scholarly journals Automatically Producing Semantically Tagged Bilingual Terminologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Vivaldi ◽  
Horacio Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Source ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Central Repository ◽  
Restricted Domains ◽  
Domain Independent

AbstractEven though many NLP resources and tools claim to be domain independent, their application to specific tasks is restricted to some specific domain, otherwise their performance degrade notably. As the accuracy of NLP resources drops heavily when applied in environments different from which they were built a tuning to the new environment is needed. This paper proposes a method for automatically compile terminologies from potentially any domain. The proposed method takes as reference the set of domains defined by Magnini, the Multilingual Central Repository (a resource based on WordNet 3.0) together with DBpedia, an open knowledge source that had proven to be reliable for restricted domains. Using the method described in this article, we have produced a big set of reliable terminologies for 164 domains and 2 languages totalling 635,527 terms. The proposed method has been applied to English and Spanish languages but it is potentially applicable to any language that has its own a DBpedia evolved enough. The obtained results have been intensively evaluated in several ways.

Towards a foundation for evaluating AI planners

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil A. Kartam ◽  
David E. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Electronic Mail ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Goal State ◽  
World State ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Performance Issues ◽  
Planning Problems ◽  
Domain Independent

There exists a large body of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research on generating plans, i.e. linear or non-linear sequences of actions, to transform an initial world state to some desired goal state. However, much of the planning research to date has been complicated, ill-understood, and unclear. Only a few of the developers of these planners have provided a thorough description of their research products, and those descriptions that exist are usually unrealistically favorable since the range of applications for which the systems are tested is limited to those for which they were developed. As a result, it is difficult to evaluate these planners and to choose the best planner for a different domain. To make a planner applicable to different planning problems, it should be domain independent. However, one needs to know the circumstances under which a general planner works so that one can determine its suitability for a specific domain.This paper presents criteria for evaluating AI planners; these criteria fall into three categories: (1) performance issues, (2) representational issues, and (3) communication issues. This paper also assesses four non-linear AI planners (NOAH, NONLIN, SIPE and TWEAK) based on a study of the published literature and on communication (via electronic mail, meetings and correspondence) with their developers.

scholarly journals Domain-Dependent and Domain-Independent Problem Solving Techniques

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Stern
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Heuristic Search ◽  
Search Algorithms ◽  
A Algorithm ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Heuristic Search Algorithms ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Transition Operators ◽  
Domain Independent

Heuristic search is a general problem-solving method. Some heuristic search algorithms, like the well-known A* algorithm, are domain-independent, in the sense that their knowledge of the problem at-hand is limited to the (1) initial state, (2) state transition operators and their costs, (3) goal-test function, and (4) black-box heuristic function that estimates the value of a state. Prominent examples are A* and Weighted A*. Other heuristic search algorithms are domain-dependent, that is, customized to solve problems from a specific domain. A well-known example is conflict-directed A*, which is specifically designed to solve model-based diagnosis problems. In this paper, we review our recent advancements in both domain-independent and domain-dependent heuristic search, and outline several challenging open questions.

scholarly journals Sup_Ont

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Sonika Malik ◽  
Sarika Jain
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Production Rules ◽  
Representation System ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Representation Scheme ◽  
Domain Independent

A domain-independent conceptual model that aims to be highly reusable across specific domain applications is provided by upper-level ontologies which usually describe abstract concepts. In this paper, the authors proposed Sup_Ont, a fundamental upper ontology. In this ontology, the structure of the universe shows the concept of reality that is defined to have an existence which is known as truth. The devised super ontology and hence the domain ontologies can be reused across applications because of the generalized representation scheme used that is an EHCPR. An extended hierarchical censored production rules (EHCPRs) system is a knowledge representation system for reasoning with real-life problems and a step towards a generalized representation system. An EHCPR is a unit of knowledge resulting in a knowledge base that shows modularity and hierarchy. Extended hierarchical censored production rules (EHCPRs) have been used to represent the knowledge in intelligent systems.

Magnetization dynamics of irradiation-fabricated perpendicularly magnetized dots inside a softer magnetic matrix

2003 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Devolder ◽  
M. Belmeguenai ◽  
C. Chappert ◽  
H. Bernas ◽  
Y. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Domain Wall ◽  
Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Magnetization Reversal ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Magnetic Nanostructures ◽  
Magnetic Storage ◽  
Exchange Field ◽  
Static Magnetization ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Helium Ion

AbstractGlobal Helium ion irradiation can tune the magnetic properties of thin films, notably their magneto-crystalline anisotropy. Helium ion irradiation through nanofabricated masks can been used to produce sub-micron planar magnetic nanostructures of various types. Among these, perpendicularly magnetized dots in a matrix of weaker magnetic anisotropy are of special interest because their quasi-static magnetization reversal is nucleation-free and proceeds by a very specific domain wall injection from the magnetically “soft” matrix, which acts as a domain wall reservoir for the “hard” dot. This guarantees a remarkably weak coercivity dispersion. This new type of irradiation-fabricated magnetic device can also be designed to achieve high magnetic switching speeds, typically below 100 ps at a moderate applied field cost. The speed is obtained through the use of a very high effective magnetic field, and high resulting precession frequencies. During magnetization reversal, the effective field incorporates a significant exchange field, storing energy in the form of a domain wall surrounding a high magnetic anisotropy nanostructure's region of interest. The exchange field accelerates the reversal and lowers the cost in reversal field. Promising applications to magnetic storage are anticipated.

