Lipoprotein-elastin interactions in human aorta fibrous plaque lesions

Objective.The aim of the present study was an analysis of heteroplasmy level in mitochondrial mutations 652delG, A1555G, C3256T, T3336C, 652insG, C5178A, G12315A, G13513A, G14459A, G14846A, and G15059A in normal and affected by atherosclerosis segments of morphologically mapped aortic walls.Methods.We investigated the 265 normal and atherosclerotic tissue sections of 5 human aortas. Intima of every aorta was divided according to morphological characteristics into segments with different types of atherosclerotic lesions: fibrous plaque, lipofibrous plaque, primary atherosclerotic lesion (fatty streak and fatty infiltration), and normal intima from human aorta. PCR-fragments were analyzed by a new original method developed in our laboratory on the basis of pyrosequence technology.Results.According to the obtained data, mutations G12315A and G14459A are significantly associated with total and primary atherosclerotic lesions of intimal segments and lipofibrous plaques (P≤0.01andP≤0.05, accordingly). Mutation C5178A is significantly associated with fibrous plaques and total atherosclerotic lesions(P≤0.01). A1555G mutation shows an antiatherosclerotic effect in primary lesion in lipofibrous plaques(P≤0.05). Meanwhile, G14846A mutation is antiatherogenic for lipofibrous plaques(P≤0.05).Conclusion.Therefore, mutations C5178A, G14459A, G12315A, A1555G, and G14846A were found to be associated with atherosclerotic lesions.

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Regulation of the metabolism of lipoprotein-proteoglycan complexes in human monocyte-derived macrophages

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj3010675 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 301 (3) ◽

pp. 675-681 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P Vijayagopal

Keyword(s):

Cholesteryl Ester ◽

Conditioned Medium ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Human Monocyte ◽

Cholesterol Esterification ◽

Human Aorta ◽

Ester Synthesis ◽

Fibrous Plaque

Studies were performed to evaluate the effect of several factors on the metabolism of lipoprotein-proteoglycan complexes in human monocyte-derived macrophages. In vivo apoB-lipoprotein-proteoglycan complex was isolated from human aorta fibrous-plaque lesions and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-proteoglycan complex was formed in vitro. Degradation of LDL-proteoglycan complex and cholesteryl ester synthesis mediated by the in vivo and in vitro complexes were lowest in freshly isolated monocytes. With the maturation of monocytes into macrophages, there was a dramatic rise in both. The degradation of the complex and the resultant stimulation of cholesterol esterification increased significantly with increasing cell density. Preincubation of macrophages in medium containing lipoprotein cholesterol did not down-regulate the subsequent degradation of LDL-proteoglycan complex. Macrophage-conditioned medium had a profound stimulatory effect on the degradation of LDL-proteoglycan complex and cholesterol esterification by mature macrophages and freshly isolated monocytes. The conditioned medium lost its stimulatory activity after boiling, dialysis and trypsin digestion. Macrophage activation with phorbol ester and bacterial lipopolysaccharide resulted in a marked suppression of the binding and degradation of the complex, as well as the complex-mediated cholesteryl ester synthesis. These results demonstrate that several factors regulate the metabolism of lipoprotein-proteoglycan complexes in human monocyte-derived macrophages.

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P1619 Hyperplasia, degranulation and regranulation of mast cells from the intima of human aorta and pulmonary artery in acute myocardial infarction

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1016/s0195-668x(03)94757-9 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 299

Author(s):

V ZHDANOV

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Pulmonary Artery ◽

Human Aorta

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Energetics of the Human Aorta: The Effect of Age

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(97)84082-x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 86A

Author(s):

C Stefanadis

Keyword(s):

Human Aorta ◽

Effect Of Age

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Mimicking the Mechanical Properties of Aortic Tissue with Pattern-Embedded 3D Printing for a Realistic Phantom

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13215042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 5042

Author(s):

