Rare earth spectroscopy in relation to materials science

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Blasse
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Materials Science

A glance on rare earth oxides: importance, reserves, demand, applications, critical uncertainties, global economy, and zeta potential characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas Santos ◽  
Orlando Rodrigues ◽  
Letícia Campos
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Oxides ◽  
Interparticle Forces

Background: Innovation mission in materials science requires new approaches to form functional materials, wherein the concept of its formation begins in nano/micro scale. Rare earth oxides with general form (RE2O3; RE from La to Lu, including Sc and Y) exhibit particular proprieties, being used in a vast field of applications with high technological content since agriculture to astronomy. Despite of their applicability, there is a lack of studies on surface chemistry of rare earth oxides. Zeta potential determination provides key parameters to form smart materials by controlling interparticle forces, as well as their evolution during processing. This paper reports a study on zeta potential with emphasis for rare earth oxide nanoparticles. A brief overview on rare earths, as well as zeta potential, including sample preparation, measurement parameters, and the most common mistakes during this evaluation are reported. Methods: A brief overview on rare earths, including zeta potential, and interparticle forces are presented. A practical study on zeta potential of rare earth oxides - RE2O3 (RE as Y, Dy, Tm, Eu, and Ce) in aqueous media is reported. Moreover, sample preparation, measurement parameters, and common mistakes during this evaluation are discussed. Results: Potential zeta values depend on particle characteristics such as size, shape, density, and surface area. Besides, preparation of samples which involves electrolyte concentration and time for homogenization of suspensions are extremely valuable to get suitable results. Conclusion: Zeta potential evaluation provides key parameters to produce smart materials seeing that interparticle forces can be controlled. Even though zeta potential characterization is mature, investigations on rare earth oxides are very scarce. Therefore, this innovative paper is a valuable contribution on this field.

scholarly journals Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Heavy Lanthanides (Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Ho, Tm)

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Radel R. Gimaev ◽  
Aleksei S. Komlev ◽  
Andrei S. Davydov ◽  
Boris B. Kovalev ◽  
Vladimir I. Zverev
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
State University ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Heavy Lanthanides ◽  
Baikov Institute

Rare earth metals (REM) occupy a special and important place in our lives. This became especially noticeable during the rapid development of industry in the industrial era of the twentieth century. The tendency of development of the rare-earth metals market certainly remains in the XXI century. According to experts estimates the industry demand for chemical compounds based on them will tend to grow during the nearest years until it reaches the market balance. At the same time, the practical use of high-purity rare-earth metals requires the most accurate understanding of the physical properties of metals, especially magnetic ones. Despite a certain decline in interest in the study of high-purity REM single crystals during the last decade, a number of scientific groups (Ames Lab, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Russian Academy of Science (RAS)) are still conducting high-purity studies on high-purity metal samples. The present article is a combination of a review work covering the analysis of the main works devoted to the study of heavy REMs from gadolinium to thulium, as well as original results obtained at MSU. The paper considers the electronic properties of metals in terms of calculating the density of states, analyzes the regularities of the magnetic phase diagrams of metals, gives the original dependences of the Neel temperature and tricritical temperatures for Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Ho, Tm, and also introduces a phenomenological parameter that would serve as an indicator of the phase transformation in heavy REMs.

Combinatorial Study of New Materials Sensing High Temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Ya Lin Lu ◽  
Karen A. Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Oxide Materials ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Emission Lifetime ◽  
Remotely Sense ◽  
Rare Earth Doped ◽  
Combinatorial Strategy

Interests in finding new rare-earth doped oxide materials able to remotely sense high temperature have been intensifying in recent years. If applied, advanced combinatorial strategy for materials science should be efficient in finding a suitable host material, and in optimizing a rare earth ion’s doping concentration, luminescence intensity, emission lifetime, etc. This research demonstrates our preliminary effort to apply the advanced combinatorial material strategy to this new area of finding materials for sensing high temperatures.

scholarly journals Синтез, структура и люминесцентные свойства нового двойного бората K3Eu3B4O12

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Евгений Викторович Ковтунец ◽  
Алексей Карпович Субанаков ◽  
Баир Гармаевич Базаров
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Materials Chemistry ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Host Matrix ◽  
Red Phosphor

