Synthesis, characterization and properties of organically compounded bentonite by molecular intercalation process

Nacrite has been intercalated with two polar organic molecules: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) andN-methylacetamide (NMA). The homogeneous nacrite complexes have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The XRD study is based on a comparison between experimental and calculated patterns. The structures of the intercalated compounds have been determined, including the mutual positions of the layers after intercalation and the positions of the intercalated molecules in the interlayer space. It has been shown that the intercalation process causes not only a swelling of the interlayer space but also a shift in the mutual in-plane positions of the layers. This shift depends on the nature of the intercalated molecules and is related to their shape and the hydrogen bonds which are established with the surrounding surfaces. For a given molecule, the intercalation process is the same for the different polytypes of the kaolinite family. These XRD results are consistent with those of IR spectroscopy.

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Following the intercalation process of H2SO4into pyrographite by x-ray microscopy

Physical Review B ◽

10.1103/physrevb.56.4944 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 56 (8) ◽

pp. 4944-4948 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. Erre ◽

E. Bourelle ◽

B. Claude-Montigny ◽

A. Métrot ◽

J. Cazaux

Keyword(s):

X Ray ◽

Intercalation Process

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Preparation of Sulfur-Free Exfoliated Graphite by a Two-Step Intercalation Process and Its Application for Adsorption of Oils

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2017/5824976 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jun He ◽

Laizhou Song ◽

Hongxia Yang ◽

Xiaohui Ren ◽

Lifei Xing

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Perchloric Acid ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Intercalation Compound ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Chemical Oxidation ◽

Exfoliated Graphite ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Graphite Flake ◽

Intercalation Process

The sulfur-free exfoliated graphite (EG) was prepared by a two-step chemical oxidation process, using natural flake graphite (NFG) as the precursor. The first chemical intercalation process was carried out at a temperature of 30°C for 50 min, with the optimum addition of NFG, potassium permanganate, and perchloric acid in a weight ratio of 1 : 0.4 : 10.56. Then, in the secondary intercalation step, dipotassium phosphate was employed as the intercalating agent to further increase the exfoliated volume (EV) of EG. NFG, graphite intercalation compound (GIC), and EG were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), BET surface area, and porosity analyzer. Also, the uptakes of crude oil, diesel oil, and gasoline by EG were determined. Results show that perchloric acid and hydrogen phosphate are validated to enter into the interlayer of graphite flake. The obtained EG possesses a large exfoliated volume (EV) and has an excellent affinity to oils; thus, the material has rapid adsorption rates and high adsorption capacities for crude oil, diesel oil, and gasoline.

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Development of the Morphology and the Band Gap Energy of Co–Si Nanofibers by Inserting Zirconium and Titanium with Dual Anions Intercalation Process

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9224775 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (22) ◽

pp. 4775 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Osama Saber ◽

Nagih M. Shaalan ◽

Aya Osama ◽

Adil Alshoaibi

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Band Gap ◽

Optical Materials ◽

Band Gap Energy ◽

Gap Energy ◽

Intercalation Process ◽

Trivalent Cations ◽

Optical Applications ◽

Double Hydroxides ◽

First Time

The plate-like structure is the most familiar morphology for conventional layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in case their structures consist of divalent and trivalent cations in their layers. In this study, nanofibers and nanoneedles of Co–Si LDHs were prepared for the first time. By the inclusion of zirconium inside the nanolayers of LDH structures, their plates were formed and transformed to nanofibers. These nanofibers were modified by the insertion of titanium to build again plate-like morphology for the LDH structure. This morphology controlling was studied and explained by a dual anions intercalation process. The optical properties of Co–Si LDHs indicated that the incorporation of zirconium within their nanolayers decreased the band gap energy from 4.4 eV to 2.9 eV. Following the same behavior, the insertion of titanium besides zirconium within the nanolayers of Co–Si LDHs caused a further reduction in the band gap energy, which became 2.85 eV. Although there is no data for the optical properties of Co–Si LDHs in the literature, it is interesting to observe the low band gap energy for Co–Si LDHs to become more suitable for optical applications. These results concluded that the reduction of the band gap energy and the formation of nanofibers introduce new optical materials for developing and designing optical nanodevices.

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