Chemical characteristics and acute toxicity of sequentially extracted water-soluble fractions of a coal liquid

1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Gray ◽  
R.M. Bean ◽  
D.D. Dauble ◽  
W.E. Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Fractions

scholarly journals Histopathological changes in gills and liver of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings exposed to acute concentrations of dry cell battery

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
B.S. Audu ◽  
M. Damshit ◽  
J.O. Omirinde ◽  
I.A. Wakawa ◽  
Y. Sulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Indiscriminate Disposal ◽  
Dry Cell ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Waste dry cell batteries are frequently improperly disposed and subsequently washed into water bodies-- causing deleterious effects on fish particularly Clarias gariepinus which inhabits diverse freshwater habitats. Acute toxicity of water-soluble fractions of waste dry cell batteries was investigated on C. gariepinus fingerlings under laboratory conditions in 96 hours. Ten (10) C. gariepinus fingerlings were exposed to acute concentrations (0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 g/L) of waste dry cell batteries and a control (0.00 g/L), each duplicate replicated. Histopathological alterations  evident in the gills were lamellar fusion, hyperplasia, inter-lamella space occlusion, hypertrophy and erosion of secondary lamellae. The liver showed nuclear and hepatocytes degeneration, vacuolation and portal congestion. Acute concentrations of water-soluble fractions of waste dry cell batteries caused significant (P<0.05) changes in the histomorphology of the gills and liver of C. gariepinus fingerlings, therefore indiscriminate disposal of waste dry cell batteries around riparian ecosystem should be safeguarded to reduce the declining diversity and abundance of freshwater fish species. Keywords: African catfish, 96 hr.LC50, Fingerlings, Histopathology Zinc-carbon battery

Acute toxicity of water soluble fractions derived from a coal liquid (SCR-II) to three aquatic organisms

1983 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
C. Dale Becker ◽  
William E. Fallon ◽  
Dennis W. Crass ◽  
Al J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Initial Studies of a Potent Antiheparin Agent (Ubiquin®)

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 588-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B Goodsell ◽  
R. A Krause ◽  
E. T Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Propylene Oxide ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Per Se

SummaryUbiquin (oligo-3-(N-methylmorpholinium)-l,2-propylene oxide chloride) is a stable, water soluble, active heparin antagonist producing prompt neutralization when administered in a 1:1 ratio to rats and dogs. Initial studies indicate that it is devoid of any effect on coagulation per se; nor are there any obvious side effects manifested during the process of neutralization. The acute toxicity is less than that of other compounds in use: toluidine blue, protamine and hexadimethrine.

Chemosensitizing Activity of Histone Deacetylases Inhibitory Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids for Combination Chemotherapy of Lymphatic Leukemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis V. Mishchenko ◽  
Margarita E. Neganova ◽  
Elena N. Klimanova ◽  
Tatyana E. Sashenkova ◽  
Sergey G. Klochkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids

Background: Anti-tumor effect of hydroxamic acid derivatives is largely connected with its properties as efficient inhibitors of histone deacetylases, and other metalloenzymes involved in carcinogenesis. Objective: The work was aimed to (i) determine the anti-tumor and chemosensitizing activity of the novel racemic spirocyclic hydroxamic acids using experimental drug sensitive leukemia P388 of mice, and (ii) determine the structure-activity relationships as metal chelating and HDAC inhibitory agents. Method: Outbreed male rat of 200-220 g weights were used in biochemical experiments. In vivo experiments were performed using the BDF1 hybrid male mice of 22-24 g weight. Lipid peroxidation, Fe (II) -chelating activity, HDAC fluorescent activity, anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity, acute toxicity techniques were used in this study. Results: Chemosensitizing properties of water soluble cyclic hydroxamic acids (CHA) are evaluated using in vitro activities and in vivo methods and found significant results. These compounds possess iron (II) chelating properties, and slightly inhibit lipid peroxidation. CHA prepared from triacetonamine (1a-e) are more effective Fe (II) ions cheaters, as compared to CHA prepared from 1- methylpiperidone (2a-e). The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity, lipophilicity and acute toxicity were influenced by the length amino acids (size) (Glycine < Alanine < Valine < Leucine < Phenylalanine). All compounds bearing spiro-N-methylpiperidine ring (2a-e) are non-toxic up to 1250 mg/kg dose, while compounds bearing spiro-tetramethylpiperidine ring (1a-e) exhibit moderate toxicity which increases with increasing lipophility, but not excite at 400 mg/kg. Conclusion: It was shown that the use of combination of non-toxic doses of cisplatin (cPt) or cyclophosphamide with CHA in most cases result in the appearance of a considerable anti-tumor effect of cytostatics. The highest chemosensitizing activity with respect to leukemia Р388 is demonstrated by the CHA derivatives of Valine 1c or 2c.

Potential anticonvulsants: Substituted N-benzylidene derivatives of 10-(4-aminopiperazino)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepins

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1173-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Bártl ◽  
Jiří Holubek ◽  
Emil Svátek ◽  
Marie Bartošová ◽  
Miroslav Protiva
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hypotensive Activity ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Central Depression ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Electroshock Seizures

Reactions of 10-(4-aminopiperazino)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepins XIVa-XIVd with benzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzaldehyde, 3-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzaldehyde and 3-ethoxy-4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzaldehyde afforded a series of 19 hydrazones IIIa-Xc. Some of them showed the expected anticonvulsant effect but only towards pentetrazole; antagonism of maximal electroshock seizures was not observed. In general, the products have a character of tranquillizers: in higher does they produce central depression, potentiate the thiopental sleeping time, have hypothermic action; in single cases antiamphetamine, antireserpine, antihistamine and cataleptic effects were observed. The water-soluble salts of the basic hydrazones VIIIa, VIIIc, IXc and Xc, administered parenterally, showed a rather high acute toxicity and revealed also adrenolytic and hypotensive activity.

scholarly journals A novel zinc complex with antibacterial and antioxidant activity

BMC Chemistry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Md. Zaved Hossain Khan ◽  
Fanyi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Zinc Supplement ◽  
Citrate Complex ◽  
Morphology Characterization

Abstract Background In order to enhance the antibacterial activity and reduce the toxicity of Zn2+, novel complexes of Zn(II) were synthesized. Results A water-soluble zinc-glucose-citrate complex (ZnGC) with antibacterial activity was synthesized at pH 6.5. The structure, morphology, characterization, acute toxicity, antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and in situ intestinal absorption were investigated. The results showed that zinc ion was linked with citrate by coordinate bond while the glucose was linked with it through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The higher the molecular weight of sugar is, the more favorable it is to inhibit the formation of zinc citrate precipitation. Compared with ZnCl2, ZnGC complex presented better antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (E. coli, Gram-negative). Conclusions The results of acute toxicity showed no obvious toxicity in this test and in situ intestinal absorption study, suggesting that ZnGC complex could be used as a potential zinc supplement for zinc deficiency.

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