scholarly journals Capacity in municipalities: Infrastructures, maintenance debts and ways of overcoming a run-to-failure mentality

2021 ◽  
pp. 026909422110304
Author(s):  
Jens Alm ◽  
Alexander Paulsson ◽  
Robert Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The Road ◽  
Technical Capacity ◽  
Multidimensional Concept ◽  
Sewage Systems ◽  
Road Segments

There is a growing maintenance debt of ageing and critical infrastructures in many municipalities in European welfare states. In this article, we use the multidimensional concept of local capacity as a point of departure to analyse how and in what ways Swedish municipalities work with the routine maintenance of infrastructures, including municipal road networks as well as water and sewage systems. For the road networks, maintenance is generally outsourced to contractors and there is also a large degree of tolerance for various standards on different road segments within and between the municipalities. Less used road segments are not as prioritised as those with heavy traffic. For the water and sewage systems, in-house technical capacity is needed as differences in water quality are not tolerated. Economies of scale mean that in-house capacity is translated into the creation of inter-municipal bodies. As different forms of capacities tend to reinforce each other, municipal capacity builds up over time in circular movements. These results add knowledge to current research by pointing to the ways municipalities are overcoming a run-to-failure mentality by building capacity to pay off the infrastructural maintenance debt.

scholarly journals Continuous Anonymity with Users in the Same Direction in Road Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 10001
Author(s):  
Yu Lili ◽  
Zhang Lei ◽  
Su Xiaoguang ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
Zhang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
The Road ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Location Privacy Protection ◽  
Road Segments

Compared with the Euclidean space, road network is restricted by its direction in traveling, velocity and some other attribute profiles. So the algorithms that designed for the Euclidean space are usually invalid and difficult to provide privacy protection services. In order to cope with this problem, we have proposed an algorithm to provide the service of collecting anonymous users that their directions in traveling similar with the initiator in the road networks. In this algorithm, the shortest distance between multiple road segments is calculated, and then utilizes the distance to select the user who has the same direction in traveling with the initiator. Consequently, the problem of the discrepancy of the anonymous users in the routing that invalidates the location privacy protection is solved. At last, we had compared this algorithm with other similar algorithms, and through the results of the comparison and the cause of this phenomenon, we have concluded that this algorithm is better not only in the level of privacy protection, but in the performance of execution efficiency.

scholarly journals Road Extraction using Connected Component Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.10) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
J. D. Dorathi Jayaseeli ◽  
D. Malathi ◽  
Sarvesh Karandikar ◽  
Aditi Singh ◽  
Gopika S
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Road Extraction ◽  
The Road ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Map Objects ◽  
Road Segments

Extraction of Roads, Rivers and other map objects is an important step in many military and civilian applications. In this process the information is extracted which possess high efficiency and accuracy and is fed into GIS (Geographical Information System). In this paper, we have explored different algorithms with better efficiency and accuracy. Road extraction can take place for two kinds of roads namely: urban and non-urban roads. Urban roads are more complex to analyze because of their architectural complexity, occlusions created by trees, heavy traffic and extensive network, whereas non-urban roads are easier to analyze because of less structural         complexity. The proposed algorithm exploits the properties of road segments to develop customized operators to accurately derive the road segments. The customized operators include directional morphological    enhancement, directional segmentation and thinning. The proposed algorithm is systematically evaluated on the basis of variety of images and compared with other algorithms (Canny, Sobel, Roberts, and Morphological Segmentation). The results demonstrate that the algorithm proposed is both accurate and efficient. The data and performance measures such as completeness and correctness are calculated together with other parameters which are Peak Signal to Noise ratio, Normalized Cross Correlation, Structural Content and a statistical analysis of the comparison is presented. 

scholarly journals Urban morphogenesis analysis based on geohistorical road data

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanae El Gouj ◽  
Christian Rincón-Acosta ◽  
Claire Lagesse
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Road Data ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Road Segments

