scholarly journals Urban drinking water security in Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Mehta ◽  
Dinesh Mehta ◽  
Jaladhi Vavaliya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Urban Drinking Water ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractGujarat has made important strides to ensure that most parts of the state become water secure. In 2005, Gujarat was one of the few states that recognized that its urban areas were its ‘engines of growth’ and made significant investments in urban infrastructure. A state-wide water supply grid was constructed to transfer inter-basin water from perennial surface water sources to water-scarce areas. While these schemes have improved household-level access to municipal water supply, service levels have not improved. In this paper, we argue that along with infrastructure creation, there is a need to focus on monitoring, operation and maintenance of existing system and improving efficiency. We analyze information available from the performance assessment system (PAS) setup by the CEPT University for monitoring of urban services in India. It has annual information of water service delivery in all the urban areas of Gujarat from 2010. We assess urban drinking water supply on three key aspects: equity, service quality and financial sustainability. We also identify a few key intervention areas related to increased accountability, efficiency and equity in delivery of water supply services.

scholarly journals Inequalities in microbial contamination of drinking water supplies in urban areas: the case of Lilongwe, Malawi

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akosua Sarpong Boakye-Ansah ◽  
Giuliana Ferrero ◽  
Maria Rusca ◽  
Pieter van der Zaag
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
Household Level

Over past decades strategies for improving access to drinking water in cities of the Global South have mainly focused on increasing coverage, while water quality has often been overlooked. This paper focuses on drinking water quality in the centralized water supply network of Lilongwe, the capital of Malawi. It shows how microbial contamination of drinking water is unequally distributed to consumers in low-income (unplanned areas) and higher-income neighbourhoods (planned areas). Microbial contamination and residual disinfectant concentration were measured in 170 water samples collected from in-house taps in high-income areas and from kiosks and water storage facilities in low-income areas between November 2014 and January 2015. Faecal contamination (Escherichia coli) was detected in 10% of the 40 samples collected from planned areas, in 59% of the 64 samples collected from kiosks in the unplanned areas and in 75% of the 32 samples of water stored at household level. Differences in water quality in planned and unplanned areas were found to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. Finally, the paper shows how the inequalities in microbial contamination of drinking water are produced by decisions both on the development of the water supply infrastructure and on how this is operated and maintained.

Drinking Water Supply

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Drinking Water

This chapter focuses specifically on drinking water supply, which is divided into national, state, rural, and urban areas given the multiplicity of relevant instruments. The first section focuses on rural drinking supply. It reproduces the main national-level policy instrument in this area, the National Rural Drinking Water Programme Guidelines, 2013, select state-level legislation (panchayat acts) and instruments highlighting the push for reforms and privatisation in the sector. The second section focuses on urban drinking water supply. It reproduces extracts of a national statute and select state-level legal instruments. It also reproduces legal instruments seeking to foster reforms in urban water provisioning. The third section looks at drinking water supply in specific contexts and highlights select legal instruments concerning schools, post-disaster management, and work places. The last section highlights the issue of drinking water quality and quantity standards, a crucial dimension that has not been given yet the place it deserves in legislation.

scholarly journals How much are households willing to contribute to the cost recovery of drinking water supply? Results from a household survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tarfasa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Urban Drinking Water

Abstract. Financial resources are crucial to improve existing urban drinking water supply in developing countries typically characterized by low cost recovery rates and high and rapidly growing demand for more reliable services. This study examines the willingness to pay for improved urban drinking water supply employing a choice model (CM) in an urban context in Ethiopia, Hawassa, with a household survey of 170 respondents. The design of the choice model allows the estimation of the values of two attributes of urban drinking water service (extra day water delivery per week and safer water). The findings indicate that households are willing to pay up to 60% extra for improved levels of water supply over and above their current water bill. Especially those households living in the poorest part of the city with the lowest service levels demonstrate that they are willing to pay more despite significant income constraints they are facing. Women value the improvement of water quality most, while a significant effect is found for averting behavior and expenditures. The estimated economic values can be used in policy appraisals of investment decisions.

scholarly journals Water safety: one of the primary objectives of our time

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Collivignarelli
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
The Eu

This article discusses the benefits of an innovative approach to the problem of water security introduced by WHO in 2004, through the establishment of the Water Safety Plan (WSP). It was recently included in Commission Directive (EU) 2015/1787 – October 6, 2015 – the implementation of which is expected in the EU countries by 27 October 2017. The WSP is the most effective means of consistently ensuring the safety of a drinking water supply. The method is based on the use of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that involves all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. The knowledge acquired by some experiences of WSP application, both inItalyand in countries with limited resources, is proving the effectiveness of the model as the best way to manage drinking water systems and protect public health.

