-correlation coefficients compared to all tested materials (both P = 0.00). Moreover, we determined the cross-correlation coefficients (XC) for known-matches (KM) per material. Agarose achieved significantly higher values than AccuTrans®, Clear Ballistics™, and gelatine (all P = 0.00). The results of this work provide valuable insights for the forensic investigation of marks in human costal cartilage.

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