The effect of hypophysectomy on rat liver gluocokinase activity and on plasma glucose, insulin and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Dawson ◽  
C.N. Hales
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid

Plasma leptin responses to fasting in Pima Indians.

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (3) ◽  
pp. E644 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Pratley ◽  
M Nicolson ◽  
C Bogardus ◽  
E Ravussin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Pima Indians ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Leptin is believed to play a role in the regulation of energy balance, but little is known about factors influencing plasma leptin concentrations. To determine the effect of short-term changes in energy balance, we measured plasma leptin concentrations as well as plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, nonesterified fatty acid concentrations, and metabolic rate in response to a standard test meal followed by a 24-h fast in 21 healthy Pima Indians. Plasma leptin concentrations decreased by 8% (P < 0.05) 2-4 h after the test meal. They returned to baseline 6-12 h after the subjects ate, then subsequently decreased, and, by the end of the fast, were an average of 37% below baseline (P < 0.0001). Changes in plasma leptin concentrations did not correlate with changes in plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, or nonesterified fatty acid concentrations or with changes in metabolic rate. The results of this study indicate that plasma leptin concentrations decrease in response to short-term energy restriction. These changes were not due to changes in glucose, insulin, triglycerides, or nonesterified fatty acids, nor did they relate to changes in metabolic rate. The decrease in plasma leptin concentrations with fasting may be an important homeostatic response to an energy deficit, stimulating food intake and thus restoring energy balance.

Mechanism, temporal patterns, and magnitudes of the metabolic responses to the KATP channel agonist diazoxide

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. E80-E85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharathi Raju ◽  
Philip E. Cryer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
C Peptide

To assess the mechanism, temporal patterns, and magnitudes of the metabolic responses to the ATP-dependent potassium channel agonist diazoxide, neuroendocrine and metabolic responses to intravenous diazoxide (saline, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) and oral diazoxide (placebo, 4.0 and 6.0 mg/kg) were assessed in healthy young adults. Intravenous diazoxide produced rapid, but transient, decrements ( P = 0.0023) in plasma insulin (e.g., nadirs of 2.8 ± 0.5 and 1.8 ± 0.3 μU/ml compared with 7.0 ± 1.0 μU/ml after saline at 4.0–7.5 min) and C-peptide ( P = 0.0228) associated with dose-related increments in plasma glucose ( P = 0.0044) and serum nonesterified fatty acids ( P < 0.0001). After oral diazoxide, plasma insulin appeared to decline, as did C-peptide, again associated with dose-related increments in plasma glucose ( P < 0.0001) and serum nonesterified fatty acids ( P = 0.0141). Plasma glucagon, as well as cortisol and growth hormone, was not altered. Plasma epinephrine increased ( P = 0.0215) slightly only after intravenous diazoxide. There were dose-related increments in plasma norepinephrine ( P = 0.0038 and P = 0.0005, respectively), undoubtedly reflecting a compensatory sympathetic neural response to vasodilation produced by diazoxide, but these would not raise plasma glucose or serum nonesterified fatty acid levels. Thus selective suppression of insulin secretion, without stimulation of glucagon secretion, raised plasma glucose and serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. These findings define the temporal patterns and magnitudes of the metabolic responses to diazoxide and underscore the primacy of regulated insulin secretion in the physiological regulation of postabsorptive carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Release and uptake of triglycerides by isolated perfused rat liver

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Heimberg ◽  
Ira Weinstein ◽  
Howard Klausner ◽  
M. L. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Isolated Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
Perfused Rat Liver ◽  
Rapid Process ◽  
Fat Emulsions ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Uptake And Release

The uptake of triglycerides by the isolated perfused rat liver from synthetic neutral fat emulsions or from washed rat chylomicrons was investigated. It was observed that the uptake of triglycerides was more rapid in livers from starved rats than from normal fed animals. In the absence of added lipid to the perfusate, there was release of triglyceride from livers of fed animals, whereas there was a net uptake of endogenous perfusate triglyceride by livers from fasting rats. The data suggest that both uptake and release of triglyceride by liver occur simultaneously. In livers from fasted animals uptake may be the more rapid process, whereas in livers from fed rats both uptake and release may occur at more equal rates. In contrast to the triglycerides, no difference in rate of uptake of endogenous serum nonesterified fatty acid or of added fatty acid-albumin complex was observed with livers from either fed or fasting animals.

scholarly journals Can Plasma Glucose and Nonesterified Fatty Acid Be Regulators of Glucose Utilization in Skeletal Muscle?

1994 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
MANABU NARIMIYA ◽  
TSUTOMU OHASHI ◽  
TOSHITAKA KUBOKURA ◽  
MOTOYOSHI KABURAGI ◽  
YOSHIHISA SOMEYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid

scholarly journals Glycemic index of a meal fed before exercise alters substrate use and glucose flux in exercising horses

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Jose-Cunilleras ◽  
Kenneth W. Hinchcliff ◽  
Richard A. Sams ◽  
Steven T. Devor ◽  
Jon K. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Lower Plasma Glucose ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Serum Glycerol

In a randomized, balanced, crossover study each of six fit, adult horses ran on a treadmill at 50% of maximal rate of oxygen consumption for 60 min after being denied access to food for 18 h and then 1) fed corn (51.4 kJ/kg digestible energy), or 2) fed an isocaloric amount of alfalfa 2–3 h before exercise, or 3) not fed before exercise. Feeding corn, compared with fasting, resulted in higher plasma glucose and serum insulin and lower serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations before exercise ( P < 0.05) and in lower plasma glucose, serum glycerol, and serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations and higher skeletal muscle utilization of blood-borne glucose during exercise ( P < 0.05). Feeding corn, compared with feeding alfalfa, resulted in higher carbohydrate oxidation and lower lipid oxidation during exercise ( P < 0.05). Feeding a soluble carbohydrate-rich meal (corn) to horses before exercise results in increased muscle utilization of blood-borne glucose and carbohydrate oxidation and in decreased lipid oxidation compared with a meal of insoluble carbohydrate (alfalfa) or not feeding. Carbohydrate feedings did not produce a sparing of muscle glycogen compared with fasting.

Metabolic alterations associated with the antidiabetic effect of beta 3-adrenergic receptor agonists in obese mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. E678-E684 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Arbeeny ◽  
D. S. Meyers ◽  
D. E. Hillyer ◽  
K. E. Bergquist
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Brown Adipose

Treatment of obese (ob/ob) mice with the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) agonist BRL-35135 (1 mg.kg body wt-1.day-1 for 20 days) normalized plasma glucose levels and significantly decreased plasma insulin and nonesterified fatty acid levels. The time frame for the hypoglycemic effect, which reached a maximum after 10 days of treatment, paralleled an increase in brown adipose tissue DNA and protein content. The basal level of mRNA for the beta 3-AR and mitochondrial uncoupling protein was found to be markedly decreased in the ob/ob animals relative to the lean group. Chronic treatment of ob/ob mice for 20 days resulted in a twofold increase in beta 3-AR mRNA and a fivefold increase in uncoupling protein mRNA in brown adipose tissue relative to the placebo group. These findings indicate that chronic treatment of ob/ob animals with a beta 3-AR agonist results in proliferation of brown adipose tissue, with an upregulation of the beta 3-AR, which is associated with a decrease in plasma glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acid levels.

Measurement of plasma glucose, free fatty acid, lactate, and insulin for 24 h in patients with NIDDM

Diabetes ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1020-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Reaven ◽  
C. Hollenbeck ◽  
C. Y. Jeng ◽  
M. S. Wu ◽  
Y. D. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose
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