scholarly journals Natural fluoride levels from public water supplies in Piauí State, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2215-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiene Saibrosa da Silva ◽  
Wallesk Gomes Moreno ◽  
Franklin Delano Soares Forte ◽  
Fábio Correia Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Prevalence

The aim of this work was to determine the natural fluoride concentrations in public water supplies in Piauí State, Brazil, in order to identify cities in risk for high prevalence of dental fluorosis. For each city, two samples of drinking water were collected in the urban area: one from the main public water supply and another from a public or residential tap from the same source. Fluoride analyses were carried out in duplicate using a specific ion electrode and TISAB II. From a total of 222 cities in Piauí, 164 (73.8%) samples were analyzed. Urban population in these towns corresponds to 92.5% of the whole state with an estimated population of 1,654,563 inhabitants from the total urban population (1,788,590 inhabitants). A total of 151 cities showed low fluoride levels (<0.30 mg/L) and 13 were just below optimum fluoride concentration in the drinking water (0.31-0.59 mg/L). High natural fluoride concentration above 0.81 mg/L was not observed in any of the surveyed cities. As a conclusion, most of the cities in Piauí have low fluoride concentration in the drinking water. The risk for a high prevalence of dental fluorosis in these urban areas due to natural fluoride in the water supplies is very unlikely. Thus, surveys about the dental fluorosis prevalence in Piauí should be related with data about the consumption of fluoridated dentifrices and other fluoride sources.

Microbial counts and pesticide concentrations in drinking water after alum flocculation of channel feed water at the household level, in Vinh Long Province, Vietnam

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Delta ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Mekong River Delta ◽  
Household Level ◽  
E Coli

Low technology water supply, treatment and sanitation techniques were reviewed in a Vietnamese village in the Mekong River Delta as part of an AusAID Project to reduce poverty and to improve the overall living standards and health in the Cuu Long (Mekong) delta for 500,000 rural poor. It was found that dosing of canal water in 200-l ceramic jars with alum, PAC or PAC followed by hypochlorite provides a high level of treatment for drinking water at the household level in a rural village setting in the Mekong River delta. Seventy per cent (7 in total) of the 24 samples collected showed that Escherichia coli levels per 100 ml in the jars after treatment showed a ‘no risk’ profile (0 E. coli 100 ml-1) i.e. the water would be considered to be of very good quality for drinking according to World Health Organization Guidelines for Rural Drinking Water Supply. This included the eight samples that were dosed with hypochlorite. The remaining 30% of samples (seven in total) ranged from 14 to 47 E. coli 100 ml-1 which is considered an intermediate risk (10‒100 E. coli 100 ml-1) according to WHO guidelines. All control water samples (eight in total) were high or very high risk (&gt;100 E. coli 100 ml-1). Pesticide concentrations generally were low and met Vietnamese drinking water quality criteria.

scholarly journals Proportion of Municipal Water supply from Desalinization Process

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Barranco-Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Footprint Analysis ◽  
Water Scarce

Today, cities are looking farther beyond their limits for clean water. Some cities involve desalinization procedures, investing billions of dollars to partially supply clean water. This kind of process in energy intensive, therefore, countries with a combination between water scarce and oil rich are the most probable to use this technique. This footprint analysis involve 534 cities, who draw water from 20 percent of the world’s land surface. For more information, access the Urban Water Blueprint report here: http://www.iwa-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Urban-Water-Blueprint-Report.pdf You can also visit the Urban Water Blueprint website here: http://water.nature.org/waterblueprint/#/intro=true Drinking water Human settlements Supply

scholarly journals Willingness to pay for improved safe drinking water in a coastal urban area in Bangladesh

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nasif Ahsan ◽  
Sheikh Hadiujjaman ◽  
Md. Sariful Islam ◽  
Nishad Nasrin ◽  
Mukta Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Discontentment with a piped supply system of drinking water has become a significant concern in Bangladesh's urban areas in recent years, necessitating the improvement of different aspects of the system in question. Therefore, by conducting a discrete choice experiment on 115 households out of a systematically selected 161 households, this study aims to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for an improved safe drinking water supply by considering the trade-offs made by urban dwellers for the proposed improvements to an existing water supply system in the Khulna City Corporation (KCC) area of Bangladesh. The primary results show that the total WTP of households is estimated at BDT 243.6 (≈US$ 2.87) per month, implying that respondents are ready to pay for improvements to the water supply attributes of water quality, regularity of supply, water pressure in taps, and filtering. A revenue stream for an improved water supply system is also being developed, suggesting that investment in improving the system would be a ‘no-regret’ decision and economically sustainable.

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