scholarly journals Correction to: The measure mix matters: multiple-component plant protection is indispensable for coping with the enormous genome plasticity and mutation rates in pathogenic microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ely Oliveira-Garcia ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann ◽  
Holger B. Deising
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Genome Plasticity ◽  
Multiple Component

scholarly journals The measure mix matters: multiple-component plant protection is indispensable for coping with the enormous genome plasticity and mutation rates in pathogenic microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ely Oliveira Garcia ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann ◽  
Holger B. Deising
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Genome Plasticity ◽  
Multiple Component

AbstractEfficient plant protection is of fundamental importance in order to warrant food security. Here, we present arguments that a coordinate approach in plant protection is urgently required, taking advantage of a broad mix of measures, including modern synthetic chemistries, capable of protecting plants from adverse organisms.

scholarly journals Double-Stranded RNAs in Plant Protection Against Pathogenic Organisms and Viruses in Agriculture

Acta Naturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Morozov ◽  
A. G. Solovyev ◽  
N. O. Kalinina ◽  
M. E. Taliansky
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Pathogenic Organisms

Recent studies have shown that plants are able to express the artificial genes responsible for the synthesis of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and hairpin double-stranded RNAs (hpRNAs), as well as uptake and process exogenous dsRNAs and hpRNAs to suppress the gene expression of plant pathogenic viruses, fungi, or insects. Both endogenous and exogenous dsRNAs are processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that can spread locally and systemically through the plant, enter pathogenic microorganisms, and induce RNA interference-mediated pathogen resistance in plants. There are numerous examples of the development of new biotechnological approaches to plant protection using transgenic plants and exogenous dsRNAs. This review summarizes new data on the use of transgenes and exogenous dsRNAs for the suppression of fungal and insect virulence genes, as well as viruses to increase the resistance of plants to these pathogens. We also analyzed the current ideas about the mechanisms of dsRNA processing and transport in plants.

Pollutant Identification by Selected Area Electron Diffraction

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 532-533
Author(s):  
R. E. Ferrell ◽  
G. G. Paulson ◽  
C. W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Multiple Component

Selected area electron diffraction (SAD) has been used successfully to determine crystal structures, identify traces of minerals in rocks, and characterize the phases formed during thermal treatment of micron-sized particles. There is an increased interest in the method because it has the potential capability of identifying micron-sized pollutants in air and water samples. This paper is a short review of the theory behind SAD and a discussion of the sample preparation employed for the analysis of multiple component environmental samples.

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

Institute For Plant Protection

1920 ◽  
Vol 2 (2supp) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Vernon Kellogg ◽  
R. M. Yerkes ◽  
H. E. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection

Antimicrobial activity of essential oils onto pathogenic microorganisms of interest to dentistry

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
VR Santos ◽  
VA Noronha ◽  
JC Silva ◽  
FF Silva ◽  
TF Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms

Do Mutation Rates Match the Kelly Criterion?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Kelly Criterion

The Kelly Criterion defines an optimal betting strategy for games that have a defined risk and payoff. This letter explores the question of if this can be used as a methodology for analyzing mutation rates.

EVOLUTION OF CHEMICAL METHODS OF PLANT PROTECTION FROM PESTS IN RUSSIAN HUMID SUBTROPICS AND THE PROBLEM OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY

2014 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
N.N. Karpun ◽  
◽  
Ye.A. Ignatova ◽  
E.B. Yanushevskaya ◽  
N.N. Leonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Humid Subtropics

Changes in the Population Density of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Response to the Allelopathic Effect of Thypha Latifolia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorskiy ◽  
O. Gulay ◽  
V. Gulay ◽  
N. Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Samples

Aim. To determine the response of the populations of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and Leptospira interrogans pathogenic microorganisms to the impact of broadleaf cattail (Thypha latifolia) root diffusates. Methods. Aqueous solutions of T. latifolia root diffusates were sterilized by vacuum fi ltration through the fi lters with 0.2-micron pore diameter. The experimental samples contained cattail secretions, sterile water, and cultures of E. rhusiopathiae or L. interrogans. The same amount of sterile water, as in the experimental samples, was used for the purpose of control, and the same quantity of microbial cultures was added in it. After exposure, the density of cells in the experimental and control samples was determined. Results. Root diffusates of T. latifolia caused an increase in cell density in the populations of E. rhusiopathiae throughout the whole range of the studied dilutions (1:10–1:10000). In the populations of the 6 studied serological variants of L. interrogans spirochetes (pomona, grippotyphosa, copenhageni, kabura, tarassovi, canicola), the action of broadleaf cattail root diffusates caused the decrease in cell density. A stimulatory effect was marked in the experimental samples of the pollonica serological variant of leptospira. Conclusions. The populations of E. rhusiopathiae and L. interrogans pathogenic microorganisms respond to the allelopathic effect of Thypha latifolia by changing the cell density. The obtained results provide the background to assume that broadleaf cattail thickets create favorable conditions for the existence of E. rhusiopathiae pathogen bacteria. The reduced cell density of L. interrogans in the experimental samples compared to the control samples observed under the infl uence of T. latifolia root diffusates suggests that reservoirs with broadleaf cattail thickets are marked by the unfavorable conditions for the existence of pathogenic leptospira (except L. pollonica).

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