scholarly journals Study and design of a retrofitted smart water meter solution with energy harvesting integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Pimenta ◽  
Paulo Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Water Turbine ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Operation Cost ◽  
Water Meter

AbstractThe reduction of water resources due to climate change and the increasing demand associated with population growth is a renewed concern. Water distribution monitoring and smart metering are essential tools to improve distribution efficiency. This paper reports on the study, design, and implementation of a smart water meter (SWM) prototype, designed for mechanical water meters that need to undergo a retrofitting process to enable automatic metering readings. Metering data is transmitted through innovative narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) technology with low power, long-range, and effective penetration. A flexible power management design allows the introduction of an energy harvester that recovers energy from the surrounding environment and charges the internal battery. The energy harvesting feasibility was demonstrated with two proof-of-concept configurations, light and water-turbine based. The details on the performance of the proposed solution are presented, including the output voltages and harvested power. Although the energy harvesting technologies have not been integrated yet in commercial SWM applications, the results show that the integration is feasible and, once employed in a controlled environment, it can create business advantages by reducing the size and capacity of the internal batteries, enabling one to reduce the operation cost and mitigate long-term ecological problems associated with the use and disposal of batteries.

Nine steps towards a better water meter management

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1273-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Arregui ◽  
J. Soriano ◽  
E. Cabrera ◽  
R. Cobacho
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Critical Aspects ◽  
Water Meter

The paper provides a comprehensive perspective of the critical aspects to be taken into account when planning the long-term management of water meters in a utility. In order to facilitate their quick understanding and practical implementation, they have been structured into nine steps. Ranging from an initial audit up to the final periodic meter replacement planning, these steps cover three aspects of the problem – field work, laboratory work and management tasks; and each one is developed in detail paying attention to the particular data needed and noting the practical outcome it will yield.

scholarly journals Smart water meter for automatic meter reading

2022 ◽  
Vol 1212 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
A Amir ◽  
R Fauzi ◽  
Y Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Water Metering ◽  
Water Meter

Abstract Clean water is one of the main sectors in smart city that need well management. One of the clean water management is utilization of water meters. The smart meter is more suitable applied for smart city. Recent Smart Water Meter allows water authorities to obtain water consumption data remotely. It also provides ability to collect and record the data in real time that can be utilised for multipurpose. However, in Indonesia, the water meters are used only to measure the total volume of clean water consumption for billing purpose only using mechanical water meter and requires labour intensive manual. Currently, many researches on smart meter design have been developed. However, the smart meter only measure and record the water consumption, without ability in which customer can determine the amount of water as needed. This paper describes design and development of smart water metering with Internet of Things. Flow meter is used as a sensor of water flowing through the pipe. The ability of the proposed smart meter is not only to measure and to record the volume water consumed, but also the customer can determine the water desired and required. The volume of water measured by the smart meter is compared with the manual measurement. The result shows that the water measured manually differs slightly from smart meter measurement using water flow sensor. The maximum difference, error, is 0.03 litres. The proposed smart meter has ability to close the main valve once the determined amount of water is reached.

Quantifying the Mismatch in Smart Water Meter Readings in Muscat Water Distribution Network (DIAM) – Case of Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-260
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Matriano
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Water Meter

Quantifying the Mismatch in Smart Water Meter Readings in Muscat Water Distribution Network (DIAM) – Case of Oman   Ibrahim Nasser Khalifa Al-Mamari* *MBA, Middle East College Email: [email protected] Dr. Maria Teresa Matriano  Faculty/Assistant Professor, Department of Post-Graduate Studies, Middle East College, Oman Email: [email protected]   Abstract Purpose:- The study is intended to focus on quantifying the mismatch between the consumption data collected on the project site to the estimated reading generated by the system. The mismatch quantification process involves formulating a theoretical mathematical modelling using Bernoulli’s equation that will help in reducing the conflicts in mismatch of data between the actual and estimated water consumption readings.    Design / methodology / approach:- The study revolves around basic survey of different journals and articles which relates closely to the topic.There’s application of qualitative method in which the results depend on the opinion of the focus group participants. Findings:- Based on survey results and flow calculations,  the flow was compared with the actual discharge measured from the smart meters; mismatch was ensured in the actual discharge at transmission and the discharge at the distribution line at each consumer location.  The opinion of the focus group suggests to upgrade the existing system in Diam. Research limitation / Implications:- A recognizable mismatch was made that influences Diam to create estimated charging. A viable computerized water spillage checking system was consolidated to recognize and annihilate the mismatch.The are recommendations to minimize the estimation system in billing at the water supplier end; and the inclusion of a new technology to quantify the mismatch in the existing system. A SCADA based system to localize the flaw point; and the inclusion of big data analysis in the bill generation software should be implemented. Originality / value:-  There are no previous studies on mismatch quantification process in Oman, and this study would propose a system that would be helpful in finding the causes of mismatch and eradicating them. Keywords:     Diam, Distribution Network, Smart Meters, Estimated Reading, Water Consumption                    Mismatch, Numerical Modeling

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Self-Powered Smart Water Meter

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Jun Li ◽  
Peter Han Joo Chong
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Adaptive Signal Processing ◽  
Mobile Phone Application ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Water Meter

