scholarly journals The Structure and Delivery of Police Use of Force Training: A German Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario S. Staller ◽  
Swen Koerner ◽  
Valentina Heil ◽  
Isabel Klemmer ◽  
Andrew Abraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Constructive Alignment ◽  
Action Capabilities

AbstractThe current study aims to investigate the current structure and delivery of police recruit training. Using a case study approach, we systematically observed a semester of police training that consisted of 30 h with a specific focus on police use of force training. Field notes and time-on-task data was analysed using an inductive approach. The results revealed, first, a lack of constructive alignment of the training modules and learning tasks within the training settings. Second, an adherence to traditional linear approaches to training resulting in high amounts of augmented instruction and feedback and a one-size-fits all approach to technical and tactical behaviour. Third, a non-efficient use of available training time with low amounts of engagement in representatively designed tasks that stimulated problem-solving processes. Based on these results we suggest that there is a need: (a) for police trainers and curriculum designers to align the objectives, practice structure and delivery of police training with the needs of police officers in the field (e.g. conflict resolution); (b) for police trainers to employ more learner-centred pedagogical approaches that account for individual action capabilities and resources, and allow for high amounts of training time with representatively designed training tasks; and (c) for senior managers of overall police training decision-makers to provide the necessary trainer education, in order to furnish trainers with the knowledge and tools to appropriately plan, deliver and reflect upon their practice in keeping with concept of constructive alignment.

scholarly journals Revised findings for "Procedural justice training reduces police use of force and complaints against officers"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Wood ◽  
Tom Tyler ◽  
Andrew V Papachristos ◽  
Jonathan Roth ◽  
Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Statistical Problem ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Chicago Police Department ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Chicago Police

Wood et al. (2020) studied the rollout of a procedural justice training program in the Chicago Police Department and found large and statistically significant impacts on complaints and sustained complaints against police officers and police use of force. This document describes a subtle statistical problem that led the magnitude of those estimates to be inflated. We then re-analyze the data using a methodology that corrects for this problem. The re-analysis provides less strong conclusions about the effectiveness of the training than the original study: although the point estimates for most outcomes and specifications are negative and of a meaningful magnitude, the confidence intervals typically include zero or very small effects. On the whole, we interpret the data as providing suggestive evidence that procedural justice training reduced the use of force, but no statistically significant evidence for a reduction in complaints or sustained complaints.

scholarly journals Police use of force: individualistic, situational, and organizational approachPolisin zor kullanmasi: bireysel, durumsal ve organizasyonel yaklaşım

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1280
Author(s):  
İlyas Özgentürk
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Physical Strength

<p>While ensuring public safety and fighting against criminals the police are given exceptional powers such as the use of force to protect themselves as well as others in the process of fighting criminals. In a democratic society the limits of the use of force given by the state to the police is regulated by law. Misuse of power by the police, regarding humanitarian concerns, in terms of philosophical dilemmas and political implications has great impact on people. Use of force is defined as; use of physical strength and any equipment in increased proportion to neutralize acts of resistance or attack. The power to use of force is a direct intervention to the fundamental rights and freedoms of persons. Therefore, use of excessive force is considered as a direct violation of human rights. There have been numerous researches and studies about Police use of force. However, the complex structure of use of force, and it association with many factors creates a lot of limitations in this area. Therefore, the researchers have systematized the use of force by the police and focused on situational and institutional factors. Individual factors affecting the use of power and force by the police officers are defined as; The age of the police officer, education level and occupational experience. Regarding situational factors the researchers have focused on characteristics like; type of event that the police officer has encountered the public and the characteristics the suspects. Regarding explaining the Institutional factors it is focused on; the affect of the police culture (subculture) and service delivery philosophy of de unit that the officer is working at.</p><p align="left"> </p><p align="left"><strong>Özet</strong></p><p align="left">Kamunun güvenliğini sağlama ve suçlularla mücadele etme görevini yerine getirirken polise hem kendisini hem de başkalarını koruması ve suçlularla mücadele edebilmesi için zor kullanma gibi bir takım istisnai yetkiler verilmiştir.  Demokratik toplumlarda devletin polise vermiş olduğu zor kullanma yetkisinin sınırları hukuk tarafından düzenlenmiştir. Polisin sahip olduğu gücü suiistimal etmesi insani kaygılar, felsefi ikilemler ve politik sonuçlar açısından halk üzerinde büyük etkilere sahiptir. Zor kullanma; direnme ve saldırı karşısında bu fiilleri etkisiz hale getirecek derecede artan nispette bedeni kuvvet her türlü teçhizatı kullanmak şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Zor kullanma yetkisi kişilerin temel hak ve özgürlüklerine doğrudan bir müdahaledir.  Bu nedenle zor kullanma yetkisinin aşılması doğrudan insan hakları ihlali sayılmaktadır. Polisin zor kullanması ile ilgili sayısız araştırmalar ve çalışmalar yapılmıştır.  Ancak, zor kullanmanın kompleks yapısı ve  çok çeşitli nedenlerle ilişkili olmasından dolayı bu alanda oldukça fazla sınırlamalar vardır.  Bu nedenle, araştırmacılar polisin kuvvet kullanmasını sistematize ederek bireysel, durumsal ve kurumsal faktörlerin üzerinde durmuşlardır. Polis memurlarının güç ve kuvvet kullanmasını etkileyen bireysel faktörler; polis memurlarının yaşı, eğitim seviyesi, mesleki tecrübesi gibi karakteristikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Durumsal faktörler; polislerin halk ile karşı karşıya geldikleri olayların cinsi ve şüphelilerin karakteristikleri üzerinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Kurumsal faktörler; polisin memurlarının görev yaptığı polis biriminin kurumsal kültürü ve hizmet anlayışının etkilerini açıklamaya çalışmaktadır.</p>

