scholarly journals Urban morphogenesis analysis based on geohistorical road data

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanae El Gouj ◽  
Christian Rincón-Acosta ◽  
Claire Lagesse
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Road Data ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Road Segments

AbstractRoad networks result from a subtle balance between geographical coverage and rapid access to strategic points. An understanding of their structure is fundamental when it comes to evaluating and improving territorial accessibility. This study is designed to provide insight into the progressive structuring of territorial patterns by analyzing the evolution of road networks. Studying road network morphogenesis requires geohistorical data, provided here by historical maps from which earlier road networks can be digitized. A hypergraph is constructed from these networks by combining road segments into “ways” on the basis of a method for defining the continuity of road segments. Next, indicators are computed for these ways based on topological and geometrical features. The road patterns of three cities in the Burgundy Franche-Comte region of France (Dijon, Besançon, and Pontarlier) at three historical periods (the 18th, 19th, and twentieth centuries) are then analyzed. In this manner, their topological features and centrality characteristics can be compared from snapshots at different times and places. The innovative method proposed in this paper helps us to read features of the road patterns accurately and to make simple interpretations. It can be applied to any territory for which data is available. The results highlight the underlying structure of the three cities, reveal information about the history and the functioning of the networks, and give preliminary insights into the morphogenesis of those cities. Prospectively this work aims to identify the mechanisms that drive change in road networks. Detecting stability or variation in indicators over time can help in identifying similar behavior, despite geographic and cultural distances, as well as evolution mechanisms linked to specificities of each city. The study of road network morphogenesis can make a major contribution to understanding how road network structure affects accessibility and mobility.

scholarly journals Continuous Anonymity with Users in the Same Direction in Road Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 10001
Author(s):  
Yu Lili ◽  
Zhang Lei ◽  
Su Xiaoguang ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
Zhang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
The Road ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Location Privacy Protection ◽  
Road Segments

Compared with the Euclidean space, road network is restricted by its direction in traveling, velocity and some other attribute profiles. So the algorithms that designed for the Euclidean space are usually invalid and difficult to provide privacy protection services. In order to cope with this problem, we have proposed an algorithm to provide the service of collecting anonymous users that their directions in traveling similar with the initiator in the road networks. In this algorithm, the shortest distance between multiple road segments is calculated, and then utilizes the distance to select the user who has the same direction in traveling with the initiator. Consequently, the problem of the discrepancy of the anonymous users in the routing that invalidates the location privacy protection is solved. At last, we had compared this algorithm with other similar algorithms, and through the results of the comparison and the cause of this phenomenon, we have concluded that this algorithm is better not only in the level of privacy protection, but in the performance of execution efficiency.

scholarly journals Modeling of Emergency Supply Scheduling Problem Based on Reliability and Its Solution Algorithm under Variable Road Network after Sudden-Onset Disasters

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinggui Chen ◽  
Shiwen Wu ◽  
Jianjun Yang ◽  
Guodong Cong ◽  
Gongfa Li
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
The Road ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Emergency Supply

It is common that many roads in disaster areas are damaged and obstructed after sudden-onset disasters. The phenomenon often comes with escalated traffic deterioration that raises the time and cost of emergency supply scheduling. Fortunately, repairing road network will shorten the time of in-transit distribution. In this paper, according to the characteristics of emergency supplies distribution, an emergency supply scheduling model based on multiple warehouses and stricken locations is constructed to deal with the failure of part of road networks in the early postdisaster phase. The detailed process is as follows. When part of the road networks fail, we firstly determine whether to repair the damaged road networks, and then a model of reliable emergency supply scheduling based on bi-level programming is proposed. Subsequently, an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is presented to solve the problem mentioned above. Finally, through a case study, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm are verified.

scholarly journals Capacity in municipalities: Infrastructures, maintenance debts and ways of overcoming a run-to-failure mentality

2021 ◽  
pp. 026909422110304
Author(s):  
Jens Alm ◽  
Alexander Paulsson ◽  
Robert Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The Road ◽  
Technical Capacity ◽  
Multidimensional Concept ◽  
Sewage Systems ◽  
Road Segments

