Estimating the waste heat recovery in the European Union Industry

Abstract Industrial processes are currently responsible for nearly 26% of European primary energy consumptions and are characterized by a multitude of energy losses. Among them, the ones that occur as heat streams rejected to the environment in the form of exhausts or effluents take place at different temperature levels. The reduction or recovery of such types of energy flows will undoubtedly contribute to the achievement of improved environmental performance as well as to reduce the overall manufacturing costs of goods. In this scenario, the current work aims at outlining the prospects of potential for industrial waste heat recovery in the European Union (EU) upon identification and quantification of primary energy consumptions among the major industrial sectors and their related waste streams and temperature levels. The paper introduces a new approach toward estimating the waste heat recovery in the European Union industry, using the Carnot efficiency in relation to the temperature levels of the processes involved. The assessment is carried out using EU statistical energy databases. The overall EU thermal energy waste is quantified at 920 TWh theoretical potential and 279 TWh Carnot potential.

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A New Energy Frugal Paradigm for Data Centers

Volume 5: Energy Systems Analysis, Thermodynamics and Sustainability; NanoEngineering for Energy; Engineering to Address Climate Change, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/imece2010-39442 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Adrienne B. Little ◽

Srinivas Garimella

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Data Center ◽

Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat Recovery ◽

Data Centers ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

The United States ◽

Primary Energy

Of the total electricity consumption by the United States in 2006, more than 1% was used on data centers alone; a value that continues to rise rapidly. Of the total amount of electricity a data center consumes, at least 30% is used to cool server equipment. The present study conceptualizes and analyzes a novel paradigm consisting of integrated power, cooling, and waste heat recovery and upgrade systems that considerably lowers the energy footprint of data centers. Thus, on-site power generation equipment is used to supply primary electricity needs of the data center. The microturbine-derived waste heat is recovered to run an absorption chiller that supplies the entire cooling load of the data center, essentially providing the requisite cooling without any additional expenditure of primary energy. Furthermore, the waste heat rejected by the data center itself is boosted to a higher temperature with a heat transformer, with the upgraded thermal stream serving as an additional output of the data center with no additional electrical power input. Such upgraded heat can be used for district heating applications in neighboring residential buildings, or as process heat for commercial end uses such as laundries, hospitals and restaurants. With such a system, the primary energy usage of the data center as a whole can be reduced by about 23 percent while still addressing the high-flux cooling loads, in addition to providing a new income stream through the sales of upgraded thermal energy. Given the large and fast-escalating energy consumption patterns of data centers, this novel, integrated approach to electricity and cooling supply, and waste heat recovery and upgrade will substantially reduce primary energy consumption for this important end use worldwide.

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Simulation Analysis of Primary Energy Ratio for Air-Source Gas Engine-Driven Heat Pump

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.692 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 953-954 ◽

pp. 692-697

Author(s):

Xiao Feng Ren ◽

Shu Xing Zhao ◽

Zhi Chao Wang ◽

Yi Tao Zhou ◽

Ying Jie Zhang

Keyword(s):

Heat Pump ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat Recovery ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Energy Ratio ◽

Gas Engine ◽

Gas Consumption

Based on the simulation of the air conditioning construction dynamic load and simulation calculation of air-source gas engine-driven heat pump (GEHP), the air-source GEHP air conditioning in winter, summer and the annual primary energy ratio are analyzed in simulation with the combination of a hotel building in Tianjin. Firstly, DeST software is used to simulate all-year hourly air conditioning load of the building. Then air-source GEHP simulation model [1] is used to calculate the annual hourly gas consumption and the amount of GEHP's gas consumption in winter, summer and a total year afterwards can be got. At the same time, by the analysis of waste heat recovery of gas engine-driven, primary energy ratio for air-source GEHP in Tianjin is given under the different waste heat recovery of winter, summer and the annual.

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Waste Heat Recovery Technologies Revisited with Emphasis on New Solutions, including Heat Pipes, and Case Studies

Energies ◽

10.3390/en15010384 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 384

Author(s):

Paul Christodoulides ◽

Rafaela Agathokleous ◽

Lazaros Aresti ◽

Soteris A. Kalogirou ◽

Savvas A. Tassou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat Recovery ◽

Energy Savings ◽

New Technologies ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Energy Performance ◽

The European Union ◽

Target Energy

Industrial processes are characterized by energy losses, such as heat streams rejected to the environment in the form of exhaust gases or effluents occurring at different temperature levels. Hence, waste heat recovery (WHR) has been a challenge for industries, as it can lead to energy savings, higher energy efficiency, and sustainability. As a consequence, WHR methods and technologies have been used extensively in the European Union (EU) (and worldwide for that matter). The current paper revisits and reviews conventional WHR technologies, their use in all types of industry, and their limitations. Special attention is given to alternative “new” technologies, which are discussed for parameters such as projected energy and cost savings. Finally, an extended review of case studies regarding applications of WHR technologies is presented. The information presented here can also be used to determine target energy performance, as well as capital and installation costs, for increasing the attractiveness of WHR technologies, leading to the widespread adoption by industry.

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Solution Proposal for Utilization of the Waste Heat in Refrigeration Systems

TEM Journal ◽

10.18421/tem101-22 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 177-182

Author(s):

Halima Hadžiahmetović ◽

Rejhana Blažević ◽

Emina Peco

Keyword(s):

Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat Recovery ◽

Food Industry ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Industrial Processes ◽

Industrial Companies ◽

Simplified Solution

The possibility for utilization of waste heat from processes in the food industry is presented in this paper. The need for reuse of waste heat comes from the fact that energy consumption in industrial companies is uneconomical and that environmental pollution has increased. Therefore, one of the method of reuse of waste heat that is applicable in industrial processes is presented in the paper. Potential primary energy savings is presented by implementing the waste heat recovery in the food factory. The paper presents a simplified solution proposal for installation of heat exchangers with the aim of utilizing the waste heat of the refrigerant. The results showed that by the implementation of simple heat recovery significant annual fuel energy savings can be achieved as well as fuel cost savings.

