Biodiversity and ecological interactions of earthworm species from Poonch division Pakistan

This article proposes a new way of looking at social conflicts relating to industrial tree plantations by arguing that such conflicts reflect the struggle between two distinct institutional logics, i.e., property versus possession. The abstract logic of property, enhanced by credit relations and the minimization of costs, stimulates commercial plantations and tends to be detrimental to the environment. By contrast, the concrete logic of possession forces local communities to take account of complex local social and ecological interactions, and thereby encourages a sustainable use of the forest.

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THE MISSING PIECE II: CONSEQUENCES OF TERMINAL PLEISTOCENE MEGAFAUNAL EXTINCTION ON ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PREDATORS AND PREY

10.1130/abs/2019am-335474 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Felisa A. Smith ◽

◽

Amelia Villaseñor ◽

Emma A. Elliott Smith ◽

Catalina P. Tome ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecological Interactions ◽

Terminal Pleistocene

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New and little known earthworm species from the Mt. Nimba, Guinea (Oligochaeta, Acanthodrilidae: Benhamiinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2141.1.4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2141 (1) ◽

pp. 56-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

CSABA CSUZDI ◽

MARTINEZ ARNAUTH GUEI ◽

JÉRÔME EBAGNERIN TONDOH

Keyword(s):

Original Description ◽

Recent Survey ◽

Habitat Types ◽

Earthworm Species ◽

New Material ◽

Independent Species

A recent survey in the main habitat types of Mt. Nimba, Guinea (upland prairie, Serengbara forest and piedmont savannah) resulted in recording of 13 earthworm species of which 9 are first reported after the original description and three, Dichogaster (Dichogaster) cornuta sp. n., Guineoscolex geminatus sp. n. and Guineoscolex ungulatus sp. n., proved to be new to science. On the basis of the new material collected Benhamia inaequalis f. nimbai Omodeo is redescribed and resurrected from synonymy of Guineoscolex inaequalis (Michaelsen) as an independent species Guineoscolex nimbai (Omodeo). With 17 original figures.

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Effects of Dysbiosis and Dietary Manipulation on the Digestive Microbiota of a Detritivorous Arthropod

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9010148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 148

Author(s):

Marius Bredon ◽

Elisabeth Depuydt ◽

Lucas Brisson ◽

Laurent Moulin ◽

Ciriac Charles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crucial Role ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Ecological Interactions ◽

Dietary Manipulation ◽

Biotic Factors ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽

And Function ◽

Multicellular Organisms ◽

Over Time

The crucial role of microbes in the evolution, development, health, and ecological interactions of multicellular organisms is now widely recognized in the holobiont concept. However, the structure and stability of microbiota are highly dependent on abiotic and biotic factors, especially in the gut, which can be colonized by transient bacteria depending on the host’s diet. We studied these impacts by manipulating the digestive microbiota of the detritivore Armadillidium vulgare and analyzing the consequences on its structure and function. Hosts were exposed to initial starvation and then were fed diets that varied the different components of lignocellulose. A total of 72 digestive microbiota were analyzed according to the type of the diet (standard or enriched in cellulose, lignin, or hemicellulose) and the period following dysbiosis. The results showed that microbiota from the hepatopancreas were very stable and resilient, while the most diverse and labile over time were found in the hindgut. Dysbiosis and selective diets may have affected the host fitness by altering the structure of the microbiota and its predicted functions. Overall, these modifications can therefore have effects not only on the holobiont, but also on the “eco-holobiont” conceptualization of macroorganisms.

