Discovery of 20 Novel Bio-Flocculants Producers and 19 New Bacterial Strains from Three Surface Water In Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olatunji Matthew Kolawole
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
General Estimate ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Global Evidence

Plummeting the burden that is increasingly posed by water related diseases is amongst the major public health goals for a developing country. The required growth and development experienced in developing countries will always weigh on this important component of earth from either industrial waste, sewage or domestic waste. A general estimate from WHO global evidence synthesis on water related complications and diseases posits that about 94% could be preventable through environmental modification and application of simple techniques to treat water1,2. Amongst other explored purification protocols, flocculation and chlorination as a chemical process has been linked to few health conditions after long time of exposure3. This has been largely adduced to the synthetic source and thus the need to explore flocculants of biological origin that can effectively purify water and presents little or no health risk. Surface water, which is often categorized asharborof large numbers of microorganisms amongst other characteristics was, explored for the presence of bacteria flocculants producers from three surface water in Ilorin, Kwara State in Nigeria.

SYNCHRONIZATION IN RANDOMLY DRIVEN SYSTEMS

1995 ◽  
Vol 09 (16) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. JAYANNAVAR
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Law Of Large Numbers ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Law

We have solved analytically a simple model of evolution of particles driven by identical noise. We show that the trajectories of all particles collapse into a single trajectory at long time. This synchronization also leads to violation of the law of large numbers.

scholarly journals Administrative Background and the Process of Migrant Integration in Hungary

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-446
Author(s):  
István Temesi
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
The Eu

Some EU member states have been migrant destinations for a long time, while others have lost a considerable part of their population since their accession to the EU. Hungary belongs to the latter. Large numbers of immigrants have not been arriving here since the end of the war in former Yugoslavia. However, in 2015 Hungary was suddenly strongly affected by mass migration, mainly because of the country’s geographical location. Mass migration has strongly influenced politics as the decision-maker and public administration as the executor of political decisions. Both the decisions and the policy-makers have been strongly criticised for taking a different approach to the situation compared with many other European countries. The Hungarian government’s priority was to reduce or stop mass migration and it used political, legal, and physical instruments selected for this purpose. This study does not aim to judge whether they are right or wrong. Hungarian public administration has had to adapt to the situation and it has done so by way of implementing new and modified legal rules. However, due to the political decisions described above, it has developed and changed at the same time.

and stored, such that they can be defrosted and grown on again later. This is cloning and storage of human cells in exactly the same way that cloning and storage of human embryos is. In many ways they are separated by a distinction without a difference and I would not like to be the person that had to tell a seriously, or even terminally, ill individual that it is not possible to treat them because the only way is to produce immunologically sound material which they will not reject by cloning – and that this is not allowed. It was decided on 15 November 2001 that cloning of embryos for therapeutic research should no longer be licensed, but cloning one for birth apparently is and there are medical practitioners who seem to think that this is a good and practical idea. It is suspected that the incredibly high failure rate of cloned foetuses will mitigate against pursuing human clones. To put numbers on this, of 277 attempts only one sheep, Dolly, was born and further successful examples of animal cloning have been just as hard won. However, failure in this context is not a simple, clear, non-viable embryo; it includes gross malformations and developmental problems. These would not be an acceptable outcome in human cloning. This problem of not thinking about questions on a ‘what if?’ basis before the practical necessity arises is exactly the same situation that seems to have occurred with DNA profiling and genetic testing for disease genes. We have simply not been ready as a society to address questions that are going to have profound effects for future generations. This, sadly, is a general failing. Statements such as ‘think of the children’, have very little power to motivate; what does motivate seems to be political will and commerce. It is true, as discussed earlier, that large numbers are not easily conceived of. What is also true is that long periods of time are not easily comprehended either. So, to take an example from a different science, but one which is very real now and can therefore give us pointers to the future of our ethical problems in genetics, let us consider the question of nuclear waste. We can visualise this not just as a physical problem but an ethical one which is dependent upon society and the good will of society as well. The long term control of nuclear waste is a problem. No matter how it is stored or dealt with it needs to be looked after for a very long time. Given the half-life of some of this material – that is the length of time it takes to reduce its radioactivity by half – the storage times are prodigiously long. It is not unrealistic to say that storage should be in excess of 10,000 years, but no civilisation has been around that long and it would require a great leap of faith to suggest that the current nuclear powers would remain intact, politically stable and financially able to look after such a potential problem for so long. It is to be hoped that humanity is going to out-last nuclear waste, but the questions regarding political stability remain. We simply do not know what sort of a government we will have 1,000 years hence; we do not know what sort of data they will hold about our genes, so now is the time to question their perceived right to hold such information. Now is the time to challenge the perceived right of testers to take samples to find out whatever they like about an individual and possibly pass it on.