scholarly journals Social Interaction Training to Reduce Police Use of Force

2020 ◽  
Vol 687 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Wolfe ◽  
Jeff Rojek ◽  
Kyle McLean ◽  
Geoffrey Alpert
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Practice Framework ◽  
Social Interaction Skills

Controversial incidents involving uses of force by police in recent years have led to calls for improving officers’ de-escalation skills. A more fruitful approach to police training reform may be a broader focus on improving officers’ social interaction skills. By viewing all police-citizen encounters as social interactions that can either escalate toward or de-escalate away from the use of force, police training can develop what other fields call a “deliberate, repetitive practice” framework. This article describes the implementation of a randomized trial that brought such training to two U.S. police agencies and yielded encouraging results. We conclude that the conceptual framework was generally well received but that results depended heavily on the selection and performance of each agency’s own trainers.

Lost in transition: The effects of transitioning between firearms and electronic control devices (ECDs) on perception-response times (PRTs)

2021 ◽  
pp. 0032258X2110441
Author(s):  
Paul L Taylor ◽  
Paul Sipe ◽  
Lon Bartel
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Training Simulator ◽  
Temporal Space

The research described in this article tested the perception-response times for experienced police officers to transition from a firearm to a TASER and from a TASER to a firearm. The theoretical models and police training on use of force have largely ignored the temporal space between force modalities. Escalating through force modalities has by default been treated as equivalent, in task and timing, to deescalating through force modalities. This study employed a randomized controlled experiment using a police firearms training simulator and 139 active law enforcement officers. The average perception-response time for transition from a TASER to a firearm was 2.49 seconds for experienced police officers in response to an anticipated visual stimulus in a laboratory setting. The average perception-response time for transition from a firearm to a TASER was 4.7 seconds for experienced police officers in a response to an anticipated visual stimulus in a laboratory setting. 70% of the officers that participated in the study had never participated in department training that required them to transition between a firearm and a TASER. The findings demonstrate that moving from TASER to firearm and from firearm to TASER are not equivalent tasks. In the case of firearms and TASERs, it is significantly faster to move up the force continuum—from TASER to firearm—than it is to move down the force continuum. This research has implications for police training, tactics, policy, research, and post hoc investigations involving the use or potential use of force.