Установлено образование нового двойного бората K3Eu3B4O12. По данным уточнения кристаллической структуры методом Ритвельда соединение, кристаллизуется в моноклинной сингонии с параметрами элементарной ячейки a = 10.6727(7) Å, b = 8.9086(6) Å, c = 13.9684(9) Å, b = 110.388(2) ° (пр. гр. P2/c). Структура K3Eu3B4O12 представляет собой ажурные слои [Eu8(BO3)8]∞, расположенные почти параллельно плоскости ab, образованные пятиугольными бипирамидами EuO7, октаэдрами EuO6 и присоединенными к ним через общие вершины треугольниками BO3. Связьмежду соседними слоями осуществляется посредством пятиугольных бипирамид EuO7, треугольников BO3 и катионов калия. В спектре люминесценции наблюдается доминирование заметной полосы на длине волны 611 нм, обусловленной переходом 5D0→7F2 иона Eu3+.       ЛИТЕРАТУРА 1. Xie Z., Mutailipu M., He G., Han G., Wang Y., Yang Z., Zhang M., Pan S. A series of rare-earth boratesK7MRE2B15O30 (M = Zn, Cd, Pb; RE = Sc, Y, Gd, Lu) with large second harmonic generation responses. Chemistry of Materials. 2018;30 (7): 2414–2423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b004912. Mutailipu M., Xie Z., Su X., Zhang M., Wang Y., Yang Z., Janjua M. R. S. A., Pan S. Chemical cosubstitution-oriented design of rare-earth borates as potential ultraviolet nonlinear optical materials. Journal of theAmerican Chemical Society. 2017;139(50): 18397–18405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b112633. Atuchin V. V., Subanakov A. K., Aleksandrovsky A. S., Bazarov B. G., Bazarova J. G., DorzhievaS. G., Gavrilova T. A., Krylov A. S., Molokeev M. S., Oreshonkov A. S., Pugachev A. M., Tushinova Yu. L.,Yelisseyev A. P. Exploration of structural, thermal, vibrational and spectroscopic properties of new noncentrosymmetric double borate Rb3NdB6O12. Advanced Powder Technology. 2017;28(5): 1309–1315. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2017.02.0194. Atuchin V. V., Subanakov A. K., Aleksandrovsky A. S., Bazarov B. G., Bazarova J. G., GavrilovaT. A., Krylov A. S., Molokeev M. S., Oreshonkov A. S., Stefanovich S. Yu. Structural and spectroscopic propertiesof new noncentrosymmetric selfactivated borate Rb3EuB6O12 with B5O10 units. Materials & Design.2018;140: 488–494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.12.0045. Subanakov A. K., Kovtunets E. V., Bazarov B. G., Dorzhieva S. G., Bazarova J. G. New double holmiumborates: Rb3HoB6O12 and Rb3Ho2B3O9. Solid State Sciences. 2020;105: 106231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2020.1062316. Zhao J., Zhao D., Liu B.-Z., Xue Y.-L., Fan Y.-P., Zhang S.-R., Zong Q. K3Gd3B4O12: a new member ofrare-earth orthoborate for luminescent host matrix. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics.2018;29(24): 20808–20819. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-0223-67. Bruker AXS TOPAS V4: General profi le and structure analysis software for powder diffraction data. User’sManual. Bruker AXS, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2008. 68 p. 8. Järvinen M. Application of symmetrized harmonics expansion to correction of the preferred orientationeffect. Journal of Applied Crystallography. 1993;26(4): 525–531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S00218898930012199. Tanner P. A. Some misconceptions concerning the electronic spectra of tri-positive europium andcerium. Chemical Society Reviews. 2013;12: 5090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60033e10. Zhao D., Ma F.-X., Wu Z.-Q., Zhang L., Wei W., Yang J., Zhang R.-H., Chen P.-F., Wu S.-X. Synthesis,crystal structure and characterizations of a new red phosphor K3EuB6O12. Materials Chemistry and Physics.2016;182: 231–236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.07.027

scholarly journals Crystallochemical Design of Huntite-Family Compounds

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Kuz’micheva ◽  
Irina Kaurova ◽  
Victor Rybakov ◽  
Vadim Podbel’skiy
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Space Symmetry ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Real Composition ◽  
The Rare Earth

Huntite-family nominally-pure and activated/co-activated LnM3(BO3)4 (Ln = La–Lu, Y; M = Al, Fe, Cr, Ga, Sc) compounds and their-based solid solutions are promising materials for lasers, nonlinear optics, spintronics, and photonics, which are characterized by multifunctional properties depending on a composition and crystal structure. The purpose of the work is to establish stability regions for the rare-earth orthoborates in crystallochemical coordinates (sizes of Ln and M ions) based on their real compositions and space symmetry depending on thermodynamic, kinetic, and crystallochemical factors. The use of diffraction structural techniques to study single crystals with a detailed analysis of diffraction patterns, refinement of crystallographic site occupancies (real composition), and determination of structure–composition correlations is the most efficient and effective option to achieve the purpose. This approach is applied and shown primarily for the rare-earth scandium borates having interesting structural features compared with the other orthoborates. Visualization of structures allowed to establish features of formation of phases with different compositions, to classify and systematize huntite-family compounds using crystallochemical concepts (structure and superstructure, ordering and disordering, isostructural and isotype compounds) and phenomena (isomorphism, morphotropism, polymorphism, polytypism). Particular attention is paid to methods and conditions for crystal growth, affecting a crystal real composition and symmetry. A critical analysis of literature data made it possible to formulate unsolved problems in materials science of rare-earth orthoborates, mainly scandium borates, which are distinguished by an ability to form internal and substitutional (Ln and Sc atoms), unlimited and limited solid solutions depending on the geometric factor.