There is a growing maintenance debt of ageing and critical infrastructures in many municipalities in European welfare states. In this article, we use the multidimensional concept of local capacity as a point of departure to analyse how and in what ways Swedish municipalities work with the routine maintenance of infrastructures, including municipal road networks as well as water and sewage systems. For the road networks, maintenance is generally outsourced to contractors and there is also a large degree of tolerance for various standards on different road segments within and between the municipalities. Less used road segments are not as prioritised as those with heavy traffic. For the water and sewage systems, in-house technical capacity is needed as differences in water quality are not tolerated. Economies of scale mean that in-house capacity is translated into the creation of inter-municipal bodies. As different forms of capacities tend to reinforce each other, municipal capacity builds up over time in circular movements. These results add knowledge to current research by pointing to the ways municipalities are overcoming a run-to-failure mentality by building capacity to pay off the infrastructural maintenance debt.

scholarly journals A Parallel-Computing Approach for Vector Road-Network Matching Using GPU Architecture

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wan ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Shunping Zhou ◽  
Run Wang ◽  
Dezhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Graphics Processing Unit ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Data Partition ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
The Road ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Relaxation Matching

The road-network matching method is an effective tool for map integration, fusion, and update. Due to the complexity of road networks in the real world, matching methods often contain a series of complicated processes to identify homonymous roads and deal with their intricate relationship. However, traditional road-network matching algorithms, which are mainly central processing unit (CPU)-based approaches, may have performance bottleneck problems when facing big data. We developed a particle-swarm optimization (PSO)-based parallel road-network matching method on graphics-processing unit (GPU). Based on the characteristics of the two main stages (similarity computation and matching-relationship identification), data-partition and task-partition strategies were utilized, respectively, to fully use GPU threads. Experiments were conducted on datasets with 14 different scales. Results indicate that the parallel PSO-based matching algorithm (PSOM) could correctly identify most matching relationships with an average accuracy of 84.44%, which was at the same level as the accuracy of a benchmark—the probability-relaxation-matching (PRM) method. The PSOM approach significantly reduced the road-network matching time in dealing with large amounts of data in comparison with the PRM method. This paper provides a common parallel algorithm framework for road-network matching algorithms and contributes to integration and update of large-scale road-networks.

scholarly journals Road Networks Winter Risk Estimation Using On-Board Uncooled Infrared Camera for Surface Temperature Measurements over Two Lanes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marchetti ◽  
M. Moutton ◽  
S. Ludwig ◽  
L. Ibos ◽  
V. Feuillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
The Road ◽  
Measurement Rate

Thermal mapping has been implemented since the late eighties to establish the susceptibility of road networks to ice occurrence with measurements from a radiometer and some atmospheric parameters. They are usually done before dawn during wintertime when the road energy is dissipated. The objective of this study was to establish if an infrared camera could improve the determination of ice road susceptibility, to build a new winter risk index, to improve the measurements rate, and to analyze its consistency with seasons and infrastructures environment. Data analysis obtained from the conventional approved radiometer sensing technique and the infrared camera has shown great similarities. A comparison was made with promising perspectives. The measurement rate to analyse a given road network could be increased by a factor two.

scholarly journals Towards a Rule-driven Approach for Updating Dynamic Road Segments

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jelokhani-Niaraki ◽  
Ali Asghar Alesheikh ◽  
Abbas Alimohammadi ◽  
Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Segmentation ◽  
Transportation Organization ◽  
Manual Tasks ◽  
The City ◽  
Transportation Applications ◽  
Road Segments

In recent years, the development of the GIS-T (Geographic Information System for Transportation) applications has gained much attention, providing the transportation planners and managers with in-depth knowledge to achieve better decisions. Needless to say, developing a successful GIS for transportation applications is highly dependent on the design of a well-structured data model. Dynamic segmentation (DS) data model is a popular one being used more and more for different GIS-T analyses, serving as a data model that splits linear features into new set of segments wherever its attributes change. In most cases, the sets of segments presenting a particular attribute change frequently. Transportation managers place great importance on having regular update and revision of segmented data to ensure correct and precise decisions are made. However, updating the segmented data manually is a difficult task and a time-consuming process to do, demanding an automatic approach. To alleviate this, the present study describes a rule-based method using topological concept to simply update road segments and replace the manual tasks that users are to carry out. The proposed approach was employed and implemented on real road network data of the City of Tehran provided by the Road Maintenance and Transportation Organization (RMTO) of Iran. The practical results demonstrated that the time, cost, human-type errors, and complexity involved in update tasks are all reduced. KEYWORDS: GIS-T, dynamic segmentation, segment, automatic update, change type, rule

scholarly journals Impact of Road Network Topology on Public Transportation Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Minzhi Chen ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Min Yin ◽  
Jiangang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Urban Road Network ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Layout Structure ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Transportation Development ◽  
The Impact