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Microbiomes attached to fresh perennial ryegrass are temporally resilient and adapt to changing ecological niches

Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s40168-021-01087-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sharon A. Huws ◽

Joan E. Edwards ◽

Wanchang Lin ◽

Francesco Rubino ◽

Mark Alston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Transcriptional Activity ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

Ecological Interactions ◽

Carbohydrate Degradation ◽

Host Nutrition ◽

Role Based ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Background Gut microbiomes, such as the rumen, greatly influence host nutrition due to their feed energy-harvesting capacity. We investigated temporal ecological interactions facilitating energy harvesting at the fresh perennial ryegrass (PRG)-biofilm interface in the rumen using an in sacco approach and prokaryotic metatranscriptomic profiling. Results Network analysis identified two distinct sub-microbiomes primarily representing primary (≤ 4 h) and secondary (≥ 4 h) colonisation phases and the most transcriptionally active bacterial families (i.e Fibrobacteriaceae, Selemondaceae and Methanobacteriaceae) did not interact with either sub-microbiome, indicating non-cooperative behaviour. Conversely, Prevotellaceae had most transcriptional activity within the primary sub-microbiome (focussed on protein metabolism) and Lachnospiraceae within the secondary sub-microbiome (focussed on carbohydrate degradation). Putative keystone taxa, with low transcriptional activity, were identified within both sub-microbiomes, highlighting the important synergistic role of minor bacterial families; however, we hypothesise that they may be ‘cheating’ in order to capitalise on the energy-harvesting capacity of other microbes. In terms of chemical cues underlying transition from primary to secondary colonisation phases, we suggest that AI-2-based quorum sensing plays a role, based on LuxS gene expression data, coupled with changes in PRG chemistry. Conclusions In summary, we show that fresh PRG-attached prokaryotes are resilient and adapt quickly to changing niches. This study provides the first major insight into the complex temporal ecological interactions occurring at the plant-biofilm interface within the rumen. The study also provides valuable insights into potential plant breeding strategies for development of the utopian plant, allowing optimal sustainable production of ruminants.

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Fungal-Fungal Interactions in Leaf-Cutting Ant Agriculture

Psyche A Journal of Entomology ◽

10.1155/2011/617478 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sunshine A. Van Bael ◽

Catalina Estrada ◽

William T. Wcislo

Keyword(s):

Plant Traits ◽

Secondary Compounds ◽

Future Research ◽

Ecological Interactions ◽

Tropical Plants ◽

Symbiotic Relationships ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Symbiotic Fungi ◽

Leaf Cutting ◽

Fungal Interactions

Many organisms participate in symbiotic relationships with other organisms, yet studies of symbioses typically have focused on the reciprocal costs and benefits within a particular host-symbiont pair. Recent studies indicate that many ecological interactions involve alliances of symbionts acting together as mutualistic consortia against other consortia. Such interacting consortia are likely to be widespread in nature, even if the interactions often occur in a cryptic fashion. Little theory and empirical data exist concerning how these complex interactions shape ecological outcomes in nature. Here, we review recent work on fungal-fungal interactions between two consortia: (i) leaf-cutting ants and their symbiotic fungi (the latter grown as a food crop by the former) and (ii) tropical plants and their foliar endophytes (the cryptic symbiotic fungi within leaves of the former). Plant characteristics (e.g., secondary compounds or leaf physical properties of leaves) are involved in leaf-cutting ant preferences, and a synthesis of published information suggests that these plant traits could be modified by fungal presence. We discuss potential mechanisms for how fungal-fungal interactions proceed in the leaf-cutting ant agriculture and suggest themes for future research.

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Acquisition of Adaptive Traits via Interspecific Association: Ecological Consequences and Applications

Ecologies ◽

10.3390/ecologies2010004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 43-70

Author(s):

Aabir Banerji

Keyword(s):

Natural Selection ◽

Gene Transfer ◽

Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽

Natural Resource Management ◽

Natural Resource ◽

Environmental Cues ◽

Ecological Interactions ◽

Interspecific Association ◽

Adaptive Traits ◽

Exogenous Substances

Adaptative traits enable organisms to survive and reproduce. Though these traits are often innate features (ones that may or may not exhibit variability in response to environmental cues or originate from horizontal gene transfer), this is not always the case. Many species endure natural selection not with the traits they possess intrinsically but with exogenous substances and abilities that they acquire from other species, via ecological interactions akin to outsourcing, pillaging, and fraud. Here, I review the mechanisms of this exogenous trait acquisition and highlight some of their repercussions and usefulness for natural resource management, industry, and human health.

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