Police attitudes toward the use of inappropriate force in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 146135572110218
Author(s):  
Shelley Liu ◽  
Lening Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Police Attitudes ◽  
Officer Attitudes

The purpose of this study is to explore police attitudes toward the use of inappropriate force in China. Using original data from a survey of over 900 police officers in China, this study investigated patterns of officers’ attitudes toward the use of force and correlates of officer attitudes supportive of the use of inappropriate force. This study shows that a significant number of officers hold attitudes supportive of the use of inappropriate force. Regression analysis demonstrates complex relationship between police role-orientation and officers’ attitudes toward the use of inappropriate force. This study also found that police training on the use of force was not as effective as expected in shaping officers’ attitudes toward the use of force. The implication for police training is discussed in relation to findings of this study.

scholarly journals Police Training in Practice: Organization and Delivery According to European Law Enforcement Agencies

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisanne Kleygrewe ◽  
Raôul R. D. Oudejans ◽  
Matthijs Koedijk ◽  
R. I. (Vana) Hutter
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Training ◽  
European Law ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Personal Learning ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Available Resources

Police training plays a crucial role in the development of police officers. Because the training of police officers combines various educational components and is governed by organizational guidelines, police training is a complex, multifaceted topic. The current study investigates training at six European law enforcement agencies and aims to identify strengths and challenges of current training organization and practice. We interviewed a total of 16 police instructors and seven police coordinators with conceptual training tasks. A thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006; Terry et al., 2017) was conducted and results organized in the two main themes evident across all six law enforcement agencies: organization of training and delivery of training. Results show that governmental structures and police executive boards are seen as the primary authorities that define the training framework in which police instructors operate. These administrative structures regulate distant and immediate resources, such as available training time, training facilities, equipment, and personnel. Within the confines of available resources and predetermined training frameworks, results indicate that police instructors thoroughly enjoy teaching, creating supportive and motivating learning environments, and applying their personal learning perspectives to training. Nonetheless, police instructors are critical of the level of training they are able to achieve with the available resources.

scholarly journals Policing Tourism: Findings From an Evaluation of a Tourism-oriented Policing Training Program in the Caribbean

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Wendell Codrington Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Quantitative Case Study ◽  
Police Practices

This article evaluates a tourism-oriented policing (TOP) training program that was conducted with police officers in the Caribbean island of Tobago. It focuses on TOP and its increasing role in contemporary police practices, especially at destinations that depend on tourism for survival. The article explores previous tourism policing approaches, the need for tourist safety and the necessity for police departments to contemporise their policing by moving away from former paradigms of police officers as generalists. The study utilises a quantitative case study approach in surveying the TOP training program, with data analysed from pre- and post-test questionnaires of 25 participants. Descriptive results indicate general satisfaction with the training, a belief that tourism security is beneficial to the tourism industry in Tobago and that senior police officers should all receive TOP training.

scholarly journals PERILAKU SUPPORTER SEPAKBOLA PSIM YOGYAKARTA

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Vita Fradiantika ◽  
Sukadiyanto Sukadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Political Interests

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku supporter sepakbola PSIM Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tiga orang pengurus Brajamusti, tiga orang pengurus The Maident, dan untuk tria-ngulasi menggunakan subjek Presiden Brajamusti, Ketua Umum The Maident, dan dua anggota kepo-lisian. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara mendalam dengan pedoman wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua kelompok supporter Brajamusti dan The Maident berperilaku fanatik dalam memberikan dukungan terhadap PSIM, sehingga sering menimbulkan perkelahian antarsupporter. Faktor yang menjadi penyebab pecahnya Brajamusti adalah faktor politik yang dilakukan oleh pihak tertentu untuk kepentingan politiknya. Dampak positif yang dihasilkan oleh kedua kelompok supporter berupa dukungan finansial hasil pembelian tiket setiap menonton pertandingan PSIM. Sedangkan dampak negatifnya adalah adanya persaingan yang tidak sehat antara Brajamusti dan The Maident sehingga dukungan kepada PSIM menjadi tersamarkan.  PSIM’s SUPPORTER BEHAVIOURAbstract This study aims to investigate the behavior of PSIM’s (Perserikatan Sepakbola Indonesia Mataram) supporters. This study used qualitative methods with case study approach. Informants used in this study consist of three members of Brajamusti board and three members of the Maident board. For the triangulation, in this study the Brajamusti President, Chairman of The Maident, and two police officers were interviewed. The results showed that Brajamusti and The Maident are behave fanatic in providing support to PSIM, so that often cause fights between supporters. Factor that cause the broken of Brajamusti is political that made by certain parties for political interests. The positive impact of these two groups of supporters are their contribution for buying tickets in every time they watch PSIM, so it can be a financial support. While the negative impact of the two groups of supporters are the unfair competition between them  that makes support for PSIM become obscured. Keywords: behavior, football, supporters

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