A Selective Chromogenic Agar That Distinguishes Bacillus anthracis from Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2002-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARET A. JUERGENSMEYER ◽  
BRUCE A. GINGRAS ◽  
LAWRENCE RESTAINO ◽  
ELON W. FRAMPTON
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Differential Rate ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Choline Phosphate ◽  
Group B

A selective and differential plating medium, R & F anthracis chromogenic agar (ACA), has been developed for isolating and identifying presumptive colonies of Bacillus anthracis. ACA contains the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-choline phosphate that upon hydrolysis yields teal (blue green) colonies indicating the presence of phosphatidylcholinespecific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) activity. Among seven Bacillus species tested on ACA, only members of the Bacillus cereus group (B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis) produced teal colonies (PC-PLC positive) having cream rings. Examination of colony morphology in 18 pure culture strains of B. anthracis (15 ATCC strains plus AMES-1-RIID, ANR-1, and AMED-RIID), with one exception, required 48 h at 35 to 37°C for significant color production, whereas only 24 h was required for B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. This differential rate of PC-PLC synthesis in B. anthracis (due to the truncated plcR gene and PlcR regulator in B. anthracis) allowed for the rapid differentiation on ACA of presumptive colonies of B. anthracis from B. cereus and B. thuringiensis in both pure and mixed cultures. Effective recovery of B. anthracis from a variety of matrices having both high (soil and sewage) and low microbial backgrounds (cloth, paper, and blood) spiked with B. anthracis ANR-1 spores suggests the probable utility of ACA plating for B. anthracis recovery in a diversity of applications.

Biology and taxonomy ofBacillus cereus,Bacillus anthracis, andBacillus thuringiensis

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T. Vilas-Bôas ◽  
A.P.S. Peruca ◽  
O.M.N. Arantes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Genetics ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Biological Control Of Insects ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Ofbacillus Cereus

Three species of the Bacillus cereus group (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis , and Bacillus thuringiensis ) have a marked impact on human activity. Bacillus cereus and B. anthracis are important pathogens of mammals, including humans, and B. thuringiensis is extensively used in the biological control of insects. The microbiological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of these three species are reviewed, together with a discussion of several genomic studies conducted on strains of B. cereus group. Using bacterial systematic concepts, we speculate that to understand the taxonomic relationship within this group of bacteria, special attention should be devoted also to the ecology and the population genetics of these species.

scholarly journals Pathogenomic Sequence Analysis of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates Closely Related to Bacillus anthracis

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (21) ◽  
pp. 7711-7711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliff S. Han ◽  
Gary Xie ◽  
Jean F. Challacombe ◽  
Michael R. Altherr ◽  
Smriti S. Bhotika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis

The Bacillus cereus Group: Bacillus Species with Pathogenic Potential

2019 ◽  
pp. 875-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Ehling-Schulz ◽  
Didier Lereclus ◽  
Theresa M. Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Pathogenic Potential

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Two Bacillus cereus Group Bacteriophages, Eyuki and AvesoBmore

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Erill ◽  
Steven M. Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Double Stranded Dna

The genomes of two double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages isolated on Bacillus thuringiensis show similarity to previously sequenced phages and provide evidence of the mosaicism of phage genomes.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis on the Basis of thecsaBGene Reflects Host Source

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 3860-3863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinshui Zheng ◽  
Donghai Peng ◽  
Xiaoling Song ◽  
Lifang Ruan ◽  
Jacques Mahillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Gene Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group I ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACTcsaBgene analysis clustered 198 strains ofBacillus anthracis,Bacillus cereus, andBacillus thuringiensisinto two groups related to mammalian and insect hosts, respectively. Mammal-related group I strains also have more S-layer homology (SLH) protein genes than group II strains. This indicates thatcsaB-based differentiation reflects selective pressure from animal hosts.

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