Jaeyoung Kwon ◽

Junhyeok Ock ◽

Namkug Kim

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

3D Printing ◽

Mechanical Characteristics ◽

Aortic Wall ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Human Aorta ◽

Aortic Tissue ◽

Medical Field ◽

Base Materials

3D printing technology has been extensively applied in the medical field, but the ability to replicate tissues that experience significant loads and undergo substantial deformation, such as the aorta, remains elusive. Therefore, this study proposed a method to imitate the mechanical characteristics of the aortic wall by 3D printing embedded patterns and combining two materials with different physical properties. First, we determined the mechanical properties of the selected base materials (Agilus and Dragonskin 30) and pattern materials (VeroCyan and TPU 95A) and performed tensile testing. Three patterns were designed and embedded in printed Agilus–VeroCyan and Dragonskin 30–TPU 95A specimens. Tensile tests were then performed on the printed specimens, and the stress-strain curves were evaluated. The samples with one of the two tested orthotropic patterns exceeded the tensile strength and strain properties of a human aorta. Specifically, a tensile strength of 2.15 ± 0.15 MPa and strain at breaking of 3.18 ± 0.05 mm/mm were measured in the study; the human aorta is considered to have tensile strength and strain at breaking of 2.0–3.0 MPa and 2.0–2.3 mm/mm, respectively. These findings indicate the potential for developing more representative aortic phantoms based on the approach in this study.

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Oxidative Activity of Aortic Tissue of Man, the Rabbit and the Dog, With Special Reference to Succinic Dehydrogenase and Cytochrome Oxidase

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1958.195.2.476 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 195 (2) ◽

pp. 476-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Nelicia Maier ◽

Henry Haimovici

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Cytochrome Oxidase ◽

Abdominal Aorta ◽

Abdominal Segment ◽

Species Difference ◽

Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽

Hepatic Tissue ◽

Human Aorta ◽

Aortic Tissue ◽

Enzymatic Systems

Succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities were determined in homogenates of three aortic segments (ascending and arch, descending thoracic, abdominal) and liver of man, the rabbit and the dog. Both enzymes exhibited the lowest activity in human aorta. Succinic dehydrogenase exhibited the highest activity in the thoracic aorta of the dog and intermediate activity in the latter's abdominal segment and the rabbit's aorta. Cytochrome oxidase, in contrast, exhibited the highest activity in the rabbit's aorta. A slight gradient of decreasing activity from thoracic to abdominal aorta was noted for cytochrome oxidase in both the rabbit and dog and for succinic dehydrogenase in the rabbit, whereas a significant decrease in the latter enzyme was noted in the abdominal segment of the dog. No gradient of activity was apparent in man. Liver exhibited the lowest activity for both enzymes in man, highest in the dog and intermediate in the rabbit. The above findings suggest a biologic species difference between the aorta of man, the rabbit and the dog, which may be partly ascribed to a difference in the components of the above two enzymatic systems. The same species difference holds true for hepatic tissue.

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Nanonet force microscopy for measuring forces in single smooth muscle cells of the human aorta

Molecular Biology of the Cell ◽

10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0053 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (14) ◽

pp. 1894-1900 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alexander Hall ◽

Patrick Chan ◽

Kevin Sheets ◽

Matthew Apperson ◽

Christopher Delaughter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

External Perturbation ◽

Human Aorta ◽

Cycle Times ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Cell Matrix ◽

Innovative Methods ◽

A Cell ◽

Inside Out

A number of innovative methods exist to measure cell–matrix adhesive forces, but they have yet to accurately describe and quantify the intricate interplay of a cell and its fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM). In cardiovascular pathologies, such as aortic aneurysm, new knowledge on the involvement of cell–matrix forces could lead to elucidation of disease mechanisms. To better understand this dynamics, we measured primary human aortic single smooth muscle cell (SMC) forces using nanonet force microscopy in both inside-out (I-O intrinsic contractility) and outside-in (O-I external perturbation) modes. For SMC populations, we measured the I-O and O-I forces to be 12.9 ± 1.0 and 57.9 ± 2.5 nN, respectively. Exposure of cells to oxidative stress conditions caused a force decrease of 57 and 48% in I-O and O-I modes, respectively, and an increase in migration rate by 2.5-fold. Finally, in O-I mode, we cyclically perturbed cells at constant strain of varying duration to simulate in vivo conditions of the cardiac cycle and found that I-O forces decrease with increasing duration and O-I forces decreased by half at shorter cycle times. Thus our findings highlight the need to study forces exerted and felt by cells simultaneously to comprehensively understand force modulation in cardiovascular disease.

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