Biologically active components from mycobacterial cell walls

1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Meyer ◽  
Edgar Ribi ◽  
Ichiro Azuma
1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Ribi ◽  
Thomas J. Meyer ◽  
Ichiro Azuma ◽  
Reno Parker ◽  
Werner Brehmer

Author(s):  
I. A. Kyazimova ◽  
А. А. Kasumova ◽  
А. А. Nabiev

Production of plant products, including juices around the world increases continuously. In the fruit and vegetable juices contain a significant amount of monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), organic acids, vitamins, phenolic compounds, mineral substances and other biologically active components that determine the nutritional and dietary value. For the prevention of various diseases associated with impaired metabolic processes, we developed a new technology of preparation of food by blending juice of pumpkin, quince and persimmon. Thus prepared organic blended juice contains a substantial amount of free glucose and fructose, different phenolic compounds, a sufficient amount of organic acids, mineral elements, including iodine and other components that determine its nutritional and biological value. In prepared juices were evaluated the quantitative indicators of β-carotene, vitamin C, glucose and fructose, sucrose, starch, pectin substances. Also in the atomic absorbtion spectrometer Analyst 400 (PerkinElmer, USA) was analyzed content of the organic acids and phenolic compounds. Prepared juices were tested in accordance with 10 point scoring scale. It is established that all juices contain a sufficient amount of the minerals. In pumpkin and quince juices not contain iodine while it presents in sufficient amount in persimmon juice that’s why in the blended juice mineral in addition to mineral elements iodine are contained. In pumpkin and persimmon aliphatic acids are contained in small amount. For this reason during the blending process was used quince juice which is rich in aliphatic acids. The blended juice is light straw color, with delicious flavor, a slight astringent property and a balanced taste.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-506
Author(s):  
Mayck Silva Barbosa ◽  
Bruna da Silva Souza ◽  
Ana Clara Silva Sales ◽  
Jhoana D’arc Lopes de Sousa ◽  
Francisca Dayane Soares da Silva ◽  
...  

Latex, a milky fluid found in several plants, is widely used for many purposes, and its proteins have been investigated by researchers. Many studies have shown that latex produced by some plant species is a natural source of biologically active compounds, and many of the hydrolytic enzymes are related to health benefits. Research on the characterization and industrial and pharmaceutical utility of latex has progressed in recent years. Latex proteins are associated with plants’ defense mechanisms, against attacks by fungi. In this respect, there are several biotechnological applications of antifungal proteins. Some findings reveal that antifungal proteins inhibit fungi by interrupting the synthesis of fungal cell walls or rupturing the membrane. Moreover, both phytopathogenic and clinical fungal strains are susceptible to latex proteins. The present review describes some important features of proteins isolated from plant latex which presented in vitro antifungal activities: protein classification, function, molecular weight, isoelectric point, as well as the fungal species that are inhibited by them. We also discuss their mechanisms of action.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Dragana Arsenijevic ◽  
Bojana Stojanovic ◽  
Jelena Milovanovic ◽  
Aleksandar Arsenijevic ◽  
Milos Simic ◽  
...  

The main biologically active components of plants belonging to the genus Allium, responsible for their biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory, are organosulfur compounds. The aim of this study was to synthetize the mixture of dipropyl polysulfides (DPPS) and to test their biological activity in acute hepatitis. C57BL/6 mice were administered orally with DPPS 6 h before intravenous injection of Concanavalin A (ConA). Liver inflammation, necrosis and hepatocytes apoptosis were determined by histological analyses. Cytokines in liver tissue were determined by ELISA, expression of adhesive molecules and enzymes by RT PCR, while liver mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. DPPS pretreatment significantly attenuated liver inflammation and injury, as evidenced by biochemical and histopathological observations. In DPPS-pretreated mice, messenger RNA levels of adhesion molecules and NADPH oxidase complex were significantly reduced, while the expression of SOD enzymes was enhanced. DPPS pretreatment decreased protein level of inflammatory cytokines and increased percentage of T regulatory cells in the livers of ConA mice. DPPS showed hepatoprotective effects in ConA-induced hepatitis, characterized by attenuation of inflammation and affection of Th17/Treg balance in favor of T regulatory cells and implicating potential therapeutic usage of DPPS mixture in inflammatory liver diseases.


