Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaridia galli: Biogenic amines in adults and developmental stages

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Mishra ◽  
Ramanuj Sen ◽  
S. Ghatak
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ascaridia Galli

Thiabendazole Tested against the Gastro-intestinal Nematodes of British Farm Animals (excluding sheep)

1963 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Leiper ◽  
J. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
Highly Active

Experiments involving cattle, horses, pigs and fowls are presented which are considered to give evidence that thiabendazole is highly active against the Strongyle parasites but not so active against the ascarid parasites of the digestive tract of these animals. The strongyles of cattle can be controlled with a dose of 75–100 mg./kg. and those of horses with as little as 25 mg./kg. In pigs 100 mg./kg. was very active against Oesophagostomum dentatum but this dose level was of poor efficiency against Ascaris lumbricoides. A high dose of 500 mg./kg. appeared to be necessary to control Ascaridia galli in the fowl.

Glycolysis and related phosphorus metabolism in parasitic nematodes

Parasitology ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 302-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Rogers ◽  
Marian Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Carbohydrate Fermentation ◽  
Phosphate Compounds

1. The r.q. of whole Neoaplectana glaseri rose from 0·56 to 1·10 when glucose was added to the medium. The Qo2 was only slightly affected. Respiration of other nematode parasites was largely unaffected by exogenous glucose. Pyruvate had little or no effect.2. Inorganic phosphate increased when Ascaris lumbricoides muscle brei was incubated. In the presence of fluoride, or when aqueous extracts were used, easily and difficultly hydrolysable phosphate was formed. Phosphatase activity was dominant even in aqueous extracts of A. lumbricoides intestinal tissues and fluoride inhibited Po formation only slightly. Ptot., and PresIdual fell markedly in whole A. lumbricoides which had been incubated anaerobically. Under aerobic conditions Po fell slightly, but the other components rose considerably. Phosphorylative activity of A. lumbricoides ovary was greater than in the muscle. Phosphorus compounds in perienteric fluid did not change during incubation.3. The breakdown of glycogen and the formation of glucose in aqueous extracts of Ascaridia galli was inhibited by fluoride and phloridzin. Polysaccharide was synthesized in fluoride-poisoned preparations when glucose 1-phosphate was added. Polysaccharide formation in Ascaris lumbricoides fluoridepoisoned muscle preparations was demonstrated without the addition of Cori ester.4. Fructose 1:6-diphosphate added to aqueous extracts of Ascaridia galli and Nematodirus spp. was rapidly metabolized at pH 6·5. At pH 7·2 the fructose content increased.5. In aqueous extracts of Nematodirus or Ascaridia brei which had been autolysed for short periods, 55–60% of the glycogen utilized appeared as glucose. Only small amounts of lactate were formed. Aqueous extracts of Nematodirus and Ascaridia brei which had been autolysed for long periods formed glucose in excess of the glycogen disappearing. When perienteric fluid, which contained amylase, was removed from A. galli before autolysis, the amount of glucose formed was very much reduced. It is suggested that the excess glucose was formed from dextrins which were not estimated as glycogen and which were hydrolysed by perienteric fluid amylase during incubation.Lactate decreased during the incubation of extracts prepared from brei which had been autolysed for long periods.6. Bicarbonate decreased during the anaerobic incubation of aqueous extracts of Nematodirus spp. and Ascaridia galli which were buffered with CO2-bicarbonate. The decrease in bicarbonate was in excess of the CO2 expelled from the medium by acid formation.7. The acid-soluble phosphorus compounds of the different tissues of Ascaris lumbricoides were examined. Compounds similar to a.t.p. were found in the intestine, ovary, muscle and possibly also in the perienteric fluid. The acid-unstable phosphorus compounds did not appear to be either creatine- or arginine-phosphate. Compounds similar to Embden ester were found in the ovary and muscle. The occurrence of the phosphate compounds found in the parasite is compared with figures given for other organisms.8. It is concluded that carbohydrate fermentation as far as lactate in nematode parasites was similar to that found in yeast and mammalian muscle. Energy was transferred by means of high-energy phosphate bonds.9. Phospholipids, which were found in considerable amounts in the tissues of A. lumbricoides, were estimated as lecithin, sphingomyelin and serine- and ethanolamine-containing phospholipids. The amounts of the phospholipids found in the parasite tissues are compared with figures given for other organisms.The authors are deeply indebted to Prof. D. Keilin and Dr T. Mann of the Molteno Institute, Cambridge, for their advice and critical reading of the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Dr E. F. Gale and Dr E. Friedemann for advice on analytical procedures.

The physiology of infective processes of nematode parasites; the stimulus from the animal host

1960 ◽  
Vol 152 (948) ◽  
pp. 367-386 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Sodium Dithionite ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis

