Use of cryptograms for characterization of strains of the Bacillus thuringiensis/Bacillus cereus group

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloysius Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Two Bacillus cereus Group Bacteriophages, Eyuki and AvesoBmore

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Erill ◽  
Steven M. Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Double Stranded Dna

The genomes of two double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages isolated on Bacillus thuringiensis show similarity to previously sequenced phages and provide evidence of the mosaicism of phage genomes.

Biology and taxonomy ofBacillus cereus,Bacillus anthracis, andBacillus thuringiensis

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Vilas-Bôas ◽  
A.P.S. Peruca ◽  
O.M.N. Arantes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Genetics ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Biological Control Of Insects ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Ofbacillus Cereus

Three species of the Bacillus cereus group (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis , and Bacillus thuringiensis ) have a marked impact on human activity. Bacillus cereus and B. anthracis are important pathogens of mammals, including humans, and B. thuringiensis is extensively used in the biological control of insects. The microbiological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of these three species are reviewed, together with a discussion of several genomic studies conducted on strains of B. cereus group. Using bacterial systematic concepts, we speculate that to understand the taxonomic relationship within this group of bacteria, special attention should be devoted also to the ecology and the population genetics of these species.

A Selective Chromogenic Agar That Distinguishes Bacillus anthracis from Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2002-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARET A. JUERGENSMEYER ◽  
BRUCE A. GINGRAS ◽  
LAWRENCE RESTAINO ◽  
ELON W. FRAMPTON
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Differential Rate ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Choline Phosphate ◽  
Group B

A selective and differential plating medium, R & F anthracis chromogenic agar (ACA), has been developed for isolating and identifying presumptive colonies of Bacillus anthracis. ACA contains the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-choline phosphate that upon hydrolysis yields teal (blue green) colonies indicating the presence of phosphatidylcholinespecific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) activity. Among seven Bacillus species tested on ACA, only members of the Bacillus cereus group (B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis) produced teal colonies (PC-PLC positive) having cream rings. Examination of colony morphology in 18 pure culture strains of B. anthracis (15 ATCC strains plus AMES-1-RIID, ANR-1, and AMED-RIID), with one exception, required 48 h at 35 to 37°C for significant color production, whereas only 24 h was required for B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. This differential rate of PC-PLC synthesis in B. anthracis (due to the truncated plcR gene and PlcR regulator in B. anthracis) allowed for the rapid differentiation on ACA of presumptive colonies of B. anthracis from B. cereus and B. thuringiensis in both pure and mixed cultures. Effective recovery of B. anthracis from a variety of matrices having both high (soil and sewage) and low microbial backgrounds (cloth, paper, and blood) spiked with B. anthracis ANR-1 spores suggests the probable utility of ACA plating for B. anthracis recovery in a diversity of applications.

scholarly journals Application of Bacillus thuringiensis strains with conjugal and mobilizing capability drives gene transmissibility within Bacillus cereus group populations in confined habitats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Hu ◽  
Doudou Huang ◽  
Joseph Ogalo ◽  
Peiling Geng ◽  
Zhiming Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract Background Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria share similar genetic, physiological, and biochemical characteristics with other members of the Bacillus cereus group. Their diversity and entomopathogenic origin are related to their mobile genetic elements. However, the effects of wide-spread application of B. thuringiensis-based pesticides on genetically related B. cereus group populations present in the environment remain poorly understood. Results We first identified pBMB76 from B. thuringiensis tenebrionis as a new conjugative plasmid. Mixed mating experiments suggested that pBMB76 may compete with pHT73, another known conjugative plasmid. Applications of single (tenebrionis 4AA1 and kurstaki HD73 carrying pBMB76 and pHT73, respectively) and mixed (4AA1 + HD73) B. thuringiensis strains were performed in confined plot habitats (soil and leaf) over two planting seasons. In total, 684 B. cereus group isolates were randomly selected from different treatment sets, and the transmissibility and occurrence rate of potential conjugative plasmids were surveyed. Results showed that the percentage of isolates with plasmid mobility was markedly enhanced in the B. thuringiensis-sprayed groups. Furthermore, we performed multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) for a subset of 291 isolates, which indicated that the dominant sequence types in the treated habitats were identical or related to the corresponding sprayed formulations. Conclusions The application of B. thuringiensis strains with conjugal and mobilizing capability drove gene transmissibility within the B. cereus group populations in confined habitats and potentially modified the population structure.

Molecular and Toxigenic Characterization of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis Strains Isolated from Commercial Ground Roasted Coffee

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEANE QUINTANILHA CHAVES ◽  
CLARA de FÁTIMA GOMES CAVADOS ◽  
ADRIANA MARCOS VIVONI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Clustering Criterion

Thirty samples of roasted ground coffee beans from 10 different commercial brands were analyzed to investigate the occurrence and levels of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis strains. Strains were evaluated for their genetic diversity by repetitive element sequence polymorphism PCR (Rep-PCR) and for their toxigenic profiles, i.e., the presence of hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, ces, and entFM. Survival and multiplication of B. cereus sensu lato in the ready-to-drink coffee was determined to evaluate this beverage as a possible vehicle for B. cereus infection. B. cereus was detected in 17 (56.7%) of the 30 samples, and B. thuringiensis was detected in 8 (26.7%) of the 30 samples. Five samples did not produce any characteristic growth. The most common gene, entFM, was detected in 23 strains (92%). The NHE complex (nheA, nheB, and nheC genes) was found in 19 strains (76%). The HBL complex (hblA, hblC, and hblD) was found in 16 strains (64%). All strains were negative for ces. The cytK gene was found in 16 strains (64%). The computer-assisted cluster analysis of Rep-PCR profiles using a clustering criterion of 80% similarity revealed four main clusters. Cluster 1 was the predominant and comprised three B. thuringiensis strains with 100% similarity, cluster 2 comprised two B. cereus strains (100% similarity), cluster 3 comprised two B. thuringiensis strains (90% similarity), and cluster 4 comprised one B. thuringiensis strain and one B. cereus strain (85% similarity). The cluster analysis of fingerprints generated by Rep-PCR revealed a high genetic diversity among the B. cereus strains, suggesting that the contamination could have originated from different sources. In our experiments, when sugar was added and the beverage was kept in thermic bottles there was a significant increase in B. cereus sensu lato levels, which may increase the risk of food poisoning. These results highlight the need for additional studies on this subject to better evaluate coffee as a food poisoning vehicle.

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