Similarities in the age-related hippocampal deposition of periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM P8) and C57BL/6 mouse strains

Spontaneous age-related lesions of laboratory rabbits are not well documented in the contemporary scientific literature. A retrospective study of diagnostic necropsies of 36 rabbits >2 years of age found a number of common lung lesions. Fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia affected medium and to a lesser extent large pulmonary arteries and was present to a variable extent in all 36 rabbits >2 years of age. The lesions were characterized by fragmentation and/or reduplication of the internal elastic lamina (IEL), proliferation of smoothelin+/alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)+/vimentin− smooth muscle cells and fewer smoothelin−/α-SMA+/vimentin+ myofibroblasts, and intimal deposition of collagen without thrombosis, embolism, or evidence of pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary emphysema, present in 30/36 rabbits, was characterized by the loss of alveolar septa; most affected rabbits did not have clinical signs of respiratory disease. In 8/13 rabbits of the inbred EIII/JC audiogenic strain, we identified a unique syndrome of granulomatous pneumonia containing hyaline brown to gray, globular to ring-like acellular material that was Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff positive. The material was immunoreactive for surfactant protein-A and had the ultrastructural appearance of multilamellar vesicles, suggesting a genetic defect in surfactant metabolism. Additionally, we found small benign primary lung tumors (fibropapillomas, 5 rabbits) not previously described. Other findings included heterotopic bone (5 rabbits), subacute to chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia, pyogranulomatous pneumonia with plant material, and pulmonary artifacts from barbiturate euthanasia solution.

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Histochemical characteristics and distribution of lipofuscin and polyglucosan bodies in the brain of dogs more than 10 years old

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl201002001n ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Sladjan Nesic ◽

Ivana Vucicevic ◽

Darko Marinkovic ◽

Vladimir Kukolj ◽

Milan Anicic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Tissue ◽

Medulla Oblongata ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Ageing Process ◽

Specific Staining ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Polyglucosan Bodies ◽

Age Related ◽

Lipofuscin Pigment ◽

The Brain

The ageing process is accompanied by numerous changes in the brain of dogs, such as accumulation of amyloid, fibrosis of blood vessel walls and meninges, accumulation of lipofuscin, and the presence of polyglucosan bodies (PGBs), satellitosis and neuronophagia. In this study, the presence of lipofuscin and PGBs in various parts of the brain in dogs of different sexes and ages was examined. For this purpose, brain samples were stained using haematoxylin eosin, modified Ziehl Neelsen and Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) methods. Lipofuscin was visualised by Ziehl Neelsen and PAS methods of specific staining on the same brain tissue segments. Lipofuscin had accumulated in 93% of old (more than 10 years old) dog brains, mostly in neurons of the medulla oblongata. The percentage of age-related lipofuscin pigment in other examined brain tissue segments was lower than in the medulla oblongata. There was a small difference in the percentage of lipofuscin-positive individuals between the two staining methods. The presence of PGBs was established by the PAS method for the vast majority (about 93%) of the old dogs (more than 10 years old), while PGBs were not detected in the group of young dogs (up to 5 years old). However, PGBs occurred in all examined segments of the dog?s brain tissues (for each of the tissue types, from 90% to 93% of dogs were positive for PGBs). The results obtained the oldest dogs (15 years old) harboured PGBs both extracellularly and intracellularly, while in other dogs, only extracellular PGBs were seen. Lipofuscin was accumulated mostly in large neurons of olivary nuclei of the medulla oblongata. PGBs were confirmed in all examined segments of the brain tissue of dogs more than 10 years old. This is one of the numerous indications that old dogs could be a very good animal model for studying the normal ageing process or neurodegenerative diseases.

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Spontaneous Incidental Brain Lesions in C57BL/6J Mice

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985819859878 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 172-182

Author(s):

James C. Tarrant ◽

Patrick Savickas ◽

Lorna Omodho ◽

Marco Spinazzi ◽

Enrico Radaelli

Keyword(s):

Periodic Acid ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Brain Lesions ◽

Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Developmental Abnormalities ◽

Genetically Engineered Mouse Models ◽

Biological Variables ◽

Age Related ◽

Human Disorders

Genetically engineered mouse lines on a C57BL/6J background are widely employed as preclinical models to study neurodegenerative human disorders and brain tumors. However, because of the lack of comprehensive data on the spontaneous background neuropathology of the C57BL/6J strain, discriminating between naturally occurring changes and lesions caused by experimental mutations can be challenging. In this context, this study aims at defining the spectrum and frequency of spontaneous brain changes in a large cohort of C57BL/6J mice and their association with specific biological variables, including age and sex. Brains from 203 experimentally naive and clinically unremarkable C57BL/6J mice were collected and analyzed by means of histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Mice ranged in age from 3 to 110 weeks with 89 females, 111 males, and 3 unknowns. Sixteen different spontaneous lesion categories were described in this cohort. Age-related neurodegenerative and/or neuroinflammatory findings represented the most common pathologic changes and included (1) Hirano-like inclusions in the thalamic neurons, (2) neuroaxonal dystrophy in the medulla oblongata, (3) periodic acid–Schiff–positive granular deposits in the neuropil of the hippocampus, and (4) progressive neuroinflammation characterized by microgliosis and astrogliosis. Neoplastic conditions, developmental abnormalities, and circulatory disorders were rarely observed incidental findings. In conclusion, this study describes spontaneous age-related brain lesions of the C57BL/6J mouse and provides a reference for evaluating and interpreting the neuropathological phenotype in genetically engineered mouse models developed and maintained on this congenic background.