1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. R126-R133 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Johannsen ◽  
J. Wecke ◽  
F. Obal ◽  
J. M. Krueger

Muramyl peptides have a variety of biological effects in mammals, including enhancement of the immune response, sleep, and body temperature. Although mammals lack biosynthetic pathways for muramyl peptides, they are found in mammals and are well known as components of bacterial cell walls. This suggests that phagocytic mammalian cells digest bacterial cell walls and produce biologically active muramyl peptides. Staphylococcal cell walls were radioactively labeled during growth of the bacteria. During the digestion of these radiolabeled bacteria, murine bone marrow macrophages produced low-molecular-weight substances that coeluted chromatographically with the radioactive cell wall marker. Further separation of these substances using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography resulted in the isolation of substances with high specific biological activity. Intracerebroventricular injection of rabbits with these substances induced an increase in slow-wave sleep and body temperature and a suppression of rapid-eye-movement sleep. The characteristics of the biological responses and the chromatographic behavior of the active components are consistent with those of muramyl peptides. The ability of macrophages to tailor muramyl peptides from peptidoglycan may provide an amplification step for the immune response. Muramyl peptides released by macrophages may also act as mediators for various facets of the acute phase response elicited by bacterial infections such as fever and sleep.


1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2019-2027
Author(s):  
M. Laguerre ◽  
R. Turcotte

The tuberculin activity of protoplasmic extracts isolated from living BCG was purified successively by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and G-75, and by electrophoresis on 7.5% and on gradient (6–18%) polyacrylamide gels. The tuberculin-active fractions, as determined in BCG-sensitized guinea pigs, were used as the starting material for each of the following fractionation steps.The physicochemical properties and the antigenic activity of the biologically active fractions have shown that a single component, or only a few ones with similar properties, possessed high tuberculin activity. These active components were proteins having relatively high molecular weights (about 72 000) and could behave as antigens.


Author(s):  
Biswaranjan Ray ◽  
Santosh Kumar Mahapatra ◽  
Pradipta Kumar Behera ◽  
Ashok K Panigrahi

Objective: As per the ethnopharmacological information has Butea monosperma been used to treat diabetes mellitus by the tribal people of tropical and subtropical areas. However, there is no much more scientific report available about the antidiabetic property of the leaves of the plant. Hence, the study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of B. monosperma on blood levels of adrenaline-induced and glucose feed diabetic rabbits.Methods: The three different doses of the extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were administered orally to an experimental animal. The animals were induced diabetics by adrenaline and high glucose diet. Blood glucose level was measured accordingly. For antidiabetic activity, photocolorimeter was used to monitoring the blood glucose level with crest kit box (GOP-POD method).Results: The extracts showed considerable dose-dependent activity. However, the dose 400 mg/kg showed considerable lower of blood glucose level. p<0.01 indicates the significance result. 8 hrs reading 182.5±3.83 for 400 mg does is most effective for reducing blood sugar.Conclusion: The study indicates that the ethanolic extract of B. monosperma leaves possesses antidiabetic properties which suggest the presence of biologically active components.


Biomeditsina ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
V. N. Karkischenko ◽  
M. S. Dulya ◽  
R. A. Ageldinov ◽  
S. L. Lyublinskiy ◽  
N. N. Karkischenko

For the first time, a liposomal form of a new original drug based on the Siberian musk deer preputial gland extract was obtained and characterized. An effective and scalable method of high-pressure homogenization was used for preparative extraction of liposomes from musk extracts. For the obtained liposomal product, such indicators as the quality of size distribution, homogeneity and the degree of inclusion of biologically active components were characterized using the methods of dynamic light scattering, transmission microscopy, preparative and analytical chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry. A homogeneous dispersion of musk liposomes with a uniform size distribution was obtained, with the maximum distribution values being achieved at 50 and 240 nm. The ζ-potential of the obtained nanoparticles of –35...–47 mV confirmed a high physicochemical stability of the developed liposomal dispersion. According to the gel filtration chromatography and mass spectrometry results, the degree of inclusion of the target musk extract components in the liposomes was 55–75% in terms of steroid and total protein values. The obtained quality indicators indicate that the developed liposomal composition of musk deer extracts can be used as a high-effective natural adaptogen.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document