Food intake, growth, maintenance and food conversion efficiency in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus)

Aquaculture ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Klaoudatos ◽  
J. Apostolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Sparus Auratus ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

Breed and sex differences in equally mature sheep and goats 1. Growth and food intake

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Thonney ◽  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
T. H. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Size Scaling ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Mature Size ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

ABSTRACTGenetic size-scaling accounts for most of the variation found among mammalian species in food intake and growth rate, with food conversion efficiency independent of the body size of the species. Is the same true of breeds and strains within species?Animals from Soay, Welsh Mountain, Southdown, Finish Landrace, Jacob, Wiltshire Horn and Oxford Down sheep breeds and from a breed of feral goats were grown to 0·40, 0·52, 0·64 or 0·76 of the mean mature weight of their breed and sex. Food was offered ad libitum and individually recorded.Allometric growth coefficients were obtained for fleece weight, femur weight and femur length. Fleece was late maturing and femur early.Breed and sex size-scaling coefficients, obtained by regression of breed and sex means on mature size, were similar to those found at the species level for age from conception to slaughter, time taken to mature and food conversion efficiency. Coefficients were higher than expected for total and daily food consumption, especially at early stages of maturity. Most breed coefficients were close to expectation while sex coefficients were somewhat higher than expected.There were significant breed deviations: Welsh Mountain, Oxford Down and probably Soay sheep required less time and Jacob sheep and feral goats required more time to mature than expected from differences in mature size. Soay and Welsh Mountain sheep appeared to be more efficient and feral goats and Jacob sheep less efficient food converters over the same maturity interval.

Influence of shearing and level of concentrates offered on the performance of lambs

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
H.J. Black ◽  
D.M.B. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

It has been clearly established that shearing ewes during pregnancy increases lamb birthweight (Austin and Young, 1971; Rutter, Laird and Broadbent, 1971; Black and Chestnutt, 1990). Fewer studies have examined the response of fattening lambs to shearing although both Salman and Owen (1981) and Marai, Nowar and Bahgat (1987) noted a significant increase in growth rate. This was accompanied by an increase in voluntary food intake and consequently little change in the food conversion efficiency.The objective of these experiments was to study the influence of shearing on voluntary food intake and growth rate of fattening lambs offered various levels of concentrate feeding plus ad libitum forage.

Performance of broilers and rabbits given diets containing full fat neem (Azadirachta indica) seed meal

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Salawut ◽  
S. K. Adedeji ◽  
W. H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

AbstractExperiments were carried out to establish the suitability of full fat neem seed meal (FFNSM) in broiler and growing rabbit diets. In the broiler experiment, 200-day-old (Babcock) broiler chicks were used in a 10-week trial, with the FFNSM fixed at 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg diet. In the rabbit experiment 24 rabbits of three different breeds were used in an 8-week trial, with the FFNSM fixed at 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 g/kg diet. The criteria of response were food intake, weight gain, food conversion and protein efficiency ratio and mortality. There was a significant (P < 0·05) negative correlation between the dietary inclusion of FFNSM, weight gain and food conversion efficiency of the birds in the starter phase. In the finisher phase from 5 to 10 weeks, food intake, weight gain, food conversion and protein efficiency ratio did not differ significantly (P > 0·05) between the birds on the control diet and diets containing up to 75 g FFNSM per kg. For all the measurements, rabbits on the diet with 100 g FFNSM per kg gave better results than the control. Food intake, weight gain, food conversion efficiency and protein efficiency ratio did not differ significantly (P > 0·05) between rabbits on control diet and the diet containing 200 g FFNSM per kg. Performance on the diet with 300 g FFNSM per kg was poorest.