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An Unusual Case of Generalized Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis in a Cynomolgus Monkey

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098588402100108 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 46-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

V. Jasty ◽

R. L. Kowalski ◽

E. H. Fonseca ◽

M. C. Porter ◽

G. R. Clemens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cynomolgus Monkey ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Ceroid Lipofuscinosis ◽

Age Related ◽

Lipofuscin Pigment ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin

Histologic, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies of generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a cynomolgus monkey are presented. Histologically, a wide variety of tissue cells contained numerous bright eosinophilic intracytoplasmic granules that varied in size from 0.5 μm to 4.0 μm in diameter. Histochemically, the granules gave a weakly positive reaction with periodic acid-Schiff and for lipids. They were weakly acid fast and capable of emitting autofluorescence. Ultrastructurally, the granules were single unit membrane-bound, and contained dense osmiophilic material with frequent concentric or fingerprint-type lamellar formation. The granules were different than hemofuscin, iron, and bilirubin. Tinctorially the granules were unique—they were bright red with hematoxylin and eosin and, thus, differed from typical age-related lipofuscin pigment.

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Concomitant deletion of HRAS and NRAS leads to pulmonary immaturity, respiratory failure and neonatal death in mice

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-019-2075-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Rocío Fuentes-Mateos ◽

David Jimeno ◽

Carmela Gómez ◽

Nuria Calzada ◽

Alberto Fernández-Medarde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Failure ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽

Mouse Strains ◽

Clara Cells ◽

Double Knockout ◽

Lung Maturation ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Transcriptional Changes ◽

Ceramide Accumulation

Abstract We reported previously that adult (HRAS−/−; NRAS−/−) double knockout (DKO) mice showed no obvious external phenotype although lower-than-expected numbers of weaned DKO animals were consistently tallied after crossing NRAS-KO and HRAS-KO mice kept on mixed genetic backgrounds. Using mouse strains kept on pure C57Bl/6 background, here we performed an extensive analysis of the offspring from crosses between HRAS-KO and NRAS-KO mice and uncovered the occurrence of very high rates of perinatal mortality of the resulting DKO littermates due to respiratory failure during the first postnatal 24–48 h. The lungs of newborn DKO mice showed normal organ structure and branching but displayed marked defects of maturation including much-reduced alveolar space with thick separating septa and significant alterations of differentiation of alveolar (AT1, AT2 pneumocytes) and bronchiolar (ciliated, Clara cells) cell lineages. We also observed the retention of significantly increased numbers of undifferentiated progenitor precursor cells in distal lung epithelia and the presence of substantial accumulations of periodic acid-Schiff-positive (PAS+) material and ceramide in the lung airways of newborn DKO mice. Interestingly, antenatal dexamethasone treatment partially mitigated the defective lung maturation phenotypes and extended the lifespan of the DKO animals up to 6 days, but was not sufficient to abrogate lethality in these mice. RNA microarray hybridization analyses of the lungs of dexamethasone-treated and untreated mice uncovered transcriptional changes pointing to functional and metabolic alterations that may be mechanistically relevant for the defective lung phenotypes observed in DKO mice. Our data suggest that delayed alveolar differentiation, altered sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide accumulation are primary contributors to the respiratory stress and neonatal lethality shown by DKO mice and uncover specific, critical roles of HRAS and NRAS for correct lung differentiation that are essential for neonatal survival and cannot be substituted by the remaining KRAS function in this organ.

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Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive, granular structures increase in the brain of senescence accelerated mouse (SAM)

Acta Neuropathologica ◽

10.1007/bf00685973 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 124-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

H. Akiyama ◽

M. Kameyama ◽

I. Akiguchi ◽

H. Sugiyama ◽

T. Kawamata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodic Acid ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

The Brain ◽

Senescence Accelerated Mouse

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Ultrastructure of the Parotid Gland of the Nine-Banded Armadillo

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100080626 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 640-641

Author(s):

J. R. Ruby

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Parotid Gland ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Acinar Cells ◽

Duct System ◽

Parotid Glands ◽

Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽

Anterior Portion ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Thin Sections

Parotid glands were obtained from five adult (four male and one female) armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) which were perfusion-fixed. The glands were located in a position similar to that of most mammals. They extended interiorly to the anterior portion of the submandibular gland.In the light microscope, it was noted that the acini were relatively small and stained strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue techniques, confirming the earlier results of Shackleford (1). Based on these qualities and other structural criteria, these cells have been classified as seromucous (2). The duct system was well developed. There were numerous intercalated ducts and intralobular striated ducts. The striated duct cells contained large amounts of PAS-positive substance.Thin sections revealed that the acinar cells were pyramidal in shape and contained a basally placed, slightly flattened nucleus (Fig. 1). The rough endoplasmic reticulum was also at the base of the cell.

