The effect of relative humidity on photoresponse in sympatric species of Drosophila: Short term exposure to desiccating environments

(1) Background: Inconsistencies were observed in studies on the relationship between short-term exposure to meteorological factors and the risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to assess the overall effects of meteorological factors on the incidence of HFMD to help clarify these inconsistencies and serve as a piece of evidence for policy makers to determine relevant risk factors. (2) Methods: Articles published as of 24 October 2020, were searched in the four databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE. We applied a meta-analysis to assess the impact of ambient temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and sunshine duration on the incidence of HFMD. We conducted subgroup analyses by exposure metrics, exposure time resolution, regional climate, national income level, gender, and age as a way to seek the source of heterogeneity. (3) Results: Screening by the given inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 28 studies were included in the analysis. We observed that the incidence of HFMD based on the single-day lag model is significantly associated with ambient temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed. In the cumulative lag model, ambient temperature and relative humidity significantly increased the incidence of HFMD as well. Subgroup analysis showed that extremely high temperature and relative humidity significantly increased the risk of HFMD. Temperate regions, high-income countries, and children under five years old are major risk factors for HFMD. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that various meteorological factors can increase the incidence of HFMD. Therefore, the general public, especially susceptible populations, should pay close attention to weather changes and take protective measures in advance.

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Natural dehydration regimes as a prerequisite for the successful induction of anhydrobiosis in the nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.143.1.359 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 143 (1) ◽

pp. 359-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Womersley ◽

C. Ching

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Adaptive Significance ◽

Moisture Loss ◽

Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽

Severe Dehydration ◽

Short Term ◽

Natural Rate ◽

Direct Exposure ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Successful Induction

Induction of anhydrobiosis in the nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis (Linford & Oliveira) was studied using direct exposure to elevated relative humidities and conditions resembling natural dehydration regimes. All larvae and preadults were unable to survive direct short-term exposure to 97% relative humidity. However, dehydration of larvae on model substrates (0.5% agar: 1.0% agarose) that mimic the natural rate of soil moisture loss induced coiling and successful entry into anhydrobiosis. Coiling was maximized at 10–12 days and only coiled larvae survived dehydration, emerging as the preadult form. Larvae could withstand severe dehydration at 80 and 40% relative humidity after the induction of coiling, but were unable to withstand direct exposure to 0% relative humidity. The levels of adaptation utilized by anhydrobiotes to ensure slow dehydration and the adaptive significance of this are discussed in relation to the different environments in which these organisms are found. The results suggest that R. reniformis is well-adapted to its environment and emphasize the importance of natural dehydration regimes for assessing anhydrobiotic potential.

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Effects of short-term exposure to high ambient temperature and relative humidity on thermoregulatory responses of European (Large White) and Caribbean (Creole) restrictively-fed growing pigs

Animal Research ◽

10.1051/animres:2005005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 81-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

David Renaudeau

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

High Ambient Temperature ◽

Short Term ◽

Large White ◽

Thermoregulatory Responses ◽

Short Term Exposure

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Effects of short-term exposure to ambient airborne pollutants on COPD-related mortality among the elderly residents of Chengdu city in Southwest China

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-020-00925-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianyu Chen ◽

Chunli Shi ◽

Yang Li ◽

Hongzhen Ni ◽

Jie Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Elderly People ◽

Sichuan Basin ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Short Term ◽

Airborne Pollutants ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Central Sichuan Basin ◽

Related Mortality

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a severe global burden in terms of both health and the economy. Few studies, however, have thoroughly assessed the influence of air pollution on COPD-related mortality among elderly people in developing areas in the hinterland of southwestern China. This study is the first to examine the association between short-term exposure to ambient airborne pollutants and COPD-related mortality among elderly people in the central Sichuan Basin of southwestern China. Methods Data on COPD-related mortality among elderly people aged 60 and older were obtained from the Population Death Information Registration and Management System (PDIRMS). Data on airborne pollutants comprised of particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) were derived from 23 municipal environmental monitoring sites. Data on weather conditions, including daily mean temperature and relative humidity, were obtained from the Chengdu Meteorological Bureau. All data were collected from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018. A quasi-Poisson general additive model (GAM) was utilized to assess the effects of short-term exposure to airborne pollutants on COPD-related mortality among elderly people. Results A total of 61,058 COPD-related deaths of people aged 60 and older were obtained. Controlling the influences of daily temperature and relative humidity, interquartile range (IQR) concentration increases of PM2.5 (43 μg/m3), SO2 (8 μg/m3), NO2 (18 μg/m3), CO (0.4 mg/m3), and O3 (78 μg/m3) were associated with 2.7% (95% CI 1.0–4.4%), 4.3% (95% CI 2.1–6.4%), 3.6% (95% CI 1.7–5.6%), 2.7% (95% CI 0.6–4.8%), and 7.4% (95% CI 3.6–11.3%) increases in COPD-related mortality in people aged 60 and older, respectively. The exposure-response curves between each pollutant and the log-relative risk of COPD-related mortality exhibited linear relationships. Statistically significant differences in the associations between pollutants and COPD-related mortality were not observed among sociodemographic factors including age, gender, and marital status. The effects of O3 remained steady after adjusting for PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO each time in the two-pollutant models. Conclusions Increased concentrations of ambient airborne pollutants composed of PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO were significantly and positively associated with COPD-related mortality in the central Sichuan Basin, which is located in the hinterland of southwestern China. The adverse effects of O3 were stable, a finding that should receive more attention.

