root segment

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Root Segment

MICROPROPAGATION OF REHMANNIA GLUTINOSA AS MEDICINAL PLANT BY SHOOT TIP AND ROOT SEGMENT CULTURE

1995 ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.Y. Paek ◽  
K.J. Yu ◽  
S.I. Park ◽  
N.S. Sung ◽  
C.H. Park
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Root Segment ◽  
Rehmannia Glutinosa

scholarly journals Formation of Annual Ring Eccentricity in Coarse Roots within the Root Cage of Pinus ponderosa Growing on Slopes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Montagnoli ◽  
Bruno Lasserre ◽  
Gabriella Sferra ◽  
Donato Chiatante ◽  
Gabriella Stefania Scippa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Root System ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Root Segment ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Branching Point

The coarse roots of Pinus ponderosa included in the cage are the ones most involved in tree stability. This study explored the variations in traits, such as volume, cross-sectional area, and radius length of cage roots, and used those data to develop a mathematical model to better understand the type of forces occurring for each shallow lateral root segment belonging to different quadrants of the three-dimensional (3D) root system architecture. The pattern and intensity of these forces were modelled along the root segment from the branching point to the cage edge. Data of root cage volume in the upper 30 cm of soil showed a higher value in the downslope and windward quadrant while, at a deeper soil depth (>30 cm), we found higher values in both upslope and leeward quadrants. The analysis of radius length and the cross-sectional area of the shallow lateral roots revealed the presence of a considerable degree of eccentricity of the annual rings at the branching point and at the cage edge. This eccentricity is due to the formation of compression wood, and the eccentricity changes from the top portion at the branching point to the bottom portion at the cage edge, which we hypothesize may be a response to the variation in mechanical forces occurring in the various zones of the cage. This hypothesis is supported by a mathematical model that shows how the pattern and intensity of different types of mechanical forces are present within the various quadrants of the same root system from the taproot to the cage edge.

Differences among Populas species in ability to form adventitious shoots and roots

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Schier ◽  
Robert B. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Root Segment ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Rooting Capacity

Differences in suckering from root segments and in rooting from sucker cuttings were studied among four species of Populus, including three poplars, P. angustifolia James, P. deltoides Bartr., and P. balsamifera L., and an aspen, P. tremuloides Michx. Places where suckers originated on root segments were more variable in the poplars than in the aspen. Whereas suckers developed in the aspen only from the periderm, suckers developed in the poplars from the periderm and from cambium exposed at the cut ends of segments and lateral roots. Poplar suckers arising from the periderm originated from preexisting suppressed buds embedded in the periderm. Suckers developed in the aspen from preexisting primordia. Lateral root formation from preexisting and newly initiated meristems on root segments was common in the poplars but rare in the aspen. The presence of lateral roots increased sucker growth, and the development of suckers and lateral roots responded to the inherent polarity of the root segment. Sucker cuttings from the poplars were generally superior in rooting capacity to those from the aspen.

Implications of rhizosphere competence of Trichoderma harzianum

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaleed S. Ahmad ◽  
Ralph Baker
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Root Segment ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Additional Water

Seed treatment with conidia of rhizosphere-competent mutants of Trichoderma harzianum reduced the incidence of preemergence damping-off of barley, cucumber, pea, radish, and tomato induced by Pythium ultimum. Wild-type parents of these mutants were less effective in control. When rhizosphere-competent mutants were applied to seed or when a peat-bran preparation was added to soil, the resulting plants produced significantly higher fruit weight and higher dry weights than those treated with rhizosphere-incompetent wild types and controls. Seed treatment with mutants increased the incidence of emergence and resultant plant growth was significantly (P = 0.05) better than when mutant strains were added to soil in peat–bran. There was, however, no significant (P = 0.05) difference between the two types of application of the wild types. When cucumber seeds, treated with a T. harzianum rhizosphere-competent mutant (T-95) or its parent wild type (WT), were sown in raw soil kept under constant matric potential with no additional water added, the roots grew 8 cm in 8 days. Untreated seeds produced roots 7 cm long. Fewer colony-forming units of P. ultimum per milligram were isolated from rhizosphere soil of the T-95 treated seedlings than in the untreated controls and those treated with WT. Pythium ultimum was not detected in the 8th cm (farthest from seed) root segment of T-95 treated seeds, whereas the last centimetre of root segment from untreated and WT-treated seeds yielded 3000 colony-forming units/g rhizosphere soil. Seed treatment with rhizosphere-competent mutants of T. harzianum is an effective delivery system to achieve biocontrol and increase growth response.

