Prevention of neonatal hypothermia by a fiber optic “hot pipe” system: A new concept

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Shaw ◽  
Irwin Franzel ◽  
Joseph Bordiuk
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
System A ◽  
Neonatal Hypothermia

Tunable Athermal Multi-FBG Package Using a Bending Bimetal Structure

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel I-En Lin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Compensation Mechanism ◽  
Central Wavelength ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
The Core ◽  
System A ◽  
Stable Temperature ◽  
Fiber Optic Communication ◽  
Optic Communication

The Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) written by ultraviolet light into the core of an optical fiber have developed into a critical component for many applications in the fiber-optic communication system. A stable temperature compensation mechanism is essential to the successful usage of FBG-based devices. In this paper, the bimetal-based temperature-compensating package with tunable mechanism was developed. Such a tunable mechanism serves as prestress and post-tuning mechanisms of fixture in order to obtain a predetermined central wavelength. With the aid of developed experimental procedure, this compact and easily manufactured package can achieve temperature coefficient of 8.3×10−4 nm/°C in the temperature range from −40°C to 80°C. The same package can also be used for multi-FBG applications.

Hierarchical Pipe System Disassembly Sequence Planning by Dynamic Self-Adaptive Tree Based Motion Planning

2013 ◽  
Vol 300-301 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Bo Xuan Zhao ◽  
Jian Hua Liu ◽  
Ru Xin Ning ◽  
Mi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Motion Planning ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Basic Algorithm ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
System A ◽  
Disassembly Sequence ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Escape Path ◽  
Self Adaptive

This paper represents a hierarchical pipe system disassembly method by using dynamic self-adaptive tree (DSAT) based motion planning to perform disassembly for a complex pipe system. A pipe system CAD model is prepared initially to indicate the environment of the disassembly procedure. The improved motion planning method provides basic algorithm support for indicating the feasible escape path of a single part. Our technic gradually reduces the complexity of the pipe system to generate a hierarchical structure which takes all geometric information of the system. The hierarchical structure is preserved and used for the generation of a disassembly relationship graph which indicates the feasible disassembly sequences.

The Design of Sunlight Collecting Machine in the Fiber Optic Lighting System

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Jiu Zhu ◽  
Jia Xing Cai
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Single Chip Microcomputer ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
System A ◽  
Electromagnetic Relay

As the sunlight must illuminate the optical fiber in a certain angle in the fiber optic lighting system, a sunlight collecting machine is designed. It uses the 3DU51 light activated triode to transform the changes of sunlight's intensity which is caused by the position of the sun into electrical signals. And after the processing of ADC0809 converter, the signal is sended to AT89S51 single-chip microcomputer which will produce electrical signals to control the electromagnetic relay switches closed or disconnected, realizing that the driving motor can be controlled to start rotating and stop rotating automatically. So the sunlight collecting machine can track the position of the sun, collecting the most strong direct sunlight, improving the system's efficiency of collecting sunlight.

A Simple Methodology of Pipe Route for Providing Enough Flexibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fukun Lai ◽  
Alex MacGregor ◽  
Justin Fraczek
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
System A ◽  
Pipe Routing ◽  
The Common ◽  
Simple Equations

Flexibility is the most important requirement of the pipe system. A general approach is to include pipe bends in the system to provide flexibility. The design of the pipe routing requires either rigorous pipe stress analysis or hand calculation based on the beam theory and finite element method. In this paper, a simple methodology has been developed for pipe routing to provide flexibility to absorb thermal expansion and other secondary displacements. The method uses the basic theory of beam and based on the data fitting from the pipe stress analysis results. This method provides general and simple equations of the common bends in the pipeline industry including L, Z, and U bends, for determination of the minimum length requirement for enough flexibility.