Age- and sex-dependent stimulation of growth rate in rats by the adrenal inhibitor trilostane

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Sillence ◽  
R. G. Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

ABSTRACT The effects of the adrenal inhibitor trilostane were examined in male and female rats to determine whether growth rate could be improved by lowering circulating plasma corticosterone concentrations. Dose–response studies revealed that in young female rats (125 g) trilostane lowered peak plasma corticosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner. In male rats plasma corticosterone concentrations were reduced only by very high doses of trilostane (200 mg/kg), while lower doses (2–8 mg/kg) actually increased them. Five growth studies were conducted using a total of 90 rats. In female animals, daily injections of trilostane (10 mg/day) caused an age-dependent increase in growth rate ranging from 11% in 127 g rats to 30% in 164 g rats. In three out of four experiments using females, food intake was slightly increased by the drug. Food conversion efficiency was improved consistently by trilostane by up to 18%. Trilostane-treated females had significantly heavier adrenal glands and livers, but lighter kidneys than control rats. When a complete carcass analysis was performed on one experimental group, no significant differences were found. Carcass component weights relative to control values were: body weight (103%), body water (105%), fat-free solids (103%), carcass weight (103%), body length (103%), body fat (95%) and gut content (96%). In male rats (160 g), daily injections of trilostane (10 mg) resulted in a steady and sustained depression of growth rate reflecting a similar fall in food intake, with no change in food conversion efficiency. It is concluded that in older female rats growth rate is constrained by physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids. Younger females are either less sensitive to trilostane or to changes in plasma corticosterone levels. Male rats are less responsive to adrenal suppression by trilostane than are females of a similar age and do not exhibit an anabolic response to this drug. J. Endocr. (1987) 113, 479–484

Anorexia and food utilization in nematode infected lambs on pasture

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Thamsborg ◽  
N. Agergaard
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Chrome Oxide ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

AbstractThe influence of naturally acquired nematode infections on food intake and utilization was investigated in grazing lambs. It was first demonstrated in a pilot study with penned lambs that the application of chrome-oxide in a ruminal bolus could be used for comparison of food intake in infected and uninfected lambs on grass. In a field trial, repeated in two consecutive seasons, 48 lambs grazed on clover grass in six groups. Three stocking rate groups were grazed on contaminated pastures (I-low, I-medium and I-high) and three groups on clean pastures (U-low, U-medium and U-high). Faecal dry-matter (DM) output of individual lambs was estimated in August each year by the chrome-method. DM intake and food conversion efficiency were calculated based on hand-picked herbage samples and in vitro assessment of digestibility. Substantial worm burdens, increasing from year 1 to year 2, were observed and some lambs had clinical symptoms in the 2nd year. In year 2, lambs on contaminated pastures had significantly lower DM intake (proportionately 009 lower), higher faecal protein losses and lower food conversion efficiency compared with the uninfected lambs on clean pastures. The effect of infection on food intakes was eliminated if corrected for body weight. The study showed that if exposure to nematode infections is large enough, increased protein losses in faeces and anorexia may contribute to reduced performance in lambs in late season.

Growth and carcass characteristics of desert goat kids and their temperate cross

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bello ◽  
S. A. Babiker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

AbstractCrossbreeding of desert goat does with the temperate Saanen x Toggenburg buck was found to result in a significant increase in the daily live-weight gain and the empty body weight of their progeny slaughtered at about 30 kg live weight when compared with purebred desert goat kids (P < 0·001). Food intake did not differ between the two types of kids, but live-weight food conversion efficiency was significantly superior in crossbred kids (P < 0·05).Carcass weight and killing-out proportion tended to be greater in the crossbred kids reflecting lower weights of head, skin, internal organs and gut fill. Breed types did not differ in the weights of individual wholesale cuts. Carcass dissection revealed significantly higher muscle proportion (P < 0·05), significantly lower fat proportion (P < 0·01) and higher muscle: bone ratio in the crossbred kids.

Effects of Salinity on the Survival and Growth of Pre-Smolt Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

Salinity tolerance of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) increased markedly during the period from approximately [Formula: see text] months after emergence from the gravel to the onset of the smolt transformation, except for a decline in the fall. In January, salinity tolerance ceased to limit dispersal to the sea. The limiting effects of high salinities on survival were less for larger fish than for smaller individuals and were substantially reduced by a period of exposure to dilute salinities. Growth rate, food intake, and gross food conversion efficiency had the highest values at salinities of 5–10 ppt throughout the pre-smolt period. The results are discussed in relation to the feasibility of using saltwater impoundments as a management tool in increasing coho production.

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