Planning of road networks is fundamental for public transportation. The impact of road network density on public transportation has been extensively studied, but few studies in this regard involved evaluation indicators for connectivity and layout of road networks. With 29 cities in China as the study cases, this paper quantifies the layout structure of the road network based on the network’s betweenness centralization and establishes a multivariate linear regression model to perform regression of the logarithm of the frequency of per capita public transportation on betweenness centralization. It is found in the present work that there is a significant correlation between the layout structure of an urban road network and the residents’ utilization degree of public transportation. A greater betweenness centralization of the urban road network, namely a more centralized road network, means a higher frequency of per capita public transportation of urban residents and a higher degree of the residents’ utilization of public transportation. In the development of public transportation, centralized and axial-shaped layout structures of road networks can be promoted to improve the utilization of public transportation.

Taxi Global Positioning System Data in Urban Road Network: A Methodology to Identify Key Road Clusters Based on Travel Speed–Traffic Volume Correlation

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110366
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Han Yang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Segments

Urban traffic congestion is one of the urban diseases that needs to be solved urgently. Research has already found that a few road segments can significantly influence the overall operation of the road network. Traditional congestion mitigation strategies mainly focus on the topological structure and the transport performance of each single key road segment. However, the propagation characteristics of congestion indicate that the interaction between road segments and the correlation between travel speed and traffic volume should also be considered. The definition is proposed for “key road cluster” as a group of road segments with strong correlation and spatial compactness. A methodology is proposed to identify key road clusters in the network and understand the operating characteristics of key road clusters. Considering the correlation between travel speed and traffic volume, a unidirectional-weighted correlation network is constructed. The community detection algorithm is applied to partition road segments into key road clusters. Three indexes are used to evaluate and describe the characteristic of these road clusters, including sensitivity, importance, and IS. A case study is carried out using taxi GPS data of Shanghai, China, from May 1 to 17, 2019. A total of 44 key road clusters are identified in the road network. According to their spatial distribution patterns, these key road clusters can be classified into three types—along with network skeletons, around transportation hubs, and near bridges. The methodology unveils the mechanism of congestion formation and propagation, which can offer significant support for traffic management.

scholarly journals Analysis of Traffic Evolution on Road Networks of a Roundabout

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tolesa Hundesa Muleta ◽  
Legesse Lemecha Obsu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Detailed Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Control Traffic

In this paper, the analyses of traffic evolution on the road network of a roundabout having three entrances and three exiting legs are conducted from macroscopic point of view. The road networks of roundabouts are modeled as a merging and diverging types 1×2 and 2×1 junctions. To study traffic evolution at junction, two cases have been considered, namely, demand and supply limited cases. In each case, detailed mathematical analysis and numerical tests have been presented. The analysis in the case of demand limited showed that rarefaction wave fills the portion of the road network in time. In the contrary, in supply limited case, traffic congestion occurs at merging junctions and shock wave propagating back results in reducing the performance of a roundabout to control traffic dynamics. Also, we illustrate density and flux profiles versus space discretization at different time steps via numerical simulation with the help of Godunov scheme.

scholarly journals A Privacy-Preserving Location-Based System for Continuous Spatial Queries

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doohee Song ◽  
Kwangjin Park
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Spatial Queries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mobile Clients ◽  
Previous Location

K-anonymization generated a cloaked region (CR) that was K-anonymous; that is, the query issuer was indistinguishable from K-1 other users (nearest neighbors) within the CR. This reduced the probability of the query issuer’s location being exposed to untrusted parties (1/K). However, location cloaking is vulnerable to query tracking attacks, wherein the adversary can infer the query issuer by comparing the two regions in continuous LBS queries. This paper proposes a novel location cloaking method to resist this attack. The target systems of the proposed method are road networks where the mobile clients’ trajectories are fixed (the road network is preknown and fixed, instead of the trajectories), such as subways, railways, and highways. The proposed method, called adaptive-fixed K-anonymization (A-KF), takes this issue into account and generates smaller CRs without compromising the privacy of the query issuer’s location. Our results show that the proposed A-KF method outperforms previous location cloaking methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document