"Thermo hydraulic pseudo bond graph based modeling of a centrifugal pumppipe system with experimental analysis"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kebdani ◽  
G. Dauphin-Tanguy ◽  
A. Dazin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Bond Graph ◽  
Secondary Circuit ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
System A ◽  
Energetic Approach ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Bond Graph Theory

"The emergence of electrical energy is closely related to the use of power. However, the temperature of electronics could be compared to those encountered by a shuttle nose when entering the atmosphere and requires a thermal management. The technology investigated in this paper is original because able to evacuate important heat flux. The proposed system is named Biphasic Fluid Loop Mechanically Pumped (BFLMP) with a transport capacity of the thermal power up to 10 MW.m, exceeding in this way the performance of all known technologies. This paper begins with a description of the test rig of the BFLMP and its instrumentation. The second part of the paper is a detailed study of the thermo hydraulic behavior of the pump-pipe system. The proposed model is based on the bond graph theory because of its energetic approach and the multi-physics character of the studied system. A validation test is launched using water with regulation temperature at the pressurizer set at 60°C, the temperature of the secondary circuit is regulated at 37°C, a power crenel of 400 W has been applied on the evaporator. Results are discussed in a last part; the model shows up good agreement with the experimental results. The volumetric pump studied in this work is original because it was specially designed and manufactured to equip the BFLMP developed in collaboration with the research laboratory CRIStAL. This pump has been patented. Also, this centrifugal machine has been tested and has been characterized. Its performance curves are obtained and used in the model proposed in this paper. In addition, the proposed algorithm models the pump using a resistive bond graph element R."

Optonet system: a 64 on/off fiber optic sensor network designed for industrial and military applications

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Girault ◽  
Philippe Graindorge ◽  
D. Mangeot ◽  
V. Morin ◽  
A. Gonos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
System A ◽  
Optic Sensor ◽  
Military Applications

scholarly journals Decontamination and Management of Contaminated Hair following a CBRN or HazMat Incident

2019 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem Matar ◽  
Andreia Pinhal ◽  
Nevine Amer ◽  
Mark Barrett ◽  
Elliot Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
System A ◽  
Skin Decontamination ◽  
Secondary Contamination

Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the “triple protocol” of dry decontamination, the ladder pipe system (a method for gross decontamination), and technical decontamination for the decontamination of hair following chemical contamination. First, we assessed the efficacy of the 3 protocols, alone or in combination, on excised porcine skin and human hair contaminated with either methyl salicylate (MS), phorate (PHR), sodium fluoroacetate (SFA), or potassium cyanide (KCN). A second experiment investigated the residual hair contamination following decontamination with the triple protocol at different intervals postexposure. In a third experiment, hair decontaminated after exposure to MS or PHR was evaluated for off-gassing. Though skin decontamination was highly effective, a substantial proportion (20%–40%) of the lipophilic compounds (MS and PHR) remained within the hair. The more water-soluble contaminants (SFA and KCN) tended to form much smaller reservoirs within the hair. Interestingly, substantial off-gassing of MS, a medium volatility chemical, was detectable from triple-decontaminated hair up to 5 days postexposure. Overall, the decontamination strategies investigated were effective for the decontamination of skin, but less so for hair. These findings highlight the importance of contaminated hair serving as a source of potential secondary contamination by contact or inhalation. Therefore, consideration should be given to the removal of contaminated hair following exposure to toxic chemicals.

scholarly journals Ski lifts, bowling balls, pipe system or waterfall? Lower secondary students’ understanding of analogies for electric circuits.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Mogstad ◽  
Berit Bungum
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Lower Secondary School ◽  
Height Difference ◽  
Electric Circuits ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
System A ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Interviews

Electric circuits are challenging for students to understand, and a wide range of analogies are developed in order to support their learning. This article investigates how lower secondary students understand four analogies presented in teaching material for science for Norwegian schools. The analogies compare electric circuits to a ski lift, a water pipe system, a waterfall and moving bowling balls, respectively. Data in the study consist of group interviews with 12 students in lower secondary school, about how they understand the analogies. Results show that students are able to reason about continuity and the concept of current in circuits based on all the analogies, but that the concept of voltage remains a challenge. It seems from the results that analogies relating voltage to energy transfer as an effect of height difference in a gravitational field are constructive, despite the need for the more abstract concept of field. In addition, the results demonstrate that weaknesses in how the analogies are presented may cause major problems for students in building a fruitful understanding. This kind of weaknesses are prevalent in the teaching material studied.

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