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Detection of Carriers in Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657357 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 49 (03) ◽

pp. 182-186

Author(s):

G T E Zonneveld ◽

E F van Leeuwen ◽

A Sturk ◽

J W ten Cate

Keyword(s):

Bleeding Time ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Type I ◽

Clot Retraction ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Glanzmann’S Thrombasthenia ◽

Aggregation Response ◽

Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia ◽

Sds Page ◽

Reduced State

SummaryQuantitative glycoprotein (GP) analysis of whole platelets or platelet membranes was performed by SDS-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and periodic acid Schiff staining in the families of two unrelated Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT) patients. Each family consisted of two symptom free parents, a symptom free daughter and a GT daughter. All symptom free members had a normal bleeding time, clot retraction and platelet aggregation response to adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP), collagen and adrenalin. Platelet Zw* antigen was normally expressed in these subjects. GT patiens, classified as a type I and II subject, showed reduced amounts of GP lib and of GP nia. Analysis of isolated membranes in the non-reduced state, however, showed that the amount of GP Ilia was also reduced in three of the four parents, whereas one parent (of the GT type I patient) and the two unaffected daughters had normal amounts of GP Ilia. Quantitative SDS-PAGE may therefore provide a method for the detection of asymptomatic carriers in GT type I and II.

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Swim bladder mycosis in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss caused by Phoma herbarum and experimental verification of pathogenicity

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao03464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 138 ◽

pp. 237-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J Řehulka ◽

A Kubátová ◽

V Hubka

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Bladder Wall ◽

Swim Bladder ◽

Cell Reactivity ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Posterior Portion ◽

Hepatic Congestion ◽

Phoma Herbarum

In this study, spontaneous swim bladder mycosis was documented in a farmed fingerling rainbow trout from a raceway culture system. At necropsy, the gross lesions included a thickened swim bladder wall, and the posterior portion of the swim bladder was enlarged due to massive hyperplasia of muscle. A microscopic wet mount examination of the swim bladder contents revealed abundant septate hyphae, and histopathological examination showed periodic acid-Schiff-positive mycelia in the lumen and wall of the swim bladder. Histopathological examination of the thickened posterior swim bladder revealed muscle hyperplasia with expansion by inflammatory cells. The causative agent was identified as Phoma herbarum through morphological analysis and DNA sequencing. The disease was reproduced in rainbow trout fingerlings using intraperitoneal injection of a spore suspension. Necropsy in dead and moribund fish revealed extensive congestion and haemorrhages in the serosa of visceral organs and in liver and abdominal serosanguinous fluid. Histopathological examination showed severe hepatic congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, Kupffer cell reactivity, leukostasis and degenerative changes. Fungi were disseminated to the liver, pyloric caeca, kidney, spleen and heart. Although infections caused by Phoma spp. have been repeatedly reported in fish, species identification has been hampered by extensive taxonomic changes. The results of this study confirmed the pathogenicity of P. herbarum in salmonids by using a reliably identified strain during experimental fish infection and provides new knowledge regarding the course of infection.

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Erdheim-Chester Disease Presenting with Histiocytic Colitis and Cytokine Storm

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ◽

10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.262.erd ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 183-187

Author(s):

George P. Christophi ◽

Yeshika Sharma ◽

Quader Farhan ◽

Umang Jain ◽

Ted Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodic Acid ◽

Poor Response ◽

Rare Type ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Hemodynamic Compromise ◽

Erdheim Chester Disease ◽

Erdheim Chester ◽

Chester Disease ◽

Segmental Colitis

Background: Non-Langerhans histiocytosis is a group of inflammatory lymphoproliferative disorders originating from non-clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells into cytokine-secreting dendritic cells or macrophages. Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) is a rare type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by tissue inflammation and injury caused by macrophage infiltration and histologic findings of foamy histiocytes. Often ECD involves the skeleton, retroperitoneum and the orbits. This is the first report documenting ECD manifesting as segmental colitis and causing cytokine-release syndrome.Case presentation: A 68-year old woman presented with persistent fever without infectious etiology and hematochezia. Endoscopy showed segmental colitis and pathology revealed infiltration of large foamy histiocytes CD3-/CD20-/CD68+/CD163+/S100- consistent with ECD. The patient was empirically treated with steroids but continued to have fever and developed progressive distributive shock.Conclusion: This case report describes the differential diagnosis of infectious and immune-mediated inflammatory and rheumatologic segmental colitis. Non-Langerhans histiocytosis and ECD are rare causes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Prompt diagnosis is imperative for the appropriate treatment to prevent hemodynamic compromise due to distributive shock or gastrointestinal bleeding. Importantly, gastrointestinal ECD might exhibit poor response to steroid treatment and other potential treatments including chemotherapy, and biologic treatments targeting IL-1 and TNF-alpha signaling should be considered.Abbreviations: AFB: acid-fast bacilli; ECD: Erdheim-Chester Disease; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; PASD: periodic acid-Schiff with diastase; TB: tuberculosis

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