A Hydrogen Bond Between Linear Tetrapyrrole and Conserved Aspartate Causes the Far-Red Shifted Absorption of Phytochrome Photoreceptors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egle Maximowitsch ◽  
Tatiana Domratcheva
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Pyrrole Ring ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Spectral Shift ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Study Guides ◽  
Rational Engineering ◽  
Tuning Mechanism

Photoswitching of phytochrome photoreceptors between red-absorbing (Pr) and far-red absorbing (Pfr) states triggers light adaptation of plants, bacteria and other organisms. Using quantum chemistry, we elucidate the color-tuning mechanism of phytochromes and identify the origin of the Pfr-state red-shifted spectrum. Spectral variations are explained by resonance interactions of the protonated linear tetrapyrrole chromophore. In particular, hydrogen bonding of pyrrole ring D with the strictly conserved aspartate shifts the positive charge towards ring D thereby inducing the red spectral shift. Our MD simulations demonstrate that formation of the ring D–aspartate hydrogen bond depends on interactions between the chromophore binding domain (CBD) and phytochrome specific domain (PHY). Our study guides rational engineering of fluorescent phytochromes with a far-red shifted spectrum.

Designing a Chat-Bot for College Information using Information Retrieval and Automatic Text Summarization Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha Guha
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Text Summarization ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
User Query ◽  
College Information ◽  
Chat Bot

Background:: In the era of information overload it is very difficult for a human reader to make sense of the vast information available in the internet quickly. Even for a specific domain like college or university website it may be difficult for a user to browse through all the links to get the relevant answers quickly. Objective:: In this scenario, design of a chat-bot which can answer questions related to college information and compare between colleges will be very useful and novel. Methods:: In this paper a novel conversational interface chat-bot application with information retrieval and text summariza-tion skill is designed and implemented. Firstly this chat-bot has a simple dialog skill when it can understand the user query intent, it responds from the stored collection of answers. Secondly for unknown queries, this chat-bot can search the internet and then perform text summarization using advanced techniques of natural language processing (NLP) and text mining (TM). Results:: The advancement of NLP capability of information retrieval and text summarization using machine learning tech-niques of Latent Semantic Analysis(LSI), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Word2Vec, Global Vector (GloVe) and Tex-tRank are reviewed and compared in this paper first before implementing them for the chat-bot design. This chat-bot im-proves user experience tremendously by getting answers to specific queries concisely which takes less time than to read the entire document. Students, parents and faculty can get the answers for variety of information like admission criteria, fees, course offerings, notice board, attendance, grades, placements, faculty profile, research papers and patents etc. more effi-ciently. Conclusion:: The purpose of this paper was to follow the advancement in NLP technologies and implement them in a novel application.

scholarly journals ETS-Domain Transcription Factor Elk-1 Regulates Stemness Genes in Brain Tumors and CD133+ BrainTumor-Initiating Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Melis Savasan Sogut ◽  
Chitra Venugopal ◽  
Basak Kandemir ◽  
Ugur Dag ◽  
Sujeivan Mahendram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Brain Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Ets Domain

Elk-1, a member of the ternary complex factors (TCFs) within the ETS (E26 transformation-specific) domain superfamily, is a transcription factor implicated in neuroprotection, neurodegeneration, and brain tumor proliferation. Except for known targets, c-fos and egr-1, few targets of Elk-1 have been identified. Interestingly, SMN, SOD1, and PSEN1 promoters were shown to be regulated by Elk-1. On the other hand, Elk-1 was shown to regulate the CD133 gene, which is highly expressed in brain-tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) and used as a marker for separating this cancer stem cell population. In this study, we have carried out microarray analysis in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing Elk-1-VP16, which has revealed a large number of genes significantly regulated by Elk-1 that function in nervous system development, embryonic development, pluripotency, apoptosis, survival, and proliferation. Among these, we have shown that genes related to pluripotency, such as Sox2, Nanog, and Oct4, were indeed regulated by Elk-1, and in the context of brain tumors, we further showed that Elk-1 overexpression in CD133+ BTIC population results in the upregulation of these genes. When Elk-1 expression is silenced, the expression of these stemness genes is decreased. We propose that Elk-1 is a transcription factor upstream of these genes, regulating the self-renewal of CD133+ BTICs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document