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Investigations of the synergy of Composite Cycle and intercooled recuperation

The Aeronautical Journal ◽

10.1017/aer.2018.46 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 122 (1252) ◽

pp. 869-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sascha Kaiser ◽

Markus Nickl ◽

Christina Salpingidou ◽

Zinon Vlahostergios ◽

Stefan Donnerhack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Low Pressure ◽

Low Pressure Turbine ◽

The Core ◽

Fuel Burn ◽

Piston System ◽

Temperature Levels

ABSTRACTThe synergistic combination of two promising engine architectures for future aero engines is presented. The first is the Composite Cycle Engine, which introduces a piston system in the high pressure part of the core engine, to utilise closed volume combustion and high temperature capability due to instationary operation. The second is the Intercooled Recuperated engine that employs recuperators to utilise waste heat from the core engine exhaust and intercooler to improve temperature levels for recuperation and to reduce compression work. Combinations of both architectures are presented and investigated for improvement potential with respect to specific fuel consumption, engine weight and fuel burn against a turbofan. The Composite Cycle alone provides a 15.6% fuel burn reduction against a turbofan. Options for adding intercooler were screened, and a benefit of up to 1.9% fuel burn could be shown for installation in front of a piston system through a significant, efficiency-neutral weight decrease. Waste heat can be utilised by means of classic recuperation to the entire core mass flow before the combustor, or alternatively on the turbine cooling bleed or a piston engine bypass flow that is mixed again with the main flow before the combustor. As further permutation, waste heat can be recovered either after the low pressure turbine – with or without sequential combustion – or between the high pressure and low pressure turbine. Waste heat recovery after the low pressure turbine was found to be not easily feasible or tied to high fuel burn penalties due to unfavourable temperature levels, even when using sequential combustion or intercooling. Feasible temperature levels could be obtained with inter-turbine waste heat recovery but always resulted in at least 0.3% higher fuel burn compared to the non-recuperated baseline under the given assumptions. Consequently, only the application of an intercooler appears to provide a considerable benefit for the examined thermodynamic conditions in the low fidelity analyses of various engine architecture combinations with the specific heat exchanger design. Since the obtained drawbacks of some waste heat utilisation concepts are small, innovative waste heat management concepts coupled with the further extension of the design space and the inclusion of higher fidelity models may achieve a benefit and motivate future investigations.

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Waste Heat Recovery in Data Centers Using Sorption Systems

Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications ◽

10.1115/1.4005813 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Adrienne B. Little ◽

Srinivas Garimella

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Data Center ◽

Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat Recovery ◽

Data Centers ◽

Waste Heat ◽

District Heating ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

The United States ◽

Primary Energy

Of the total electricity consumption by the United States in 2006, more than 1% was used on data centers alone; a value that continues to rise rapidly. Of the total amount of electricity a data center consumes, about 30% is used to cool server equipment. The present study conceptualizes and analyzes a novel paradigm consisting of integrated power, cooling, and waste heat recovery and upgrade systems that considerably lower the energy footprint of data centers. Thus, on-site power generation equipment is used to supply primary electricity needs of the data center. The microturbine-derived waste heat is recovered to run an absorption chiller that supplies the entire cooling load of the data center, essentially providing the requisite cooling without any additional expenditure of primary energy. Furthermore, the remaining waste heat rejected by the data center is boosted to a higher temperature with a heat transformer, with the upgraded thermal stream serving as an additional output of the data center with negligible additional electrical power input. Such upgraded heat can be used for district heating applications in neighboring residential or commercial buildings, or as process heat for commercial end uses such as laundries, hospitals, and restaurants, depending on the location of the data center. With such a system, the primary energy usage of the data center as a whole can be reduced by up to 23% while still addressing the high-flux cooling loads, in addition to providing a new income stream through the sales of upgraded thermal energy. Given the large and fast-escalating energy consumption patterns of data centers, this novel, integrated approach to electricity and cooling supply, and waste heat recovery and upgrade will substantially reduce primary energy consumption for this important end use worldwide.

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Exergoeconomic Analyses of a Cement Plant Waste Heat Recovery in a Novel Combined Power and Refrigeration Cycle

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics ◽

10.18280/ijdne.160302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 251-260

Author(s):

Bourhan Tashtoush ◽

Karima Megdouli ◽

Towhid Gholizadeh ◽

Elhadi Dekam

Keyword(s):

Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Air Cooling ◽

Cement Plant ◽

Waste Heat Recovery System ◽

Energy And Exergy ◽

Recovery System ◽

Temperature Levels ◽

The Cost

To reduce fossil fuel consumption and its polluted environmental impact, a new enhanced waste heat recovery system operated by hot chimney flue gases from a cement plant is designed, analyzed, and evaluated. The configuration of the system is competitive and innovative. It is designed to be capable of producing space air cooling and electricity generation, simultaneously. Three temperature levels in the proposed cycle are considered, and a detailed mathematical model is developed with energy, exergy, and economic aspects are considered to achieve the best performance of the system. Computer FORTRAN subroutines are developed and run for simulation of several scenarios. A comprehensive parametric investigation and thermo-economic analysis are conducted and presented. It was found that the optimistic recovery system can achieve a refrigeration load coverage of 300 kW, while the energy and exergy efficiencies are 36.23% and 29.41%, respectively. The anticipated system seems to be optimistic knowing the cost of the product is estimated to be $45.97 per GJ.

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