Oxidative Activity of Aortic Tissue of Man, the Rabbit and the Dog, With Special Reference to Succinic Dehydrogenase and Cytochrome Oxidase

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelicia Maier ◽  
Henry Haimovici
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Human Aorta ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Enzymatic Systems

Succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities were determined in homogenates of three aortic segments (ascending and arch, descending thoracic, abdominal) and liver of man, the rabbit and the dog. Both enzymes exhibited the lowest activity in human aorta. Succinic dehydrogenase exhibited the highest activity in the thoracic aorta of the dog and intermediate activity in the latter's abdominal segment and the rabbit's aorta. Cytochrome oxidase, in contrast, exhibited the highest activity in the rabbit's aorta. A slight gradient of decreasing activity from thoracic to abdominal aorta was noted for cytochrome oxidase in both the rabbit and dog and for succinic dehydrogenase in the rabbit, whereas a significant decrease in the latter enzyme was noted in the abdominal segment of the dog. No gradient of activity was apparent in man. Liver exhibited the lowest activity for both enzymes in man, highest in the dog and intermediate in the rabbit. The above findings suggest a biologic species difference between the aorta of man, the rabbit and the dog, which may be partly ascribed to a difference in the components of the above two enzymatic systems. The same species difference holds true for hepatic tissue.

scholarly journals Mimicking the Mechanical Properties of Aortic Tissue with Pattern-Embedded 3D Printing for a Realistic Phantom

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5042
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Kwon ◽  
Junhyeok Ock ◽  
Namkug Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Human Aorta ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Base Materials

3D printing technology has been extensively applied in the medical field, but the ability to replicate tissues that experience significant loads and undergo substantial deformation, such as the aorta, remains elusive. Therefore, this study proposed a method to imitate the mechanical characteristics of the aortic wall by 3D printing embedded patterns and combining two materials with different physical properties. First, we determined the mechanical properties of the selected base materials (Agilus and Dragonskin 30) and pattern materials (VeroCyan and TPU 95A) and performed tensile testing. Three patterns were designed and embedded in printed Agilus–VeroCyan and Dragonskin 30–TPU 95A specimens. Tensile tests were then performed on the printed specimens, and the stress-strain curves were evaluated. The samples with one of the two tested orthotropic patterns exceeded the tensile strength and strain properties of a human aorta. Specifically, a tensile strength of 2.15 ± 0.15 MPa and strain at breaking of 3.18 ± 0.05 mm/mm were measured in the study; the human aorta is considered to have tensile strength and strain at breaking of 2.0–3.0 MPa and 2.0–2.3 mm/mm, respectively. These findings indicate the potential for developing more representative aortic phantoms based on the approach in this study.

scholarly journals Visualization and Analysis of Gene Expression in Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection Tissue Section by Spatial Transcriptomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Hong Li ◽  
Ying Cao ◽  
Fen Liu ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Dilare Adi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Type A ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Human Aorta ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Type A Aortic Dissection

Background: Spatial transcriptomics enables gene expression events to be pinpointed to a specific location in biological tissues. We developed a molecular approach for low-cell and high-fiber Stanford type A aortic dissection and preliminarily explored and visualized the heterogeneity of ascending aortic types and mapping cell-type-specific gene expression to specific anatomical domains.Methods: We collected aortic samples from 15 patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection and a case of ascending aorta was randomly selected followed by 10x Genomics and spatial transcriptomics sequencing. In data processing of normalization, component analysis and dimensionality reduction analysis, different algorithms were compared to establish the pipeline suitable for human aortic tissue.Results: We identified 19,879 genes based on the count level of gene expression at different locations and they were divided into seven groups based on gene expression trends. Major cell that the population may contain are indicated, and we can find different main distribution of different cell types, among which the tearing sites were mainly macrophages and stem cells. The gene expression of these different locations and the cell types they may contain are correlated and discussed in terms of their involvement in immunity, regulation of oxygen homeostasis, regulation of cell structure and basic function.Conclusion: This approach provides a spatially resolved transcriptome− and tissue-wide perspective of the adult human aorta and will allow the application of human fibrous aortic tissues without any effect on genes in different layers with low RNA expression levels. Our findings will pave the way toward both a better understanding of Stanford type A aortic dissection pathogenesis and heterogeneity and the implementation of more effective personalized therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Characterization of apolipoprotein E-deficient rats as novel model for atherosclerosis imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
JWA Sijbesma ◽  
A Van Waarde ◽  
S Kristensen ◽  
I Kion ◽  
UJF Tietge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Positron Emission

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background The apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mouse is a well-established atherosclerotic model with impaired lipoprotein clearance and development of vessel plaques. However, the small size of the mouse limits its use as an animal model in longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies of atherosclerosis. Recently, apoE-/- rats have become available. This study addresses the suitability of the apoE-/- rat as model for atherosclerotic PET imaging. Methods Ten male apoE-/- rats and ten male control rats (apoE+/+) (age 10+/-1 weeks), each fed with a Western diet, were injected at baseline week 4, 12, 26 and 51, with 60 MBq of [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Plasma cholesterol, body weight and fat were measured. 3h after injection, a computed tomography (CT) and a 20-min PET scan were made. After the final scan, aortic tissue was collected for histological staining. Results Cholesterol levels started to increase after 4 weeks in the apoE-/- rats, whereas in the apoE+/+ rats levels stayed stable. Body weight and body fat increased more rapidly in the apoE-/- rats but were similar in both strains at the end of the study. SUVmean and max in the aortic arch and abdominal aorta were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in apoE-/- versus apoE+/+ rats at weeks 12, 26 and 51. Oil red O staining showed lesions in 20.0 % of the surface of the aortic arch in the apoE-/- rats. Hardly no fatty streaks were detected in the apoE+/+ rats (2.29%). More histology data is being analyzed. Conclusion Plasma cholesterol levels were elevated in apoE-/- rats. PET imaging demonstrated differences in [18F]-FDG uptake in the aortic arch and abdominal aorta after 12, 26 and 51 weeks. Combined, these data demonstrate that apoE-/- rats represent a useful preclinical model for the non-invasive assessment of atherosclerosis in longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals The ultrastructural cytochemistry of lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, dihydro-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase and cytochrome oxidase activities in hair cell mitochondria of the guinea pig cochlea.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Spector
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Outer Compartment

The use of cinnamyl nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (DS-NBT) in dehydrogenase experiments (lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase) and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) in cytochrome oxidase experiments indicated that mitochondrial oxidoreduction reactions from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to cytochrome oxidase are located on the inner mitochondrial membrane in the outer compartment and the intracristate spaces. These reactions behave according to the chemiosmotic hypothesis. The cochlear hair cell mitochondria are cytochemically indistinguishable from free liver mitochondria. The heterogeneous mitochondrial staining pattern is related to the osmolarity of the incubation media, solubility of the enzymes and pH of the medium, but not to the fixation method.

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