The processes by which larvae of Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus , and eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides (pig strain), Ascaridia galli , and Toxocara mystax infect the host have been studied. A stimulus from the host, depending for its activity on the concentration of undissociated carbonic acid, and on the Eh and pH, was required to start development of the parasite. The stimulus caused larvae to produce ‘exsheathing fluid’ which completed the second moult, or it caused the production of a ‘hatching fluid’ so that the eggs hatched. In bicarbonate-carbon dioxide buffers containing reducing agents under mixtures of nitrogen and carbon dioxide the exsheathment of larvae of Trichostrongylus axei and Haemonchus contortus increased as the concentration of the undissociated carbonic acid was increased. A concentration of 0·5 × 10 -3 m caused 70 % of the larvae of Trichostrongylus axei to exsheath at pH 7·3 in 0·02m-sodium dithionite in 3 h at 37 °C. More than 1·5 × 10 -3 m was necessary to get similar results with Haemonchus contortus . These species differed from all the others because their exsheathment was not inhibited by high concentrations of undissociated carbonic acid. At pH 6·0 the relative activity of reducing agents was sodium dithionite > cysteine > ascorbic acid. At pH 7·3 the activity of cysteine and ascorbic acid relative to sodium dithionite was increased. Larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis exsheathed readily in hydrochloric acid between pH 1·5 and 2·5 when the concentration of undissociated carbonic acid was 5 × 10 -3 m. Cysteine did not increase the exsheathment. The eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides , Ascaridia galli and Toxocara mystax hatched in bicarbonate-carbon dioxide buffers containing reducing agents under nitrogen-carbon dioxide if the concentration of undissociated carbonic acid was about 0·25 × 10 -3 m at pH 7·3. For the hatching of eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides at pH 7·3 the activity of the reducing agents was sodium dithionite > cysteine > ascorbic acid. In all the species which were examined except Trichostrongylus colubriformis the undissociated carbonic acid was more effective at a higher pH. And, as a rule, reducing agents were relatively less effective at higher concentrations of undissociated carbonic acid. The addition of sodium chloride up to 0·1m and sodium taurocholate up to 0·05m usually increased activity. The stimulus for exsheathment was effective within 15 min for larvae of T. axei and 30 min for Haemonchus contortus . Though at these times only a few larvae had exsheathed, during subsequent incubation in water exsheathment often rose to 80 % in 3 h. Longer periods were necessary for the stimulus to act on eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and hatching seldom rose by more than 30 % after the stimulus was removed. The process whereby the host provides a stimulus for the resumption of development of the parasite is related to specificity and the site of infection. It is suggested that suspension of development in the infective stage and the dependence upon the host for restarting development may be an adaptation to parasitism.

Early developmental stages of Ascaris lumbricoides featured by high-resolution mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 4107-4114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Fernando Odir Rodrigues Melo ◽  
Cibele Zanardi Esteves ◽  
Rosimeire Nunes de Oliveira ◽  
Tatiane Melina Guerreiro ◽  
Diogo Noin de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Resolution Mass

The efficacy of flubendazole against different developmental stages of the poultry roundworm Ascaridia galli in laying hens

2016 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tarbiat ◽  
D.S. Jansson ◽  
L. Moreno ◽  
C. Lanusse ◽  
M. Nylund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Ascaridia Galli

scholarly journals UJI DAYA ANTIHELMINTIK EKSTRAK ETANOL 70 % BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) TERHADAP CACING Ascaridia galli In vitro

Biomedika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusmira G ◽  
Isti’anah S
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
One Way Anova

Prevalensi penyakit Askariasisdi Indonesia masih cukup tinggi, terutama pada anak-anak.Penyakit ini juga memiliki dampak merugikan, sehingga diperlukan usaha untuk mengatasi infeksi Ascaris lumbricoides. Penggunaan obat cacing di masyarakat masih belum optimal, sehingga perlu adanya alternatif pengobatan lain untuk penyakit ini. Bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) mengandung saponin dan flavonoid yang diduga memiliki efek antihelmintik. Mengetahui daya antihelmintik ekstrak etanol 70% bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli In vitro.Penelitian merupakan eksperimental laboratoris.Ekstrak etanol 70% bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) terdiri atas 4 konsentrasi 100%, 50%, 25% dan 12,5% dengan empat kali replikasi. Padasetiap kelompok perlakuan dimasukkan 10 ekor cacing yang diamati kematiannya setiap 1 jam sampai batas maksimal. Data dianalisis menggunakan One Way Anova, dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis probit dilakukan untuk mengetahui LC50, LC90, LT50 dan LT90. Rerata waktu kematian cacing pada konsentrasi 100%, 50%, 25% dan12,5% serta kelompok kontrol menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna p=0,000 (p<0,05) dengan LC50 sebesar 26,852% dan LC90 sebesar 65,85%. Pada konsentrasi 100% ekstrak etanol 70% bawang putih (Allium sativum) nilai LT50 adalah 3,207 jam dan nilai LT90 adalah 5,481 jam. Ekstrak etanol 70% bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) memiliki efek antihelmintik terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli in vitro.Kata Kunci : Antihelmintik, Bawang putih (Allium sativum), Ascaridia galli, in vitro

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTELMINTIK EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% DAUN SUKUN (Artocarpus altilis) TERHADAP Ascaridia galli SECARA In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Herson Cahaya Himawan ◽  
◽  
Sofyan Ramani ◽  
Andi Hamonangan
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis

Infeksi cacing usus yang utama disebabkan oleh cacing Ascaris lumbricoides, infeksi ini memiliki tingkat prevalensi cukup tinggi di Indonesia sehingga memerlukan pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antelmintik ekstrak etanol 96% daun sukun (Artocarpus altilis) terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli dengan berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu 5%, 10% dan 15%. Penelitian uji aktivitas antelmintik ini dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan, Konsentrasi 5%, 10% dan 15% dari ekstrak etanol 96% merupakan kelompok perlakuan.Kelompok perlakuan kontrol positif dengan Pirantel pamoat 0,25% dan NaCl 0.9% merupakan kelompok kontrol negatif. Masing-masing kelompok perlakuan dilakukan dengan metode perendaman pada cacing Ascaridia galli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antimiltik ekstrak etanol dengan konsentrasi 15 % dari daun sukun (Artocarpus altilis) lebih baik dari ekstrak daun sukun yang memiliki konsentrasi 5% dan 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi yang lebih besar dari ekstrak etanol daun sukun (Artocarpus altilis) akan menghasilkan aktivitas antelmintik yang lebih baik terhadap cacing Ascaridia galli, sktivitas yang lebih baik ini ditunjukkan dari data aktivitas pada konsentrasi i 5%, 10% dan 15%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document