AbstractRoad networks result from a subtle balance between geographical coverage and rapid access to strategic points. An understanding of their structure is fundamental when it comes to evaluating and improving territorial accessibility. This study is designed to provide insight into the progressive structuring of territorial patterns by analyzing the evolution of road networks. Studying road network morphogenesis requires geohistorical data, provided here by historical maps from which earlier road networks can be digitized. A hypergraph is constructed from these networks by combining road segments into “ways” on the basis of a method for defining the continuity of road segments. Next, indicators are computed for these ways based on topological and geometrical features. The road patterns of three cities in the Burgundy Franche-Comte region of France (Dijon, Besançon, and Pontarlier) at three historical periods (the 18th, 19th, and twentieth centuries) are then analyzed. In this manner, their topological features and centrality characteristics can be compared from snapshots at different times and places. The innovative method proposed in this paper helps us to read features of the road patterns accurately and to make simple interpretations. It can be applied to any territory for which data is available. The results highlight the underlying structure of the three cities, reveal information about the history and the functioning of the networks, and give preliminary insights into the morphogenesis of those cities. Prospectively this work aims to identify the mechanisms that drive change in road networks. Detecting stability or variation in indicators over time can help in identifying similar behavior, despite geographic and cultural distances, as well as evolution mechanisms linked to specificities of each city. The study of road network morphogenesis can make a major contribution to understanding how road network structure affects accessibility and mobility.

A Study on Job Satisfaction among Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) Employees at Tiruvarur Branch

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 230-242
Author(s):  
M. Ganesan, K ◽  
K. Veerakumar ◽  
N. R Vembu ◽  
Dr. M. K Durgamani ◽  
Dr. Renuka
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Labour Turnover

Job satisfaction is an important factor for employees working in formal and informal sector. The job is small or big, permanent or temporary, risky or non-risky, job satisfaction is important. It is the mental feeling which drives the employees to excel. Job satisfaction is a combination of psychological, physiological and environmental circumstances. A satisfied employee is a contented and happy human being. The labour turnover depends upon job satisfaction. Even highly paid employees quit the job when they are not satisfied with the job. Road transportation in Tamilnadu is growing day by day. Job stress in the road transportation is very high due to increase in number of vehicle playing on the road and heavy traffic. The drivers and conductors working in public transport corporation are suffering from high job stress. If drivers and conductors are not satisfied with their job which leads to mental stresses and affects the productivity and also creates accidents. In this present study the researchers made an attempt to study the level of job satisfaction among the drivers and conductors who are working in the Tamilnadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC). The study reveals the expectations of drivers and conductors working in TNSTC with regards to the attributes like salary, promotion and fringe benefits etc., are satisfactory and not detrimental. 

scholarly journals Evaluating the Safety Risk of Rural Roadsides Using a Bayesian Network Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianpei Tang ◽  
Senlai Zhu ◽  
Yuntao Guo ◽  
Xizhao Zhou ◽  
Yang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
The Road ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Point Density

Evaluating the safety risk of rural roadsides is critical for achieving reasonable allocation of a limited budget and avoiding excessive installation of safety facilities. To assess the safety risk of rural roadsides when the crash data are unavailable or missing, this study proposed a Bayesian Network (BN) method that uses the experts’ judgments on the conditional probability of different safety risk factors to evaluate the safety risk of rural roadsides. Eight factors were considered, including seven factors identified in the literature and a new factor named access point density. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study was conducted using 19.42 km long road networks in the rural area of Nantong, China. By comparing the results of the proposed method and run-off-road (ROR) crash data from 2015–2016 in the study area, the road segments with higher safety risk levels identified by the proposed method were found to be statistically significantly correlated with higher crash severity based on the crash data. In addition, by comparing the respective results evaluated by eight factors and seven factors (a new factor removed), we also found that access point density significantly contributed to the safety risk of rural roadsides. These results show that the proposed method can be considered as a low-cost solution to evaluating the safety risk of rural roadsides with relatively high accuracy, especially for areas with large rural road networks and incomplete ROR crash data due to budget limitation, human errors, negligence, or inconsistent crash recordings.

scholarly journals Modeling of Emergency Supply Scheduling Problem Based on Reliability and Its Solution Algorithm under Variable Road Network after Sudden-Onset Disasters

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinggui Chen ◽  
Shiwen Wu ◽  
Jianjun Yang ◽  
Guodong Cong ◽  
Gongfa Li
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
The Road ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Emergency Supply

