We analyze in details pedagogical meanings of terms “thinking”, “system”, “sys-temic thinking”, “logic”, “logical thinking” as constituent parts of integrative notion “systemic and logical thinking”. We suggest tentative definition of the term “systemic and logical thinking” as the type of thinking, essence of which lies in operating with notions, judgements and conclusions with the use of principle of systemic world cognition and logical laws. This type of thinking includes number of skills as well: orientate to essential characteristics of objects and events, follow logical laws, make one’s decisions according to them, produce logical operations with conscious arguing of them, define interrelation of supersystem, system and its subsystems, observe their change through time, for hypotheses. We reveal specific features of subject oriented teaching of senior pupils and its role in the development of systemic and logical thinking among pupils.