Preparation of cell envelopes of large numbers of individual bacterial strains with the use of an automatic cell disruptor

1987 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Van Alphen ◽  
C. Romijn ◽  
H. Brandt ◽  
L. Geelen ◽  
H.C. Zanen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cell Envelopes ◽  
Cell Disruptor

scholarly journals Antibacterial Potency of Honey

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najla A. Albaridi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Treatment Of Infection ◽  
New Strategies

Despite the developments in controlling infectious disease around the world, they are still the second biggest cause of morbidity and mortality due in part to the increase in drug resistance among large numbers of the bacterial strains. This means that new strategies are needed to prevent and treat infectious disease. As a result, several ancient methods have been re-evaluated and the substances/procedures employed historically to cure diseases are now attracting renewed scientific attention. Honey is one such product that used to be widely used to combat bacteria. This review covers the antibacterial activity of honey, its use in the treatment of infection and diseases, and the features that are relevant to its activity.

scholarly journals High Culturable Bacterial Diversity From a European Desert: The Tabernas Desert

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Molina-Menor ◽  
Helena Gimeno-Valero ◽  
Javier Pascual ◽  
Juli Peretó ◽  
Manuel Porcar
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Comprehensive Strategy ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Environmental Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Biodiversity

One of the most diverse ecological niches for microbial bioprospecting is soil, including that of drylands. Drylands are one of the most abundant biomes on Earth, but extreme cases, such as deserts, are considered very rare in Europe. The so-called Tabernas Desert is one of the few examples of a desert area in continental Europe, and although some microbial studies have been performed on this region, a comprehensive strategy to maximize the isolation of environmental bacteria has not been conducted to date. We report here a culturomics approach to study the bacterial diversity of this dryland by using a simple strategy consisting of combining different media, using serial dilutions of the nutrients, and using extended incubation times. With this strategy, we were able to set a large (254 strains) collection of bacteria, the majority of which (93%) were identified through 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplification and sequencing. A significant fraction of the collection consisted of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, as well as Firmicutes strains. Among the 254 isolates, 37 different genera were represented, and a high number of possible new taxa were identified (31%), of which, three new Kineococcus species. Moreover, 5 out of the 13 genera represented by one isolate were also possible new species. Specifically, the sequences of 80 isolates held a percentage of identity below the 98.7% threshold considered for potentially new species. These strains belonged to 20 genera. Our results reveal a clear link between medium dilution and isolation of new species, highlight the unexploited bacterial biodiversity of the Tabernas Desert, and evidence the potential of simple strategies to yield surprisingly large numbers of diverse, previously unreported, bacterial strains and species.

SYNTHESIS OF 4-(3H)-QUINAZOLINONES FOR POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (08) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Ekta Thakor ◽  
Tabassum A. Khan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Potential Antimicrobial Activity

Quinazolinones are of considerable research interest since their discovery and are found in large numbers as naturally occurring alkaloids. They are reported to exhibit a wide range of useful biological activities like antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antihistamine and anti-inflammatory. There are several new reports on quinazolinone analogues showing a diverse spectrum of biological activities. A new series of 2-styryl 4(3H)- quinazolinone analogues were synthesized using anthranilamide, acetyl chloride and substituted aromatic benzaldehyde. The synthesized analogues (IVa-IVj) were purified by chromatography and characterized by spectroscopy. They were screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis using moxifloxacin as the reference standard and for antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger using ketoconazole as the reference standard. The results indicated that IVa and IVj were active against E. coli, IVd against B. subtilis, IVb against S. aureus and IVa, IVb and IVe against C. albicans. The synthesized analogues did not exhibit activity against A. niger. The 2-styryl 4(3H)- quinazolinone series was found to show good activity against the selected bacterial strains and can serve as good templates for design and synthesis of more potent antibacterial and antifungal entities.

scholarly journals Evidence for shared ancestry between Actinobacteria and Firmicutes bacteriophages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Koert ◽  
Júlia López-Pérez ◽  
Courtney Mattson ◽  
Steven Caruso ◽  
Ivan Erill
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Shared Ancestry ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Public Repositories ◽  
Genomic Gc Content

AbstractBacteriophages typically infect a small set of related bacterial strains. The transfer of bacteriophages between more distant clades of bacteria has often been postulated, but remains mostly unaddressed. In this work we leverage the sequencing of a novel cluster of phages infecting Streptomyces bacteria and the availability of large numbers of complete phage genomes in public repositories to address this question. Using phylogenetic and comparative genomics methods, we show that several clusters of Actinobacteria-infecting phages are more closely related between them, and with a small group of Firmicutes phages, than with any other actinobacteriophage lineage. These data indicate that this heterogeneous group of phages shares a common ancestor with well-defined genome structure. Analysis of genomic %GC content and codon usage bias shows that these actinobacteriophages are poorly adapted to their Actinobacteria hosts, suggesting that this phage lineage could have originated in an ancestor of the Firmicutes, adapted to the high %GC content members of this phylum, and later migrated to the Actinobacteria, or that selective pressure for enhanced translational throughput is significantly lower for phages infecting Actinobacteria hosts.