Smart cities require interactive management of water supply networks and water meters play an important role in such a task. As compared to fully mechanical water meters, electromechanical water meters or fully electronic water meters can collect real-time information through automatic meter reading (AMR), which makes them more suitable for smart cities applications. In this paper, we first study the design principles of existing water meters, and then present our design and implementation of a self-powered smart water meter. The proposed water meter is based on a water turbine generator, which serves for two purposes: (i) to sense the water flow through adaptive signal processing performed on the generated voltage; and (ii) to produce electricity to charge batteries for the smart meter to function properly. In particular, we present the design considerations and implementation details. The wireless transceiver is integrated in the proposed water meter so that it can provide real-time water flow information. In addition, a mobile phone application is designed to provide a user with a convenient tool for water usage monitoring.

scholarly journals Modeling of Smart Water Control Mechanism using IoT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Functional Modules ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Monitoring Application

The unexpected water demand has become a serious concern in the last few years. The increasing demand for water supply has posed a significant challenge for many countries around the world. Various factors, such as population growth, urbanization, and climate changes, have further exhausted water resources. Therefore, water conservation and natural resource management have become crucial factors for human survival. The proposed study presents the modeling of smart water control system based on IoT technology. The implementation of the proposed water control model is carried out using an analytical approach with cost-effective, functional modules using sensors and wireless communication system. The proposed smart water control mechanism is mainly designed for water distribution and monitoring application.

Dezincification of Brass Water Meters in a Long-term Study: Effects of Anions, Alkalinity, and Residual Chlorine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ju Chao ◽  
Ming-Han Tsai ◽  
Rui-Pei Yu ◽  
Lap-Cuong Hua ◽  
Chi-Chang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Mixed Water

The dezincification of brass water meters in a water distribution system is affected by tap water characteristics. However, the effect of mixed water quality on corrosion and scaling formation on...

Assessment of Performance of Tesla Turbine in Water Distribution Systems for Energy Harvesting

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Hadi ◽  
Haoping Yang ◽  
Matthew J. Traum
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Smart Water

Abstract This article composes a systematic design methodology to obtain optimal parameters of the Tesla turbine, which is applicable in water distribution systems, faced with the need to supply power for wireless sensors and other components used in smart water networks and the challenges associated with the feasibility of Tesla turbine in a small scale. The optimal geometric model is sought by using a theoretical model relating turbine physical properties and flow conditions to power output by solving Navier–Stokes equations for steady laminar incompressible flow between adjacent disks. The model shows that the proposed design with dimensions and flow conditions relevant to water pipe networks can achieve a power output of 1.55 mW using a 2.5-cm diameter turbine given a pressure difference of 140 Pa. At 70 Pa using a 1-cm diameter turbine, a power output of 0.17 mW can be obtained. This study shows a great potential in application of Tesla turbine for energy harvesting in water distribution systems.

scholarly journals A design and implementation of low-power ultrasonic water meter

Smart Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Sik Hong ◽  
Chul-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Power Modeling ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Power Ultrasonic ◽  
Advanced Metering ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology ◽  
Water Meter

AbstractSmart water meter, which incorporates IoT (Internet of Things) technology, is receiving high attention due to recent development of information and communication technology. If traditional mechanical water meters are replaced by electronic ultrasonic water meters, micro flow rate can be measured and the measurement uncertainty can be improved due to the age of use. This enables smart metering such as AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) or AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) as well as various water related services. In this paper, a low power ultrasonic water meter will be designed to operate with a battery for a long period of time. A water meter shall be designed to operate for at least 9 years, which is the requirement for type approval. In this paper, a low-power modeling is performed for battery-operated ultrasonic water meter to work for at least 10 years. The proposed low power embedded system model will be verified with actual test circuits.

scholarly journals Spectrum Based Power Management for Congested IoT Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2681
Author(s):  
Kedir Mamo Besher ◽  
Juan Ivan Nieto-Hipolito ◽  
Raymundo Buenrostro-Mariscal ◽  
Mohammed Zamshed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Channel Allocation ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Packet Routing ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up

With constantly increasing demand in connected society Internet of Things (IoT) network is frequently becoming congested. IoT sensor devices lose more power while transmitting data through congested IoT networks. Currently, in most scenarios, the distributed IoT devices in use have no effective spectrum based power management, and have no guarantee of a long term battery life while transmitting data through congested IoT networks. This puts user information at risk, which could lead to loss of important information in communication. In this paper, we studied the extra power consumed due to retransmission of IoT data packet and bad communication channel management in a congested IoT network. We propose a spectrum based power management solution that scans channel conditions when needed and utilizes the lowest congested channel for IoT packet routing. It also effectively measured power consumed in idle, connected, paging and synchronization status of a standard IoT device in a congested IoT network. In our proposed solution, a Freescale Freedom Development Board (FREDEVPLA) is used for managing channel related parameters. While supervising the congestion level and coordinating channel allocation at the FREDEVPLA level, our system configures MAC and Physical layer of IoT devices such that it provides the outstanding power utilization based on the operating network in connected mode compared to the basic IoT standard. A model has been set up and tested using freescale launchpads. Test data show that battery life of IoT devices using proposed spectrum based power management increases by at least 30% more than non-spectrum based power management methods embedded within IoT devices itself. Finally, we compared our results with the basic IoT standard, IEEE802.15.4. Furthermore, the proposed system saves lot of memory for IoT devices, improves overall IoT network performance, and above all, decrease the risk of losing data packets in communication. The detail analysis in this paper also opens up multiple avenues for further research in future use of channel scanning by FREDEVPLA board.

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