2013 ◽  
pp. 112-112
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Animal Cloning ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Therapeutic Research ◽  
And Storage

Hypothalamitis: A Novel Autoimmune Endocrine Disease. A Literature Review and Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uğur Türe ◽  
Annamaria De Bellis ◽  
Mehmet Volkan Harput ◽  
Giuseppe Bellastella ◽  
Melih Topcuoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Empty Sella ◽  
Central Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltrate ◽  
Endocrine Disease ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Context The relationship between the endocrine system and autoimmunity has been recognized for a long time and one of the best examples of autoimmune endocrine disease is autoimmune hypophysitis. A better understanding of autoimmune mechanisms and radiological, biochemical, and immunological developments has given rise to the definition of new autoimmune disorders including autoimmunity-related hypothalamic–pituitary disorders. However, whether hypothalamitis may occur as a distinct entity is still a matter of debate. Evidence Acquisition Here we describe a 35-year-old woman with growing suprasellar mass, partial empty sella, central diabetes insipidus, hypopituitarism, and hyperprolactinemia. Evidence Synthesis Histopathologic examination of surgically removed suprasellar mass revealed lymphocytic infiltrate suggestive of an autoimmune disease with hypothalamic involvement. The presence of antihypothalamus antibodies to arginine vasopressin (AVP)-secreting cells (AVPcAb) at high titers and the absence of antipituitary antibodies suggested the diagnosis of isolated hypothalamitis. Some similar conditions have sometimes been reported in the literature but the simultaneous double finding of lymphocytic infiltrate and the presence of AVPcAb so far has never been reported. Conclusions We think that the hypothalamitis can be considered a new isolated autoimmune disease affecting the hypothalamus while the lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis can be a consequence of hypothalamitis with subsequent autoimmune involvement of the pituitary. To our knowledge this is the first observation of autoimmune hypothalamic involvement with central diabetes insipidus, partial empty sella, antihypothalamic antibodies and hypopituitarism.

scholarly journals Single and Synergistic Effects of Solar Radiation, Water guard and Moringa oleifera Treatments on Bacterial Loads and Physicochemical Parameters of Surface Water in Umur and Bele Streams of Benue State

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
G.M. Gberikon ◽  
I.I. Adeoti ◽  
I.O. Ogbonna
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference

Bacteriological profiles of surface water samples treated with solar radiation, Moringa oleifera powder and water guard was carried out to ascertain their effectiveness in water treatment. Bacterial loads of the surface water collected from Umur and Bele streams in Gwer East Local Government area samples were determined before and after treatments and characterised using biochemical and molecular methods. Single and synergistic effects of these treatments on water quality were also examined. Bacteriological analysis showed that Umur stream had the highest bacterial loads of 4.47 x 103 cfu/mL while Bele had the lowest counts. There was significant reduction in the mean viable counts recorded for all the water samples (p ˂ 0.05). In the daily bacteria counts, the control water samples gave extremes values. There were no bacteria count recorded following combine treatment in water samples from Bele stream on the fifth day. Molecular analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed bacterial strains to be phylogenetically close to bacterial strains which are capable of causing infectious diseases to man. Normal pH values were recorded in Umur stream while low pH values were recorded in Bele streams. Treatment impacted significantly on the pH of the water samples from Umur stream (p ˂ 0.05) while no significant difference was observed with water samples from Bele stream (p > 0.05). Treatment impacted significantly on turbidity in water sample from Umur stream (p ˂ 0.05). Sulphate was found to be within the permissible limit except for water sample from Bele stream which gave mean values within the range of 51.00 to 68.00 mg/L. Treatments impacted no significant difference on sulphate (p > 0.05). Surface water in these rural areas should be thoroughly treated before use. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 244-251