Discovery of 20 Novel Bio-Flocculants Producers and 19 New Bacterial Strains from Three Surface Water In Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olatunji Matthew Kolawole
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
General Estimate ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Global Evidence

Plummeting the burden that is increasingly posed by water related diseases is amongst the major public health goals for a developing country. The required growth and development experienced in developing countries will always weigh on this important component of earth from either industrial waste, sewage or domestic waste. A general estimate from WHO global evidence synthesis on water related complications and diseases posits that about 94% could be preventable through environmental modification and application of simple techniques to treat water1,2. Amongst other explored purification protocols, flocculation and chlorination as a chemical process has been linked to few health conditions after long time of exposure3. This has been largely adduced to the synthetic source and thus the need to explore flocculants of biological origin that can effectively purify water and presents little or no health risk. Surface water, which is often categorized asharborof large numbers of microorganisms amongst other characteristics was, explored for the presence of bacteria flocculants producers from three surface water in Ilorin, Kwara State in Nigeria.

Cytoplasmic Granules in Lymphocytes from Rats Dosed with SK&F 14336-D

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
T. G. Merrill ◽  
B. J. Payne ◽  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Storage Diseases ◽  
Tay Sachs Disease ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Neurovisceral Lipidosis

Rats given SK&F 14336-D (9-[3-Dimethylamino propyl]-2-chloroacridane), a tranquilizing drug, developed an increased number of vacuolated lymphocytes as observed by light microscopy. Vacuoles in peripheral blood of rats and humans apparently are rare and are not usually reported in differential counts. Transforming agents such as phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen induce similar vacuoles in in vitro cultures of lymphocytes. These vacuoles have also been reported in some of the lipid-storage diseases of humans such as amaurotic familial idiocy, familial neurovisceral lipidosis, lipomucopolysaccharidosis and sphingomyelinosis. Electron microscopic studies of Tay-Sachs' disease and of chloroquine treated swine have demonstrated large numbers of “membranous cytoplasmic granules” in the cytoplasm of neurons, in addition to lymphocytes. The present study was undertaken with the purpose of characterizing the membranous inclusions and developing an experimental animal model which may be used for the study of lipid storage diseases.

Prolonged Fixation Studies For Spaceflight

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
Robert Corbett ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
Sam Black
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Large Numbers

Observation of subtle or early signs of change in spaceflight induced alterations on living systems require precise methods of sampling. In-flight analysis would be preferable but constraints of time, equipment, personnel and cost dictate the necessity for prolonged storage before retrieval. Because of this, various tissues have been stored in fixatives and combinations of fixatives and observed at various time intervals. High pressure and the effect of buffer alone have also been tried.Of the various tissues embedded, muscle, cartilage and liver, liver has been the most extensively studied because it contains large numbers of organelles common to all tissues (Fig. 1).

Analysis of the Anterior Secretory Cells of Onchidohs Muricata (Nudibranchia)

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 614-615
Author(s):  
Roy Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Sole Of The Foot

The long-necked secretory cells in Onchidoris muricata are distributed in the anterior sole of the foot. These cells are interspersed among ciliated columnar and conical cells as well as short-necked secretory gland cells. The long-necked cells contribute a significant amount of mucoid materials to the slime on which the nudibranch travels. The body of these cells is found in the subepidermal tissues. A long process extends across the basal lamina and in between cells of the epidermis to the surface of the foot. The secretory granules travel along the process and their contents are expelled by exocytosis at the foot surface.The contents of the cell body include the nucleus, some endoplasmic reticulum, and an extensive Golgi body with large numbers of secretory vesicles (Fig. 1). The secretory vesicles are membrane bound and contain a fibrillar matrix. At high magnification the similarity of the contents in the Golgi saccules and the secretory vesicles becomes apparent (Fig. 2).

Selective Sampling and Orientation of Non-Homogeneous Tissues

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
C. C. Clawson ◽  
L. W. Anderson ◽  
R. A. Good
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
New Method ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Selective Sampling ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Specific Orientation

Investigations which require electron microscope examination of a few specific areas of non-homogeneous tissues make random sampling of small blocks an inefficient and unrewarding procedure. Therefore, several investigators have devised methods which allow obtaining sample blocks for electron microscopy from region of tissue previously identified by light microscopy of present here techniques which make possible: 1) sampling tissue for electron microscopy from selected areas previously identified by light microscopy of relatively large pieces of tissue; 2) dehydration and embedding large numbers of individually identified blocks while keeping each one separate; 3) a new method of maintaining specific orientation of blocks during embedding; 4) special light microscopic staining or fluorescent procedures and electron microscopy on immediately adjacent small areas of tissue.

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