Application of Complex Concentrate of Rare-Earth Elements for Obtaining Electrometallic Coatings

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 621-626
Author(s):  
N.F. Struchkov ◽  
G.G. Vinokurov ◽  
A.K. Kychkin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
Modifying Additives ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Structure Of Coatings ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Cored Wires

The unique physical and chemical characteristics of rare earth elements make them attractive for use in a number of existing and innovative production lines. The use of complex concentrates of various deposits to obtain new materials is a promising area of modern materials science. The article presents the results of studies of electroarc metallization coatings of flux-cored wires with modifying additives. As additives, a complex concentrate of rare-earth metals from the deposits of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and other modifying powders were used to obtain hardening phases. To determine the optimal composition of the modifying additives, various compositions of cored wires were made. An analysis of the structure of coatings showed a uniform distribution of the main elements of the cored wire, as well as a local distribution of unmelted particles of the modifying additives. The levels of open porosity and microhardness of the phase components of the coatings are determined. The prospects of using complex concentrate with rare-earth elements from deposits of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) as modifying additives for coatings with enhanced performance properties is shown.

Structure, magnetism, and thermodynamics of the novel rare earth-based R5T4 intermetallics

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1383-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Pecharsky ◽  
K. A. Gschneidner
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Solid State Chemistry ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Group 14 Elements ◽  
Magnetic Transport

After approximately 30 years of dormancy, the binary, ternary, and multicomponent intermetallic compounds of rare earth metals (R) with the group 14 elements (T) at the R5T4 stoichiometry have become a goldmine for materials science, condensed matter physics, and solid-state chemistry. In addition to providing numerous opportunities to clarify elusive structure-property relationships, the R5T4 compounds may soon be developed into practical materials by exploiting their unique sensitivity toward a variety of chemical and physical triggers. The distinctiveness of this series is in the remarkable flexibility of the chemical bonding between well-defined, self-assembled, subnanometer-thick slabs and the resultant magnetic, transport, and thermodynamic properties of the R5T4 compounds that can be controlled by varying either or both R and T, including mixed rare earth elements on the R-sites and different group 14 (and 13 or 15) elements occupying the T-sites. In addition to chemical means, the interslab interactions are tunable by temperature, pressure, and magnetic field. Presently, a substantial, yet far from complete, body of knowledge exists about the Gd compounds with T = Si and Ge. In contrast, only a little is known about the physics and chemistry of R5T4 alloys with other lanthanides, while compounds with T = Sn and Pb remain virtually unexplored.

Evaluation of rare-earth sesquioxides nanoparticles as a bottom-up strategy toward the formation of functional structures

2022 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santos SC ◽  
Rodrigues Jr O ◽  
Campos Ll
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Radiation Dosimetry ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Information Technology Industry ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Epr Signal ◽  
Rare Earth Sesquioxides

Background: The strategy to form functional structures based on powder technology relies on the concept of nanoparticles characteristics. Rare-earth sesquioxides (RE2O3; RE as Y, Tm, Eu) exhibit remarkable properties, and their fields of application cover energy, astronomy, environmental, medical, information technology, industry, and materials science. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the RE2O3 nanoparticles characteristics as a bottom-up strategy to form functional materials for radiation dosimetry. Methods: The RE2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by the following techniques: XRD, SEM, PCS, FTIR, ICP, EPR, and zeta potential. Results: All RE2O3 samples exhibited cubic C-type structure in accordance with the sesquioxide diagram, chemical composition over 99.9%, monomodal mean particle size distribution, in which (d50) was inferior than 130nm. Among all samples, only yttrium oxide exhibited EPR signal, in which the most intense peak was recorded at 358mT and g 1.9701. Conclusion: The evaluation of nanoparticle characteristics is extremely important taking into account a bottom-up strategy to form functional materials. The RE2O3 nanoparticles exhibited promising characteristics for application in radiation dosimetry.

Effect of Modification of Rare Earth Elements on the Morphology of Silicon Precipitates in the ZnAl40Cu3Si Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 244-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Michalik ◽  
Agnieszka Tomaszewska ◽  
Henryk Woźnica
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Uneven Wear ◽  
Crystallization Stage

Properties of the alloys Zn-Al-Cu can be improved by partial or total replacement of copper with silicon. The previous studies of the current authors have shown that in alloys with silicon addition its precipitates are not evenly distributed. This can lead to uneven wear of parts made of the Zn-Al-Cu alloy. The study of phenomena occurring during the crystallization of the ZnAl40Cu3Si alloy with ATD methods have shown that silicon does not form compounds and solid solutions with Zn and Al. In the examined alloy silicon is released as the primary even before the actual solidification of dendrites. It is not possible to reduce the uneven distribution of precipitates through heat treatment. Therefore it is important to assure the uniform distribution of precipitates of silicon already on the crystallization stage, e.g. by addition of rare earth elements. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rare earth elements on the morphology of silicon precipitates in the ZnAl40Cu3Si alloy. The investigated material were alloys containing 40 wt% Al, 3 wt% Cu and 1.5 wt% Si (Zn - remaining). The samples have been taken from the top, middle and bottom of the ingot. In order to determine the morphological characteristics of silicon precipitates a computer program Met-Ilo developed in the Department of Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology was used. Changes of the volume fraction and shape of precipitates in particular areas of the ingot were the subject of analysis in this work.

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