Electrophysiological evaluation of conduction in the most proximal motor root segment

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Inaba ◽  
Takanori Yokota ◽  
Asuka Otagiri ◽  
Tomoko Nishimura ◽  
Yukinobu Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Segment ◽  
Motor Root

FEEDING THROUGH ROOT SURFACES OF RUTABAGA BY HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1061-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Swailes
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Segment ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Small Surface Area ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Root Surfaces

AbstractResistance to the initiation of feeding by newly hatched larvae of Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) confined on surfaces of rutabaga roots was examined. Differences between varieties could be distinguished by using 10 larvae on a root segment. There were no differences between roots within a variety or between portions of one root. The evidence of resistance in Wilhelmsburger was confirmed. This technique of rearing on a small surface area of the root may be valuable in evaluating lines in the laboratory without destroying their propagation value.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bacteriological Profile in the Apical Root Segment of the Patients with Primary Apical Periodontitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Gowtham ◽  
Sudarshan Pujari ◽  
Krishna P Biswas ◽  
Aravind Tatikonda ◽  
N Sudheep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Root Segment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Apical Portion ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Bacteriological Profile

ABSTRACT Introduction Apical periodontitis usually results from bacterial accumulation and contamination occurring in the root-canal system, and extending beyond the apical foramen to involve the periapical tissues. Literature has a paucity of the studies that stress on the division and analysis of the pulp canal segments. The reason for this disparity might be the technique used for collecting the samples from the pulp canals. Hence, we carried out the present study to evaluate the microbial flora in the apical part of the roots with necrotic pulp canals. Materials and methods The present study included the assessment of 40 freshly extracted teeth that had necrotized pulpal tissue along with the presence of periapical periodontal lesions. Removal of the soft tissue lesions attached to the root portion of the teeth along with apical periodontal lesions was done with the help of scalpel blade, after rinsing them with a sterile solution of saline. Thorough cleaning of the root surfaces was done with hydrogen peroxide followed by rapid disinfection with the help of sodium hypochlorite at varying concentrations. Sectioning of the root portion of all the specimens with the help of a disk was done perpendicular to the long axis of the teeth at a distance of roughly 5 to 6 mm from the teeth's apicalmost point. Cryotubes were used for transferring the specimens of apical portions containing 1 mL of buffer and were subjected to immediate frozen processing at a temperature of –20°C. A 10 K-type file was used for the initial collection of the samples followed by subsequent incubation of the files and paper pints in the incubation cabinet. Subsequent deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from the samples was done following the procedure described by Siqueira et al. Paster et al's modification of the reverse-capture checkerboard assay was used in the present study. Semiquantitative data were used for overcoming the difficulties arising due to obtaining the counts of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis of specimens. Results A positive result for the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene primer was observed only in two examined specimens of all the samples of the apical portion of the root canals in the present study. Negative result was shown by all the control group specimens, which were sterile samples. Presence of bacteria was confirmed by PCR in 38 out of 40 examined specimens. Amount of bacterial taxa, out of these 24 samples, ranged up to 6. Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Dialister oral species, Bacteroidetes species, Streptococcus species, Olsenella uli, Synergistes species, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Treponema denticola, and Filifactor alocis were the specific species detected. Bacteroidetes species was the only species that were detected at levels at or above 105. Heavy bacterial infections were noticed in more than 45% of the cases at the periradicular part of the root canals. Conclusion Microbial flora of the apical segment of the root with necrotized pulp tissue comprises a vast variety of pathogenic bacteria. Clinical significance For better prognosis of the treatment of such cases, adequate knowledge of the microbial flora of the root, especially the apical portion is necessary. How to cite this article Tatikonda A, Sudheep N, Biswas KP, Gowtham K, Pujari S, Singh P. Evaluation of Bacteriological Profile in the Apical Root Segment of the Patients with Primary Apical Periodontitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(1):44-48.

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation of Primula sieboldii E. Morr. through Root Segment Culture

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Furuya ◽  
Takashi Hosoki
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Root Segment ◽  
Primula Sieboldii

Comparison of four routinely used methods for assessing root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1073-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Guang Sun ◽  
Ming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Root Segment ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Caragana Korshinskii ◽  
Root Sample ◽  
High Level

Quantifying the proportion of roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is routine work for researchers conducting AMF studies. However, in practice, the methods are always misused, with their adaptability to different conditions neglected. In this study, four frequently used methods (root segment ±, root segment estimation, grid-line intersect, and magnified intersections) were evaluated and compared. Using the light microscopy based staining technique, we assessed AMF colonization of the roots of five plant species (Trifolium repens Linn., Zea mays Linn., Robinia pseudoacacia Linn., Populus simonii Carr., and Caragana korshinskii Kom.). The results revealed that a root length of at least 150 cm (rather than the usual 30 or 50 cm or 100 to 150 intersections generally used when following these four methods) should be examined to represent a single root sample whatever the method used. All four methods had good reproducibility, even though there was a high level of divergence among the results obtained using the different methods to assess the same root sample. We concluded that when assessing the AMF colonization of roots from the same species, all methods except the root segment ± method can be used; however, when assessing root samples from different species, the root segment estimation and magnified intersections methods give more reliable results. We suggest that the root segment ± method is an effective method for revealing the uniformity of AMF distributed in host roots of a certain length.

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