It is common that many roads in disaster areas are damaged and obstructed after sudden-onset disasters. The phenomenon often comes with escalated traffic deterioration that raises the time and cost of emergency supply scheduling. Fortunately, repairing road network will shorten the time of in-transit distribution. In this paper, according to the characteristics of emergency supplies distribution, an emergency supply scheduling model based on multiple warehouses and stricken locations is constructed to deal with the failure of part of road networks in the early postdisaster phase. The detailed process is as follows. When part of the road networks fail, we firstly determine whether to repair the damaged road networks, and then a model of reliable emergency supply scheduling based on bi-level programming is proposed. Subsequently, an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is presented to solve the problem mentioned above. Finally, through a case study, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm are verified.

scholarly journals Design of Optimal Rainfall Monitoring Network Using Radar and Road Networks

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Taeyong Kwon ◽  
Seongsim Yoon ◽  
Sanghoo Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Road Networks ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Conditional Entropy ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dam Operation ◽  
A Site ◽  
High Degree

Uncertainty in the rainfall network can lead to mistakes in dam operation. Sudden increases in dam water levels due to rainfall uncertainty are a high disaster risk. In order to prevent these losses, it is necessary to configure an appropriate rainfall network that can effectively reflect the characteristics of the watershed. In this study, conditional entropy was used to calculate the uncertainty of the watershed using rainfall and radar data observed from 2018 to 2019 in the Goesan Dam and Hwacheon Dam watersheds. The results identified radar data suitable for the characteristics of the watershed and proposed a site for an additional rainfall gauge. It is also necessary to select the location of the additional rainfall gauged by limiting the points where smooth movement and installation, for example crossing national borders, are difficult. The proposed site emphasized accessibility and usability by leveraging road information and selecting a radar grid near the road. As a practice result, the uncertainty of precipitation in the Goesan and Hwacheon Dam watersheds could be decreased by 70.0% and 67.9%, respectively, when four and three additional gauge sites were installed without any restriction. When these were installed near to the road, with five and four additional gauge sites, the uncertainty in the Goesan Dam and Hwacheon Dam watersheds were reduced by up to 71.1%. Therefore, due to the high degree of uncertainty, it is necessary to measure precipitation. The operation of the rainfall gauge can provide a smooth site and configure an appropriate monitoring network.

scholarly journals A Parallel-Computing Approach for Vector Road-Network Matching Using GPU Architecture

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wan ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Shunping Zhou ◽  
Run Wang ◽  
Dezhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Graphics Processing Unit ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Data Partition ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
The Road ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Relaxation Matching

The road-network matching method is an effective tool for map integration, fusion, and update. Due to the complexity of road networks in the real world, matching methods often contain a series of complicated processes to identify homonymous roads and deal with their intricate relationship. However, traditional road-network matching algorithms, which are mainly central processing unit (CPU)-based approaches, may have performance bottleneck problems when facing big data. We developed a particle-swarm optimization (PSO)-based parallel road-network matching method on graphics-processing unit (GPU). Based on the characteristics of the two main stages (similarity computation and matching-relationship identification), data-partition and task-partition strategies were utilized, respectively, to fully use GPU threads. Experiments were conducted on datasets with 14 different scales. Results indicate that the parallel PSO-based matching algorithm (PSOM) could correctly identify most matching relationships with an average accuracy of 84.44%, which was at the same level as the accuracy of a benchmark—the probability-relaxation-matching (PRM) method. The PSOM approach significantly reduced the road-network matching time in dealing with large amounts of data in comparison with the PRM method. This paper provides a common parallel algorithm framework for road-network matching algorithms and contributes to integration and update of large-scale road-networks.

scholarly journals Road Networks Winter Risk Estimation Using On-Board Uncooled Infrared Camera for Surface Temperature Measurements over Two Lanes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marchetti ◽  
M. Moutton ◽  
S. Ludwig ◽  
L. Ibos ◽  
V. Feuillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
The Road ◽  
Measurement Rate

Thermal mapping has been implemented since the late eighties to establish the susceptibility of road networks to ice occurrence with measurements from a radiometer and some atmospheric parameters. They are usually done before dawn during wintertime when the road energy is dissipated. The objective of this study was to establish if an infrared camera could improve the determination of ice road susceptibility, to build a new winter risk index, to improve the measurements rate, and to analyze its consistency with seasons and infrastructures environment. Data analysis obtained from the conventional approved radiometer sensing technique and the infrared camera has shown great similarities. A comparison was made with promising perspectives. The measurement rate to analyse a given road network could be increased by a factor two.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document