Cannabis and its Users in Nepal

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time

SummaryCannabis is easily available in Nepal, large numbers of persons using it regularly. I have studied its effects on 226 persons who had been using it for a long time and in considerable amount. As a control group I used an equal number of men of matching age and education.Compared with the controls, the cannabis users had a poor work record, poor social and family relationships, a lack of interest in sex and a general loss of initiative and efficiency. However, there was no difference in crime rate between the groups.

scholarly journals PENANGANAN JENAZAH KORBAN BENCANA ALAM BADAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DAERAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Fajar rahmat Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time

It is the Regional Disaster Management Agency’s (BPBD) onus of South Sulawesi to assist the Governor in organizing regional government administration within the scope of regional disaster management. Among BPBD’s duties in South Sulawesi in handling corpses of natural disaster are: intact Muslim corpses are handled normally, in which the bodies were washed, shrouded, sanctified and buried by following the procedures that have been determined by the Shari'ah. Afterwards, decaying and unrecognizable Muslim corpses were directly shrouded, sanctified then buried. Whilst the large numbers corpses that mixed between Muslims and non-Muslims, were immediately buried and sanctified by religious leaders from each of the existing religious representatives. Hereinafter, the constraints faced by the BPBD of South Sulawesi in handling the corpses of natural disasters include: limited equipment, difficulty in reaching the location and the identification process which requires a long time. The Islamic law view regarding the handling of the natural disasters corpses is that basically, in normal conditions, the corpses must be washed, shrouded, sanctified and buried according to the procedures that have been determined by Islamic law. When a disaster occurs, the handling of the body is still carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Shari'ah but in an emergency situation.

scholarly journals Ranga bioindykacji w ekotoksykologii wód

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Bioindication Methods

Bioindication methods are applied in ecotoxicological studies which in turn are widely used in the biological monitoring of surface water. Bioindication has been applied for a long time and so far it has created multiple classificationsbased on diagnosis groups of organisms. Bioindicators play a signi]cant role in bioindication; they are species used to monitor the health of the environment or ecosystem. Some of them are standard test organisms used in ecotoxicologyin the so-called bioassays, which provide a great deal of information about the type and in^uence of pollution. These studies are vital nowadays, as compounds have been found to be the greatest threat to aquatic ecosystems. In relation to ecotoxicology, research allows us to determine bioconcentration, bioaccumulation and biomagni]cation factors, and to assess the ecological status of water used in many different indexes so as to determine such relevant parameters as saprobic, biological bio-diversity and biotic indexes. Poland is preparing for the extension of monitoring systems that take into account all the necessary elements of the environment, even the sediments. It is required by the Water Frame Directive.

scholarly journals A global lake and reservoir volume analysis using a surface water dataset and satellite altimetry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Busker ◽  
Ad de Roo ◽  
Emiliano Gelati ◽  
Christian Schwatke ◽  
Marko Adamovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Computationally Intensive

Abstract. Lakes and reservoirs are crucial elements of the hydrological and biochemical cycle and are a valuable resource for hydropower, domestic and industrial water use and irrigation. Although their monitoring is crucial in times of increased pressure on water resources by both climate change and human interventions, publically available datasets of lakes and reservoir levels and volumes are scarce. Within this study, a time series of variation in lake and reservoir volume between 1984 and 2015 were analysed for 135 lakes over all continents by combining the JRC Global Surface Water (GSW) dataset and the satellite altimetry database DAHITI. The GSW dataset is a highly accurate surface water dataset at 30 m resolution compromising the whole L1T Landsat 5, 7 and 8 archive, which allowed for detailed lake area calculations globally over a very long time period using Google Earth Engine. Therefore, the estimates in water volume fluctuations using the GSW dataset are expected to improve compared to current techniques as they are not constrained by complex and computationally intensive classification procedures. Lake areas and water levels were combined in a regression to derive the hypsometry relationship (dh/dA) for all lakes. Nearly all lakes showed a linear regression, and 42 % of the lakes showed a strong linear relationship with an R2 > 0.8 and an average R2 of 0.91. For these lakes and for lakes with a nearly constant lake area (coefficient of variation 

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