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Short-term exposure to high relative humidity increases blood urea and influences colonic urea-nitrogen metabolism by altering the gut microbiota

Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hongmei Yin ◽

Yadong Zhong ◽

Hui Wang ◽

Jielun Hu ◽

Shengkun Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

High Relative Humidity ◽

Short Term ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Short Term Exposure

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Verification of applicability of weathering steel based on long-term exposure tests in Vietnam

IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure ◽

10.2749/christchurch.2021.0968 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shinichi Miura ◽

Dang Dang Tung ◽

Eiji Iwasaki

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Corrosion Behaviour ◽

The United States ◽

High Relative Humidity ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Weathering Steel ◽

Life Cycle Costs ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Exposure

<p>Under the appropriate corrosion environment, weathering steel does not require paint, so it has reduced life cycle costs when compared to conventional steel. The applicability of weathering steel has been systematically investigated in countries like Japan and the United States of America. However, in Vietnam, the influence of environmental factors on corrosion behaviour and the applicability of weathering steel has been evaluated by short-term exposure tests. In this study, we performed long-term exposure tests in Vietnam to clarify the time-dependent changes of corrosion behaviour and to verify the applicability of weathering steel. The time-dependent changes of corrosion loss were dependent on the corrosion environment. The corrosion rate greatly increased in areas with high relative humidity. Weathering steel is applicable in various regions in Vietnam, but it should be applied carefully in areas with high relative humidity.</p>

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Effects of Short-term Exposure to Ambient Airborne Pollutants on COPD-related Mortality Among the Elderly Residents of Chengdu City in Southwest China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57370/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jianyu Chen ◽

Chunli Shi ◽

Yang Li ◽

Hongzhen Ni ◽

Jie Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Elderly People ◽

Sichuan Basin ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Age Group ◽

Short Term ◽

Airborne Pollutants ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Central Sichuan Basin ◽

Related Mortality

Abstract Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a severe global burden in terms of both health and the economy. Few studies, however, have thoroughly assessed the influence of air pollution on COPD-related mortality among elderly people in higher elevation areas. This study is the first to examine the association between short-term exposure to ambient airborne pollutants and COPD-related mortality among elderly people in the central Sichuan Basin of southwestern China.Methods: Data on COPD-related mortality among elderly people aged 60 and older were obtained from the Population Death Information Registration and Management System (PDIRMS). Data on airborne pollutants comprised of particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) were derived from 23 municipal environmental monitoring sites. Data on weather conditions, including daily mean temperature and relative humidity, were obtained from the Chengdu Meteorological Bureau. All data were collected from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018. A quasi-Poisson general additive model (GAM) was utilized to assess the effects of short-term exposure to airborne pollutants on COPD-related mortality among elderly people.Results: A total of 61,058 COPD-related deaths of people aged 60 and older were obtained. Controlling the influences of daily temperature and relative humidity, interquartile range (IQR) concentration increases of PM2.5 (43 µg/m3), SO2 (8 µg/m3), NO2 (18 µg/m3), CO (0.4 mg/m3), and O3 (78 µg/m3) were associated with 1.9%, 3.4%, 2.7%, 2.5%, and 3.8% increases in COPD-related mortality in people aged 60 and older, respectively. The exposure-response curves between each pollutant and the log-relative risk of COPD-related mortality exhibited linear relationships. Statistically significant associations between COPD-related mortality and pollutants in the 60–69 age group were not observed but were observed in the ≥ 90 age group, with the exception of CO. Correspondingly, statistically significant associations between COPD-related mortality and PM2.5 were only observed in the ≥ 90 age group. Statistically significant differencesin the associations between pollutants and COPD-related mortality were not observed between males and females or between married individuals and those with alternative marital statuses (widowed, divorced, or never married).The effects of O3 remained steady after adjusting for PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO each time in the two-pollutantmodels.Conclusions: Increased concentrations of ambient airborne pollutants composed of PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO were significantly and positively associated with COPD-related mortality in the central Sichuan Basin of southwestern China, which has an elevation of 500 meters. Susceptibilities to COPD-related mortality associated with ambient airborne pollutants may increase with age. The adverse effects of O3 were stable, a finding that should receive more attention.

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The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on In Vitro Platelet Function

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648027 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 36 (01) ◽

pp. 221-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Charles A. Schiffer ◽

Caroline L. Whitaker ◽

Morton Schmukler ◽

Joseph Aisner ◽

Steven L. Hilbert

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Platelet Function ◽

Platelet Volume ◽

Short Term ◽

Platelet Factor ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Structural Abnormalities

SummaryAlthough dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used extensively as a cryopreservative for platelets there are few studies dealing with the effect of DMSO on platelet function. Using techniques similar to those employed in platelet cryopreservation platelets were incubated with final concentrations of 2-10% DMSO at 25° C. After exposure to 5 and 10% DMSO platelets remained discoid and electron micrographs revealed no structural abnormalities. There was no significant change in platelet count. In terms of injury to platelet membranes, there was no increased availability of platelet factor-3 or leakage of nucleotides, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or glycosidases with final DMSO concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% DMSO. Thrombin stimulated nucleotide and 5HT release was reduced by 10% DMSO. Impairment of thrombin induced glycosidase release was noted at lower DMSO concentrations and was dose related. Similarly, aggregation to ADP was progressively impaired at DMSO concentrations from 1-5% and was dose related. After the platelets exposed to DMSO were washed, however, aggregation and release returned to control values. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was also inhibited by DMSO and this could not be corrected by washing the platelets. DMSO-plasma solutions are hypertonic but only minimal increases in platelet volume (at 10% DMSO) could be detected. Shrinkage of platelets was seen with hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride or sucrose suggesting that the rapid transmembrane passage of DMSO prevented significant shifts of water. These studies demonstrate that there are minimal irreversible alterations in in vitro platelet function after short-term exposure to DMSO.

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